Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 Outdoor Deployment Guide
Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 - Aironet 1410 Wireless Bridge Manual
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- Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 1
1400 Series Wireless Bridge Outdoor Deployment Guide The purpose for this document is to cover 5 GHz Regulations, 1400 Series Wireless Bridge Product, interference issues, installation guide, troubleshooting tips and added features. This guide will help a Network IT professional, who has limited - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 2
connect different buildings across a campus or a metro area Cisco Aironet Bridges support IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree and can therefore participate in complex Layer 2 network designs involving redundant or meshed links. 1.1 Channels and Data Rates IEEE 802.11a defines requirements for a PHY operating - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 3
Bridging addition to US, Australia, New Zealand and various cisco.com/go/aironet/compliance http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/smbiz/wireless/approvals.html 1.2.2 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) The radio energy radiated from an antenna is called the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 4
power and antenna gain allowances is preferable for long range outdoor wireless bridging. power of 1 watt (30 dBm) allowed in UNII-2 band. Rather, the UNII-2 band is treated by the Wi-Fi community as being a less-restrictive extension of the UNII-1 band generally supporting clients and Access Points - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 5
quite well by the HyperLAN2 specification. The IEEE 802.11h standard covers both DFS and TPC that will apply to the 5 GHz band at a later date. 1.2.5 FCC Regulations regarding EIRP limitations with Point-to-Point & Point-toMultipoint Wireless Networks Wireless bridges can be deployed to establish - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 6
in excess of 23 dBi. EIRP = Peak Transmit power (30dBm or 1Watt) + 23 dBi = 53 dB (200 Watts), a constant. 2 BR1400 Wireless Bridge Product Introduction Cisco's BR1400 Series, brings about one of the most flexible and feature rich bridging products Cisco has ever made. It was designed to deployed - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 7
antennas, if used, are installed outdoors. The grounding Block is installed at the building entrance and the Power Injector LR and DC power supply are installed indoors. The overall System block diagram is shown in the Figure below. Figure 4. Schematic of Typical Bridge Installation 2.1.1 Wireless - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 8
laptop or any other conventional tool for installing these bridges. Please refer to the documentation for BR1410 available on our website: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/wireless/ps5279/index.html 2.1.1.1 Antennas for the BR1400 Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 9
in the BR1400 manual for details about which antennas may be used. 2.1.2 Power Injector-LR (Long Reach) The Power Injector-LR is a self-contained functional unit suitable for indoor installation. It provides a 100 Base-T Ethernet link between the In-building LAN and the outdoor wireless unit (ODU - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 10
output through a short cable via a barrel style power connector .25 OD (center positive) interfacing to Power Injector 2. Universal AC input connector to be plugged into an AC power cord. 2.1.4 Grounding Block Grounding block (Cisco provided) should be installed inline with 75 ohm coax cables at the - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 11
Australia and New Zealand All these Low power SKUs operate in the same frequency band as high power SKUs i.e, complete UNII 3 band. Should the installer wish to deploy point-to-multipoint networks using Omni or Sector Antennas in these countries then High power SKU AIR-BR1410A-A-K9-N may be ordered - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 12
is configured to recognize a specific VLAN ID, a connection to the VLAN is established. The bridge supports only one infrastructure SSID. You should assign that SSID to the native VLAN. For more information, please consult the VLAN deployment Guide at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 13
Figure 8. VLAN CONFIGURATION Switch_2 Station_E VLAN 12 The main steps to configure the VLANs are Bridge. 2) Enable 802.1q trunking on the Bridges: Specify the VLAN-id X as the native VLAN on the root and non root bridges by going into the GUI services and clicking on VLAN. Copyright © 2004 Cisco - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 14
Figure 9. Screenshot for VLAN configuration 3) Mapping: Map the native VLAN to the Bridge SSID. For this use the GUI interface and go to Security and click on SSID Manager. Map the SSID to VLAN X. Figure 10. Screenshot for VLAN configuration Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 15
here in this situation). The following are the objectives of the QoS feature supported in 1400 bridge: • Provide 802.1p priority bits and 802.1q VLAN tag based QoS • Provide priority services for VOIP traffic, based upon IP TOS/DSCP The bridge can only classify traffic based on IP TOS (Type of - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 16
policy: You can apply the policy to the VLAN configured on the bridge. If you do not use VLANs on your network, you can apply your QoS policies to the bridge's Ethernet and Radio ports. Figure 12. Screenshot for QoS configuration Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 16 of - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 17
the wireless links as a whole but also the Bridge itself. Multiple types of security levels are available on 1400 Series Bridge. Configuring your own SSID on the 1400 Bridges provides a rudimentary level of security. 1400 Bridge also provides different type of encryptions on the data going across - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 18
Point or a Bridge. 1400 Bridge can behave as a LEAP client in slave mode (Non Root) or LEAP authenticator in Master mode (Root) as shown in the figure below. Figure 13. Leap in a bridge link LEAP requires a LEAP compliant Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server such as Cisco - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 19
Figure 14. Screenshot for configuring Security 5) Configure Non Root Bridges with a user-id/password (for example: non-root/non-root) for LEAP authentication to the root bridge using ACS. In GUI interface go to SSID manager in Security section to do this. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 20
configuring security 6) After completing the above steps, view the association table of the root bridge to ensure all non root bridges bridge link, one needs to define how far the Bridge link is expected to transit and at what radio data rate. Very close bridge need to install a bridge outdoors. This - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 21
radio waves don't travel nearly as far given the same amount of power as radio waves on lower frequencies. This higher frequency range makes the Bridge ideal for unlicensed use as the radio waves do not travel far unless a high gain antenna is used that can tightly focused the radio waves in a given - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 22
tower or other structure would need to be to support your Bridge. Figure 18. It is easy to link any or all of these nearby buildings together If you can see all the sites, installing the links is simply a matter of determining the distances and data rates desired. If you can not see the - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 23
If you have access to such a location, you could install another Bridge or Bridge pair using that site as a relay point. Once you bridge link this is not a problem, however; if the link was poor to begin with then bad weather could degrade performance or cause loss of link. Tip: Cisco Outdoor Bridge - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 24
(GHz) Note: Fresnel zone, Free Space Loss, antenna gain, cable loss, data rate, link distance, transmitter power, receiver sensitivity along with other variables that all play a role in determining how far your bridge link will go. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 24 of - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 25
are calculated with the simple to use Cisco Outdoor Bridge Range Calculation Utility that we will discuss D2/6 Earth bulge at midpath D = Distance between Antennas H1 = Added Antenna Height for 60% Freznel Zone Clearance in feet H2= Added Antenna Height for Earth Bulge Clearance in feet Where, D - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 26
other sites are designated as Non-Root sites. When operating in Point to Point mode the 1400 series Bridge can be ordered with an integrated 22.5 dBi antenna making it a simple one piece outdoor unit. The Point to Point range with the integrated antenna is 7.5 miles at 54 Mbps or up to 16 miles at - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 27
application we could use a 1400 series Bridge that supports the use of remote antennas and then use an Omni-Directional antenna on the Root Bridge which then transmits radio signals in all directions. Since the radio signal would be going all directions this comes at a price since it is not possible - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 28
1 and two are linked via Point to Point for greater distances Tip: The majority of Bridge links are done from building roof tops saving the expense of a radio tower and professional climber or bucket truck. Figure 26. Different Antenna options for use with Bridge 1400 series As the radio energy is - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 29
This utility supports Wireless Bridge links using Cisco 2.4 GHz (BR-350 Series Bridges) as well as the Cisco 5.7 GHz (BR-1410 Series Bridges). There Bridge model either with integrated antenna or the Bridge model with a remote antenna. Each model number has different power level settings and antenna - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 30
designed to connect directly to the 1400 Series Bridge. Should you wish to add to this cable length (not recommended) you can enter in the loss of the non-Cisco supplied cable as well as the length. 8. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power - Displayed so the installer can verify compliance with their - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 31
antennas and data rates. Since all Bridge links when using the Bridge utility are Point to Point, when computing Point to Multi-Point links always compare the Root Bridge to each remote or Non-Root site to determine distances. Tip: Before actually performing a site survey or ordering equipment - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 32
from the bands surrounding UNII-3 band There are many frequency bands which surround the UNII-3 band (5.725-5.825 GHz) used by the 1400 series wireless Bridge. Should you encounter severe interference, It may be necessary to Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 32 of 53 - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 33
congested channel, which is an inbuilt feature in the bridge. Another important feature within the 1400 Series Wireless Bridge is Programmable Clear Channel Assessment (CCA). CCA threshold can be used to decrease the receiver sensitivity Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 34
poor signal quality indicating a potential interference issue. In this scenario, one might wish to try another channel. 6 Installation Guide The Cisco Systems 1400 Series Wireless Bridge is designed to be installed in an outdoor environment, typically, on a tower or a tall building. Typical types of - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 35
on the left shows the 1400 Series Bridge SKU with Integrated antenna. Here two RG6 coaxial cables run from the Bridge to the inside of the building through the Grounding Block. The middle and right picture depict the installation of Bridge 1400 SKU with remote antennas. In the middle picture, the - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 36
Figure 31. Cisco Aironet BR-1400 components. 6.2 Installing the Bridges Tip: It is a good idea to configure the bridges and verify RF connectivity before performing the installation, this can weed out any potential configuration problems you might encounter and perhaps save time by verifying radio - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 37
of electrical wires or other objects that could come in contact with the bridge, employ or seek out a professional installer when in doubt. 6.3 Mounting the Bridges The BR-1400 outdoor unit can be mounted directly to a user supplied mast pipe or directly to a side of a radio tower. For larger mast - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 38
An optional Roof/Wall mount kit is available - Cisco Part number AIR-ACCRWM1400 6.4 Routing the cables The shielded Dual RG-6 cables connect to the 1400 Series outdoor unit to the grounding block and then finally to the Power Injector. The Bridge comes with dual 50 and 20 Ft RG-6 cables. Typically - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 39
make sure the grounding block is attached to a suitable ground. Tip: Always use the grounding blocks supplied with the 1400 series bridge and take it to a suitable ground The grounding block is installed inline with 75 ohm coax cables at the building entrance providing lightning protection. It has - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 40
Figure 34. Many buildings have professional grounding systems already installed. 6.6 First time installation / linking the Bridges: If you have not pre-configured the Bridges, you will find upon startup they will default into a "Bridge Install & Alignment mode" and the following rules apply: • The - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 41
bridge association's page or using Cisco's supplied IPSU utility. • Furthermore, if the Bridge becomes Non-Root during the automatic install configure the Bridge to operate at 12 dBm, (the lowest transmitter power setting), and then use either the 9.5 dBi antenna; (spacing the Bridge antennas - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 42
dB of loss mapping to 26 meters of separation. 6.8 Configuring the Root Bridge • Mount the Bridge on the site and carefully align the bridge to the Non Root side • Power up the Bridge and observe the Bridge LEDs • Install LED of the Root Bridge remains black during boot - RSSI LEDs blink to indicate - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 43
simply "waving" it around in the wind. Antenna alignment can be accomplished using the lights on the BR-1400 unit or by measuring RSSI using a customer supplied voltmeter attached to the integrated BNC connector on the outdoor unit. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 43 - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 44
when aligning a Root bridge in a Point to Multi-Point link. Tip: Move the antenna slowly as there is a slight delay while the bridge samples the RSSI. Figure 37. Antenna Alignment Chart- RSSI signal to DC voltage comparison 6.12 Configuring the Power Injector The Power injector contains an Ethernet - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 45
the coaxial power injector cables and antenna connector (when using the non-integrated antenna) can result in failure over time due to corrosion and/or water ingress. Tip: It is always better to weatherproof your connectors on the nice warm day you installed the bridge then have to troubleshoot the - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 46
/products.html 6.13.2 Recommended Practices / Maintenance for Bridge deployments Security: After you have verified connectivity and have completed your installation, always remember to enable security on your bridge link. The Cisco 1400 Series Bridge can support many types of encryption as well as - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 47
throughput It may be desirable, in some installations, to install two parallel Wireless Bridge links between two buildings to increase the overall throughput. The 1400 Series Wireless Bridges can be stacked together to create two redundant point-to- point wireless links. These links need to operate - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 48
Bridge links 7.1 Installation and Alignment During the installation, antennas must be adjusted to achieve this level of mutual coupling. Fortunately this is an achievable figure with the types of antennas being used with the 1400 series system. Figure 40. Mutual Coupling Copyright © 2004 Cisco - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 49
steps involved for Alignment: i) Verify isolation between Bridge A and B: • Establish Link1 and align the antennas (Bridge A is the root bridge C is non-root) • Install Bridge B at least 10 feet away and configure as non-root and let it associate to bridge A. • Measure RSSI voltage and make sure it - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 50
group. PagP is currently supported on most of the Cisco Switches. PagP is not supported on IOS Routers. PagP can recover automatically from 802.11a wireless link failures, but adds a new problem of not being able to access the management interface of the 1400 series unit. Manual intervention will be - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 51
link and receive on the other, neither link's bridges are accessible. The only reliable way to manage the 1400 bridges within PagP is to turn it off and route the traffic manually by configuring the switches properly. 8 Appendix Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 51 of - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 52
dBi External high gain antenna 28 dBi Channel Bandwidth 20 MHz Center Frequency: Channel149 5745 MHz Channel153 5765 MHz Channel157 5785 MHz Channel161 5805 MHz Frequency Accuracy ±20 ppm Spectral Mask (at max power) Per FCC Part15 UNII specifications and 802.11a standards - Cisco AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 | Outdoor Deployment Guide - Page 53
ACI (Concatenated packets, 1% PER, 3 dB above min sensitivity) 54 Mbps 48 Mbps 36 Mbps 24 Mbps 18 Mbps 12 Mbps 9 Mbps 6 Mbps Table 6. BR1400 Radio Specifications 550 1350 -1 0 4 8 11 13 15 16 ns dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc Copyright © 2004
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Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Page 1 of 53
1 Introduction to Technology
The BR1400 Bridges are used to wirelessly connect two networks (usually in different buildings).
When two or more bridges are used, one bridge must be defined as the
ROOT BRIDGE.
Cisco
wireless bridges default to operation in root bridge mode. In any bridge domain (group of
connected bridges) there should exist only one Root Bridge. Other bridges must be configured to
operate in non-root mode. The
NON-ROOT
Bridge will initiate a link to the root bridge and all
bridges can subsequently transmit data.
Longer ranges can be activated with appropriate selection of antennas and clear line of sight. It
should be noted that only bridges have this extended range capability. The extended range is
achieved by stretching the timing parameters set forth in the IEEE 802.11 specifications. The
802.11 specification was based on a presumption that a wireless LAN communication link
(keeping in mind this is defining a LOCAL Area Network) would be not more than 1000 feet.
Therefore distances for Access Point to client communication are limited to approximately one-mile
range for quality performance; irrespective of transmit power, cable, and antenna combinations.
This is due to timing restrictions in the 802.11 protocol which synchronize the timing of the
communications to support delays induced by the distance.
1400 Series Wireless Bridge Outdoor Deployment Guide
The purpose for this document is to cover 5 GHz Regulations, 1400 Series Wireless Bridge
Product, interference issues, installation guide, troubleshooting tips and added features. This guide
will help a Network IT professional, who has limited knowledge about RF, but desires to deploy
a wireless Bridge link. This document covers topics that one needs to understand to determine if
the wireless link will work, how to design it, how to install it
,
optimize the link, maintain and
troubleshoot it.