Compaq ProLiant 3000 Video Streaming Technology
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- Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 1
23 High Capacity Disk Storage ....... 24 High Sustainable Throughput ..... 24 High Performance Network ........ 24 Multiple CPUs 24 Expandable System Memory ..... 24 High Availability 24 Rack-mount for Easy Access..... 25 Attractive Cost per Stream......... 25 Example: Compaq ProLiant .....25 - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 2
Server are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Pentium, Pentium II, and Pentium Pro are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Other product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies. ©1998 Compaq - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 3
Video Technology The Human Eye An understanding of video technology starts with an understanding of the properties of the human eye. outside this spectrum. 8000nm TV Radio Waves Radar 700nm 400nm mm Infra Ultra Red Violet X-Rays Gamma Rays .0001nm Cosmic Rays Visible Light The human - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 4
as the three components. Hue describes the color's shade or tone, and saturation the "purity" or "colorfulness" of the color. 3-Wire YUV This approach dates back to the Component Video introduction of color TV. For color TVs to be backward compatible and for black and white TVs to be able - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 5
been mostly stored on sequential tape because of the high capacity requirements, but advances in magnetic and optical disk capacity and speed make it camcorder-usually on tape, but sometimes on a disk in the camcorder itself. Digital video from these sources may go directly to the hard drive of a PC - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 6
on a PC were to play video from a CD-ROM or to download a very large file across the network for playback at the user's desktop. Neither of these approaches is acceptable for delivery of content across a network. The Bandwidth Problem The scope of this problem can be seen by looking at the following - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 7
in data rate at the expense of size and video quality, it is still not enough for most network delivery. For example, a 10BaseT Ethernet network supports data rates of 10 MegaBits/sec. This is not enough bandwidth to deliver even one video stream at the above scaled data rate. Further scaling - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 8
on their purpose, for example, wide bandwidth vs. narrow bandwidth or CD-ROM vs. network streaming. specifically for CD-ROMs while others have been developed specifically for streaming video. Proprietary CD-ROM Codecs Proprietary Streaming Codecs Cinepak Indeo TrueMotionS Smacker Video 1 Power - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 9
has been the most widely implemented video conferencing standard in North America, Europe, and Japan, and formed the starting point for the development benefits from the experience gained on the MPEG-1 standard. It supports five picture formats: H.263 Resolutions Format Resolution Sub-QCIF: 128 - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 10
quality audio at a data rate of approximately 1.5 Mbps and a frame rate of 30 fps. Originally, MPEG-1 was designed for playing video from 1x CD-ROMs and to be compatible with data rates of T1 lines. MPEG-1 uses Interframe compression to eliminate redundant information between frames, and Intraframe - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 11
the processing power required. Currently, MPEG-1 can be decoded in software on a Pentium 133 or better to compress. Because of this, MPEG-2 supports two encoding schemes depending on the needs of 4x CD-ROM drive for playback. A 4x CD-ROM can only store only 18 minutes of video versus a 1x CD with 72 - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 12
at 7x the capacity of the CD, is ultimately expected to replace CD-ROM and VHS tapes for long-play support data rates of 64Kbps or less, but recently has been enhanced to support a wide range stored on a hard drive. When it is all there, the user can play it from the hard drive. The advantage - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 13
reduced, since a complete copy does not have to reside on the user's hard drive. Another advantage is that video content may be integrated and streamed be very large and the user must wait until the complete file is downloaded before playing. Buffer File Video Server Video Data Packets Packet - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 14
ultimately playing the video content. The main components of a complete video streaming system to accomplish this-Encoding Station, Video Server, Network Infrastructure, and Playback Client-are illustrated in the following diagram. 1. Capture Encoding Station 2. Edit 3. Encode 4. Serve Video.AVI - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 15
camcorder or VHS tape, digitize it and store it server software is generally licensed by the "number of streams." If more streams are requested than the server is licensed for, the software VCR-like user interface. The player generally supports such functions of Service (QoS) 3. Support - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 16
starts and stops. To evaluate this for different networks, a new measure of network capability has emerged known as Quality of Service to support multicasting, user can request any stream at any time. Unicasting separate video streams for each client consumes a lot of network bandwidth. Server - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 17
announcements to all corporate employees worldwide. All users on the network can view the broadcast support it. Originally intended for corporate Intranets, the Internet will support it soon as part of video server, and multiple lower speed-e.g., 10Mbps-output ports. The switch may also support an - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 18
addressed to the specific client devices higher bandwidth provides better support for streaming video. guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) and expense, it was originally used for wide-area longhaul networks, but is now of the Internet. Web Server Video Server HTTP Core Network Access Network - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 19
way over packet-switched networks such as the Internet. For example, standard HTTP web servers using TCP/IP protocol are difficult to use for streaming video. Normal HTTP web pages do not support the 2-way interaction needed to control video streams such as dynamic bandwidth adjustment, rewind - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 20
. It also supports the use of RTP as an underlying protocol. RSVP RSVP stands for "Resource Reservation Protocol." Its purpose is to provide consistent quality of service by guaranteeing a maximum allowable transmission delay for streaming packets along with the ability to prioritize specific packet - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 21
ECG068/0798 WHITE PAPER (cont.) 2...1 - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 22
fault-tolerant support q Detecting abnormal client termination-e.g., power failure or power off at the client q Allowing the loading of new content in real time without interrupting current streams Video Server Application Software NT Operating System Video Server Hardware Processor(s) Memory Disk - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 23
and Wide-Ultra SCSI q Tuned device drivers for network cards and disk access q Multiple high performance CPUs that can be dedicated to uninterrupted video delivery q Large system memory expansion for managing multiple high speed streaming buffer pools Video Server Application Software NT Operating - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 24
is therefore important that the video server be capable of accommodating high speed drives when needed, as well as wide (32-bit minimum) and fast PCI busses and multiple disk arrays with controllers that support content striping. For example, wide Ultra SCSI-3 disk controllers provide a sustainable - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 25
as disk drives, power supplies, and fans are also desirable. Rack-mount for Easy Access Large video server installations may require multiple servers along with multiple external storage options and networking equipment such as switching hubs. It is desirable to be able to rackmount this equipment - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 26
addition, the ProLiant 5500 supports integrated dual channel Wide-Ultra SCSI-3 disk controllers for maximum sustained video I/O throughput. Internal drive bays accommodate up to 8 hot-pluggable 1" drives or up to 6 hot-pluggable 1.6" with capacities of 9.1GB or 18.1GB per drive. Additional storage - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 27
Interleave CD-ROM-Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory CIF-Common Intermediate Format CODEC-enCODer/DECoder DVD-ROM-Digital Video Disk-Read-Only Memory FDDI- Component Interconnect PSTN-Public Switched Telephone Network QoS-Quality of Service RGB-Red-Green-Blue RSVP-Resource Reservation Protocol RTP-Real - Compaq ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 28
specific video server application software visit one of the following web sites: http://www.microsoft.com/theater/ http://www.starlight.com/starlight/start , Daniel Minoli, McGraw-Hill, 1995 q The Digital VideoMaker's Guide, Kathryn Shaw Whitver, MWP, 1995 q Video Conferencing and Interactive
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W
HITE
P
APER
1
ECG068/0798
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July 1998
Compaq Computer
Corporation
ECG Emerging Markets
and Advanced
Technology
C
ONTENTS
V
IDEO
T
ECHNOLOGY
..............
3
The Human Eye
.......................
3
Analog Video
............................
4
Analog Composite Video
..............
4
Analog Component Video
............
4
Digital Video
.............................
5
Digital Video Formats
..................
5
Network Delivery Challenges
.......
6
The Bandwidth Problem
............
6
Scaling
........................................
7
Compressing—Codecs
................
8
Video Codec Standards
............
9
H.261
..........................................
9
H.263
..........................................
9
JPEG and MJPEG
.......................
9
MPEG
.......................................
10
V
IDEO
-S
TREAMING
..............
12
Isochronous Video
...................
13
Video Streaming System
.........
14
Network Considerations
...........
15
LANs/Intranets
..........................
17
Public Internet
...........................
18
Public Broadband Networks
.......
20
V
IDEO
S
ERVERS
..................
22
Application Software
................
22
Video Server Hardware
............
23
High Capacity Disk Storage
.......
24
High Sustainable Throughput
.....
24
High Performance Network
........
24
Multiple CPUs
...........................
24
Expandable System Memory
.....
24
High Availability
.........................
24
Rack-mount for Easy Access
.....
25
Attractive Cost per Stream
.........
25
Example: Compaq ProLiant
.....
25
A
CRONYMS
.........................
27
R
ESOURCES
.......................
28
Video Streaming Technology
If a picture is worth a thousand words, then a video is worth a thousand pictures.
The
sights and sounds of video teach us, entertain us, and bring our fantasies to life. While
text, graphics, and animation provide for interesting content, people naturally gravitate
to the richer and more realistic experience of video.
That is because video—with audio—
adds the ultimate level of realism to human communication that people have come to
expect from decades of watching moving pictures in the real-world media of TV and
movies.
As all such real-world media continues to migrate toward "everything digital", video too
is becoming digital.
Video delivery has evolved from the analog videotape format of the
1980s to a digital format delivered via CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and computer networks.
As
a series of digital numbers, digital video has the advantage of not degrading from
generation to generation, and, because it can reside on a computer disk, it is easy to
store, search, and retrieve.
It can also be edited and easily integrated with other media
such as text, graphics, images, sound, music, as well as transmitted without any loss in
quality.
And now it is possible to deliver digital video over computer networks including
corporate Intranets and public Internets directly to desktop computers.
What makes this network delivery possible is the emergence of new technology called
“video-streaming”.
Video streaming takes advantage of new video and audio
compression algorithms as well as new real-time network protocols that have been
developed specifically for streaming multimedia.
With video streaming, files can play as
they are downloaded to the client, thus eliminating the necessity to completely download
the file before playing, as has been the case in the past.
This has the advantages of
playing sooner, not occupying as much disk space, minimizing copyright concerns, and
reducing the bandwidth requirements of the video.
This white paper discusses the salient characteristics of this new video-streaming
technology.
How the properties of human vision shape the requirements of the
underlying video technology.
How the high bit rate and high capacity storage needs of
video drives the demand for high video compression and high bandwidth networks.
How
the real-time nature of video demands the utmost in I/O performance for high levels of
sustained throughput.
How the characteristics of video streaming shapes the
requirements of video server hardware.
And finally, how Compaq video streaming
servers meet these demanding requirements through high performance I/O architectures
and the adherence to industry standards.
Please direct comments regarding this communication to the ECG Emerging Markets and Advanced Technology Group at: