Compaq ProLiant CL1850 The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve
Compaq ProLiant CL1850 Manual
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- Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 1
-pipeline and clock frequency ...5 Hyper-Threading Technology...7 NetBurst microarchitecture on 90nm silicon process technology 9 Extended hyper-pipeline...10 SSE3 instructions...10 64-bit extensions -Intel 64 ...10 Two-core technology ...11 Intel Core™ microarchitecture ...12 Processors...12 Xeon - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 2
successor x86 processors. Processor manufacturers such as Intel and AMD use a common processor architecture to maintain backward and forward compatibility of the instruction set among generations of their processors. Intel refers to its 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the x86 processor architecture as - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 3
Intel processor sequences are intended to help developers select the best processor for a particular platform design. Intel offers three processor number sequences for server applications (see Table 1). Intel processor series numbers within a sequence (for example, 5100 series) help differentiate - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 4
x86 processors, as well as processors projected to be available through 2009. Table 2. Release dates and features of Intel x86 processors Code Name Market name Feature size Description Available/ Projected Cache Max. transfer rate * (MT/s) Smithfield Pentium 90nm Two-core uni- 2H2005 - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 5
to the Pentium 4 and Xeon processors and later added support for 800 MHz to the Pentium 4. • Integer arithmetic logic unit (ALU) running at twice the clock speed (double data rate) • Modified floating point unit (FPU) • Streaming SIMD extension 2 (SSE2): New instructions bring the total to 144 SIMD - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 6
" of the microprocessor; the execution engine; and the retire unit (Figure 4). The front end fetches the instruction and decodes it into smaller instructions (commonly referred to as micro-ops). These decoded instructions are sent to one of the three types of execution units (integer, load/store, or - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 7
the pipeline, the more significant this problem becomes. Processor stalls often occur as a result of one instruction being dependent on another. If the which branch the program will follow. If the processor predicts the wrong code branch, it must flush the pipeline and start over again with the - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 8
1; therefore, to the extent that execution units are available, any of them can execute in parallel with those in Thread 1. As an example, instruction 2b must wait for instruction 1b, but does not need to wait for 1a. Similarly, if two arithmetic units are available, 4a and 4b can execute at the - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 9
CPU core frequencies (described below) • Enhanced execution units including the addition of a dedicated integer multiplier, and support for shift and rotate instruction execution on a fast ALU • Improved branch prediction to help compensate for longer pipeline • Streaming SIMD Extensions 3 (SSE3 - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 10
time. Using these instructions also simplifies coding complex arithmetic operations because fewer instructions are needed to accomplish the goal. The graphics group contains one instruction for video encoding and of 64-bit extensions. Red Hat, SUSE, and Microsoft provide AMD64 support and Intel 64 - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 11
Two-core technology Single-core processors that run multi-threaded applications become less cost effective with each increase in frequency. This is because the multiple threads compete for available compute resources, which limits the increase in performance at higher frequencies. Increasing the CPU - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 12
: • Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution enables delivery of more instructions per clock cycle to improve execution time and energy efficiency. Xeon 3000 Sequence processors use the Intel 3000 or 3010 chipsets which support Error Correction Code (ECC) memory for a high level of data integrity, reliability, - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 13
increase in processing capacity utilizing the Intel 5000 series chipsets. ProLiant 300 series servers use the Intel 5000P and 5000Z chipsets. These chipsets support 1066-MHz and 1333-MHz Two Independent Buses, DDR2 FB-DIMMs, and PCI Express I/O slots. The four-core Xeon 5400 series processor - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 14
to Tigerton and has a 16MB L3 "last level cache." Enhanced SpeedStep® Technology Four-core Intel Xeon 5300 and 7300 series processors support Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology. These processors have power state hardware registers that are available (exposed) to allow IT organizations to control - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 15
. Four-core Intel Xeon 5300 and 7300 series processors support Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x), which is a hardware enhancement designed to reduce this software overhead. Intel VT-x is a group of extensions to the x86 instruction set that affect the processor, memory, and local I/O address - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 16
per second (GT/s) with 2 bytes per transfer, or 12.8-GB/s in each direction for a total theoretical bandwidth of 25.6 GB/s. Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability (RAS features) of the QPI include self-healing links and clock fail-over. Each link has twenty 1-bit lanes that are grouped into - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 17
has a three-level cache hierarchy (Figure 11): • An on-die, 64-kilobyte, L1 cache that is split into two 32-kilobyte caches storing data and instructions • An individual, 256-kilobyte, L2 cache for each core for lower latency • A new inclusive, fully shared, Level 3 (L3) cache that can be up to - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 18
allows simultaneous processing of more instructions. HT Technology improves performance-per the Intel Core microarchitecture did not support HT Technology. Intel® Turbo Boost optimum frequency. When Turbo Boost is set to Manual, the user can manually disable cores using the BIOS (reboot required) - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 19
heat savings realized by disabling processor cores allows the remaining cores to run at a higher frequency than their rated speed. In specific application environments, this may actually increase overall system performance. • Addressing licensing issues. Some software is licensed on a per-core basis - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 20
Performance comparisons TPC-C performance The Transaction Processing Performance Council benchmark TPC-C results for Woodcrest, Clovertown, Tulsa, Nehalem, and Dunnington processors are compared in Figure 14. TPC-C is measured in transactions per minute (tpmC). Figure 14. TPC-C performance for Intel - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 21
Figure 15. SPEC CPU2006 performance for Intel processors showing percentage improvements compared to Woodcrest Conclusion Intel processors continue to provide dramatic increases in the processing capability of HP industrystandard servers. In addition to improved system performance, multi-core Intel - Compaq ProLiant CL1850 | The Intel processor roadmap for industry-standard serve - Page 22
Papers http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/Su pportManual/c00300430/c00300430.pdf www.hp.com services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries AMD and AMD Opteron are trademarks of Advanced
The Intel
®
processor roadmap for industry-
standard servers
technology brief, 10
th
Edition
Abstract
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2
Introduction
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2
Intel processor architecture and microarchitectures
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2
NetBurst
®
microarchitecture
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5
Hyper-pipeline and clock frequency
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5
Hyper-Threading Technology
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7
NetBurst microarchitecture on 90nm silicon process technology
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9
Extended hyper-pipeline
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10
SSE3 instructions
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10
64-bit extensions —Intel 64
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10
Two-core technology
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11
Intel Core™ microarchitecture
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12
Processors
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12
Xeon two-core processors
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12
Xeon four-core processors
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13
Enhanced SpeedStep® Technology
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14
Intel Virtualization® Technology
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15
Intel
®
Microarchitecture Nehalem
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15
Integrated memory controller
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15
Intel
®
QuickPath Technology
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16
Three-level cache hierarchy
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17
Intel
®
Hyper-Threading Technology
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18
Intel
®
Turbo Boost Technology
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18
Dynamic Power Management
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19
Performance comparisons
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20
TPC-C performance
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20
SPEC performance
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20
Conclusion
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For more information
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Call to action
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