Epson FX-80 User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1
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- Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 1
- Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 2
in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio and Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems." This booklet is available from FX-80, FX-100, RX-80, and RX-100 are trademarks of Epson America, Inc. HX-20 Notebook Computer is a trademark of Epson - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 3
Preface The User's Manual for the FX Series printers consists of two volumes: Tutorial and Reference. This volume, in either one. Conventions Used in This Manual We provide sample BASIC programs that allow you to see how various commands control the printer's capabilities. Frequently we start with a - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 4
between any two control codes that fall on one program line, as in: LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(52) If you use such a version of BASIC, you will need to add semicolons as appropriate. After the ESCape code-CHR$(27)-the FX always expects another code. The second code tells the printer which mode to - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 5
turns the mode on and "H" turns it off. To see how combining the code with a print string works, compare: 10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"G";"DOUBLE-STRIKE PRINT" G is not printed on the paper; instead, it is interpreted by the printer as part of the ESCape sequence. In long programs with DATA statements or - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 6
which prints as a left bracket ([) on FX printers. At the end of each chapter, a Summary section provides a concise review of the chapter's subject matter and a list of the control codes (if any) that have been covered. For listings of the control codes in numerical order and in functional groupings - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 7
16 Printer Preparation 17 Paper separator 17 Covers 18 Manual-feed knob 19 DIP switches 20 Ribbon Installation 23 Paper Loading 24 FX-80: built-in tractor feed 24 FX-80 and FX-100: friction feed 28 FX-80 and FX-100: removable tractor unit (optional on the FX-80 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 8
and BASIC basics 40 Control codes 41 Escape-CHR$(27)-and other CHR$ commands 42 Change Commands 44 Reset Code 45 Mode cancelling codes 45 DELete and CANcel 46 Alternate Formats for ESCape Sequences 46 Summary 47 3 Print Pitches 49 Dot-Matrix Printing 49 Main - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 9
95 Microscopic line spacing 98 Line Feeds 98 One-time, immediate line feed 99 Reverse feed (FX-80 only 99 Summary 101 8 Forms Control 103 Form Length Control 103 Form feed distance 103 Not-so-standard forms 105 Paper Perforation Skip 107 Skip command 107 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 10
channels 126 Summary 128 10 Introduction to Dot Graphics 131 Dots and Matrixes 131 Print Head 132 Graphics Mode 134 Graphics Programming Tips 143 Graphics and the Reset Code 144 Graphics and low ASCII codes 144 Density Varieties 145 High-Speed Double-Density - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 11
200 Character Definition 200 Design 201 Dots into DATA 202 Attribute byte 203 Proportional print 203 Printing User-Defined Characters 205 Downloading Command 207 Defining More Characters 207 Redefining Control Codes 208 Mode Strings 211 STRATA 212 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 12
16 Combining User-Defined Characters 215 Large Letters: Double Wide 215 Large Letters: Double High 217 Giant Letters: Double High and Double Wide . . . . . . 217 Core Sets 223 Line Graphics 225 Summary 226 17 Business Application 227 Preparation 227 Barchart 227 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 13
FX-80 and FX-100 printers 1-2 Printer parts 1-3 Paperpath 1-4 Paper separator 1-5 Protective lids 1-6 Tractor covers 1-7 Manual-feed knob 1-8 DIP switch vent 1-9 DIP switch location 1-10 DIP switch factory settings 1-11 Ribbon 43 3-1 Dot-matrix characters 49 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 14
line spacings 133 10-3 Pins labelled uniquely 136 10-4 Pin combinations 137 11-1 High-Speed Double-Density dots 147 11-2 No overlapping dots 147 11-3 Overlapping dots 148 11-4 Seven density modes 150 11-5 Nine-pin usage 153 11-6 Printout using bottom pin 154 11 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 15
161 12-2 STRATA logo 162 12-3 STRATA program 163 12-4 Corner of the FX-80 design 164 12-5 FX-80 figure 168 12-6 Program for FX-80 figure 168 12-7 FX-100 figure 169 12-8 Program for FX-100 figure 170 12-9 More distinct version 171 12-10 Most distict version 172 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 16
17-1 Barchart 228 17-2 Program for BARCHART 230 17-3 Statement form 232 17-4 Program for STATEMENT 234 xvi - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 17
of Tables 1-1 DIP switch functions 23 2-1 Several computers' print LIST commands . . . . . . 38 2-2 Several computers' printer activating commands . 40 2-3 ASCII codes on the FX 42 3-1 Summary of print pitches 60 4-1 Summary of modes 67 5-1 Master Select Quick Reference - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 18
FX Features Epson's MX series of printers attracted enough attention to become the most popular line of printers in the industry. Our FX printers follow in the same grand tradition. The FX printers figures, and illustrations l International character sets l Typewriter simulation mode with the FX-80™ - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 19
reach DIP switches to customize printer features. l Epson reliability, quality, and support In short, the FX is loaded with features that will challenge your ability to put them to work. This manual can help you use one or all of them. Inside the Printer The FX printers contain two kinds of internal - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 20
manual as a reference, a tutorial study guide, or some combination of the two. l For those of you who want to use the printer FX's advanced features at a later time. (You might, for instance, someday want to modify a word processing software package so that its printer driver uses special FX printer's - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 21
Think of the manual as your personal guide in your exploration of the FX's many features. For a preview of what your programs can produce, take a look at the following potpourri of print modes and graphics. 4 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 22
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interface boards, also purchased separately). 2. To use continuous-feed printer paper with pin-feed holes, set the friction-control lever and the paper bail toward the front of the printer. If you are using the FX-80, pull the paper under the plastic separator and through the paper path. If you - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 25
program, written in BASIC, that shows off a lot of the FX printer's features. The program can give you a good survey of print control. If you don't understand one or more features, you can check the index to find what part of this manual covers it. 10 N=29: E$=CHR$(27): H$=CHR$(137) 20 LPRINT - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 26
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manual is for. But this brief, line-by-line description should help those of you who wish to analyze the program. 10 Stores values in variables for easy access. E$ holds the ESCape code set. 50 Prepares the printer to redefine characters "0" lines 30 through 70.) 80 Turns on the Unidirectional Print - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 28
of the X. 170 Turns off Expanded and Emphasized Modes and prints SERIES in Superscript Mode and then prints the right side of the border. 180 Prints the bottom half of the FX letters. 190 Turns OFF the codes, prints PRINTERS in Subscript, then prints a border. 200 Prints borders. 210 Prints borders - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 29
280 Returns the printer to its defaults. 300-330 Provides data for the FX letters as user-defined characters 0-3. 350-410 Provides data for the ticket borders. 12 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 30
of the parts. With the FX-80 or FX-100 printer, you should receive the items shown in Figure 1-1: 1. The printer itself 2. A manual-feed knob 3. A paper separator 4. Two protective lids 5. One ribbon cartridge (in a box) 6. This FX Series Printer User's Manual The FX-80 has a tractor built into its - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 31
Figure 1-1. The FX-80 and FX-100 printers 14 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 32
Figure 1-2. Printer parts 15 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 33
FX. Your Epson dealer stocks a variety of FX interface boards as well as cables. Printer paper. FX printers are designed to accommodate several types and sizes of paper. Both printers For the FX-80, you may purchase an optional rollpaper holder. Printer Location Naturally, your printer must sit - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 34
ve found a good home for FX, you'll need to do some preparing before you can print. This section describes the first steps, which include installing a few parts, checking the setting of some internal switches, and then inserting the ribbon cartridge. Note: The printer should be turned OFF during all - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 35
- tion, FX printers use two types of covers. When you use the friction feed on either the FX-80 or the FX-100 or the built-in tractor on the FX-80, use the (one tab per side on the FX-80, two on the FX-100). Fit the left side of the lid over the friction-control lever (you may need to slightly bow - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 36
the cover, move it to its full vertical position and then lift it up and a little to the left. Figure 1-5. Protective lids Figure 1-6. Tractor cover Manual-feed knob The manual-feed knob (Figure 1-7) can aid you in loading and adjusting paper. To install the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 37
with a steady pressure. To remove, pull straight out. Figure 1-7. Manual-feed knob DIP switches Several tiny switches, called DIP (for Dual In-line Package) switches, are located inside the FX. They control a number of important printer functions, such as line-feed adjustment, the paper-out sensor - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 38
Figure 1-8. DIP switch vent 21 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 39
switch location Figure 1-10. DIP switch factory settings Always turn the power off (with the switch on the left side of the printer) before touching any internal switch. The printer checks most switch settings only at power-up. If you make changes when the power is on, they may be ignored until - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 40
take advantage of the internal 2K buffer. Ribbon installation First, be sure the printer is turned off and move the print head to the middle of the platen. Remove the ribbon cartridge from its packing materials. Holding the cartridge by the plastic fin on the top, guide the pair of tabs at each 23 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 41
To refresh your memory about names of the parts, refer back to Figure 1-2. FX-80: built-in tractor feed The FX-80's built-in tractor will accommodate 9½- to 10-inch wide continuous-feed paper with pin-feed holes. You should have few problems loading it if you follow these instructions carefully. 24 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 42
Figure 1-11. Ribbon insertion 25 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 43
lid. l Pull the paper bail and the friction-control lever toward the front of the printer. Your printer should now look like Figure 1-12. l Adjust the start by positioning your paper directly beneath or behind the printer, as in Figure 1-14, so that the paper won't kink or pull - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 44
Figure 1-13. Pin feeder adjustment very important to keep the paper straight so that the pins on both sides engage at the same time. If the paper does not move smoothly, remove it by reversing the manual-feed knob and start again with an unwrinkled sheet. Figure 1-14. Loading the FX-80 27 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 45
ready to set the top of form, as shown at the end of this section. l The friction-control should remain toward the front of the printer as long as the tractor is used. FX-80 and FX-100: friction feed The friction feed is for paper without pin-feed holes. Before using the friction feed - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 46
control mechanism by pushing the frictioncontrol lever to the back. l Guide the paper under the paper separator and the platen with your left hand, while turning the manual add the tractor unit to either the FX-80 or the FX-100, hold the tractor unit over the printer with the gears to your right as - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 47
sides of the tractor assembly are firmly in place. Rock the front of the unit downward, pressing firmly until it locks into place. Figure 1-16. Tractor unit installation Figure 1-17. Hook and stud 30 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 48
the front protective lid to move the print head to the middle of the platen. l Pull the paper bail and the friction-control lever toward the front of the printer (refer back to Figure 1-12). l Insert the paper under the paper separator and the platen and push the paper through to the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 49
slightly below the top of the ribbon. The relationship between the perforation and the printhead is the same on both models of the printer, as you can see in Figure you are not done. The printer will not recognize the top of form until the next time you turn it on. The FX considers a form to be 66 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 50
, be sure to fasten the wires to the grounding screws at each end. With the paper loaded, turn the printer on with the toggle switch at the left-rear comer of the FX. You get a little dance from the print head and three lights go on: the POWER light, the READY light - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 51
Figure 1-20. Paper thickness adjustment 34 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 52
1-21. Cable connection Control panel When the control panel's ON LINE light is on, the printer and computer are in FX a form feed. Remember that the ON LINE light has to be off for the FF and LF buttons to work. The FX tests itself Now it's time to see how your new FX operates. If you're using an FX - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 53
. If you plan to use your FX printer primarily for word processing or with some other commercial software, you are now ready to follow the printer set-up instructions in your software menu or manual. Because most software packages include set-up routines for dot matrix printers, this set up may be - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 54
Chapter 2 BASIC and the Printer While you read this manual, you'll be testing your FX with programs in the BASIC language. You can, of course, use another language with your printer; see Appendixes A through D for the ASCII and ESCape codes that your software manual will explain how to use. Here we - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 55
with compatibility problems between printers and computers. (To compare your computer's version of the ASCII table with the FX's version, see your computer manual and this manual's Appendix A.) You can usually overcome the code inconsistencies by sending control codes for advanced printer functions - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 56
, CHR$(84). The character-string command follows a PRINT or LPRINT command and causes your computer system to send an ASCII code to the computer's screen or to the printer. What gets printed or performed is determined by the particular modified ASCII table that is used by your system. Where the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 57
to your computer. Then type RUN. With any luck, you will get an Italic capital A on the printer: If nothing prints, it's time to double-check your computer manual and cable connections. Make sure the printer is ON LINE and the READY light is lit. ASCII and BASIC basics If you end up - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 58
several printers' instruction sequences allow such options as using "0" (quote-zero-quote) in place of CHR$(O). Besides mentioning some of these solutions within the text of this User's Manual, we have written a troubleshooting appendix, Appendix F. Control codes Enough talking about problems. Here - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 59
, even the extended range of codes (0 - 255) is inadequate if only single-code CHR$ instructions can be used. Because of this, Epson has designed the FX printer's logic to understand special sequences of control codes, the ESCape code sequences. You use these code sequences to select one or more - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 60
examples of ESCape code sequences: LPRINT CHR which includes "Conven- tions Used in This Manual," this is the time to do it. Especially important now are the passages the modes on FX printers: nearly all modes stay on until turned off. We will alert you to the few exceptions. If your printer is printing - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 61
graphics, as discussed in Chapter 11.) Then the FX processes the line, one character at a time. As the printer encounters characters and codes, it prints text characters on the page and activates the print modes according to the control codes. If you understand the concepts of defaults and buffering - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 62
everything to its start-up condition. If you have several different modes active in the printer at one time, they are all shut off by the ESCape CHR$(64). Mode cancelling codes The FX printer also provides specific codes to turn off each mode separately. For example, an ESCape CHR$(53) turns off the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 63
control codes. CANcel, which is CHR$(24), is a slightly more powerful code. It removes all the text currently in the buffer, but it also does not affect the control codes. These codes can send the Reset Code with CHR$(27)CHR$(64). Because the @ symbol is the ASCII equivalent of 64, this command can - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 64
or action to occur on the FX printer. You turn on an FX mode by using the ESCape code and adding to it either the character-string command and an appropriate FX control code or else the ASCII equivalent of the control code enclosed by quotation marks. Nearly all printer modes stay active until they - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 65
See the Preface for a list of the conventions used in this manual, Appendix A for a table of the ASCII codes, and Appendixes B and C for tables of the control codes. Appendix F offers programming solutions to interfacing problems, while Appendix E lists the defaults and shows the DIP switch settings - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 66
be letters of the alphabet, numbers, or symbols, are stored in the printer's read-only memory (ROM). The FX's dot matrix is nine rows of dots high and six columns of dots wide. Look at any letter on your printout-it's made up of a series of dots. And, as you can see in Appendix A, every letter fits - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 67
each of the different column positions of the matrix, then fire the appropriate pins. Electrical impulses cause the FX to fire pins at the paper. As a pin is fired, it presses against the ribbon to produce one dot of the matrix. At each position, the printer fires only the pins that are necessary to - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 68
does not give quite enough detail for the highest quality characters, an FX prints some dots half way between the main columns in the 6-dot-wide matrix. This enhancement results in a matrix grid that is actually 11 dots wide-6 main columns with 5 intermediate columns. You can count the 11 positions - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 69
same row. There is a reason for this: the printer's speed. The FX recalls a character's dot-matrix pattern from ROM and prints it in 1/160th of a character set. The FX can also print characters in an Elite pitch (12 cpi). When you print in Pica on the FX-80, you can get up to 80 characters on a line - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 70
. Notice that, because Pica is the factory-set default, it comes on whenever you turn the printer on (unless you've changed the pitch default by changing a DIP switch). Compressed Mode To see a third handy print pitch that is available on FX printers, replace your current program with this one: 53 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 71
that it also resets all other current printer modes to the defaults. The FX gives you a choice of resetting codes one at a time or all at once. At 17.16 characters per inch, Compressed Mode is the narrowest character pitch available on FX printers. FX-80 users can fit 132 Compressed characters into - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 72
control codes, for instance, by using the Compressed shut-off code: CHR$(18). Then you could return to Compressed with either of the usual commands-CHR$(15) or ESCape" @ "-or by turning the printer the manual we use the format that combines the command with the print string. The printer will - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 73
Don't take this lesson lightly-it is a good example of how print modes interact on FX printers. Pitch Mode Combinations The previous three modes can't be mixed, but the next mode can be used in combination with any one of them. And - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 74
"CONTINUOUSLY WITH ESCAPE W" 50 LPRINT CHR$(27)"W"CHR$(0) The printer extends the dot matrix by spreading the dots horizontally to twice their normal distances apart, and then it adds a duplicate of each dot to the next main dot column (see Figure 3-7). Figure 3-7. Pica and Expanded letters Those - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 75
CHR$(27)"@CHARACTERS" YOU CAN PRINT PICA COMPRESSED AND ELIT CHARACTERS EXPANDED: E Most of the FX modes stay on continuously, and so your program must turn off each mode when you are finished $(27)"M AND ELITE 70 LPRINT CHR$(14)"EXPANDED" 80 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@CHARACTERS ON THE SAME LINE" 58 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 76
40, and Compressed stays on until the Reset Code turns it off in line 80. It gets replaced (masked) in line 60 when the program turns on Elite Mode, which has a higher priority. Since doubling the width of the three standard pitches adds more dots to the matrix of each character, doubling gives you - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 77
Table 3-1. Summary of print pitches Here is the DIP switch that we mentioned in this chapter: Switch 1-1 Allows you to change the pitch default from Pica to Compressed Here is a list of the commands that we introduced in this chapter, listed in the order of their appearance: CHRS(27) "M" Turns - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 78
of the printed characters to achieve six different print pitches. The FX printer also offers several modes that improve print quality without affecting pitch. the direction the print head moves before it prints the overlapping dots. Double-Strike Mode The Double-Strike Mode prints each line twice - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 79
Strike turn off. Then the FX shifts the paper up slightly and prints the Double-Strike passage again. This means that every dot in each row of the call Emphasized print. As in Double-Strike, each character gets two sets of dots. In Emphasized, however, the print head does not make two passes and does - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 80
that Expanded Mode prints a duplicate set of dots a full (rather than a half) column print head slows to half normal speed (i.e., 80 cps) in Emphasized Mode, the increase in with DIP switch 1-5. This adjustment will make the printer automatically reset to Emphasized Mode, after which you can - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 81
characters? It's because most dot-matrix printers use a uniform width for m and w. Now the FX offers you a Proportional Mode on a dot-matrix printer. In this mode characters $(27) "p0"; 70 LPRINT "!!!!!PROPORTIONAL OFF" 80 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@" Lines 10 and 40 print printer back into the mode that it was - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 82
on the ribbon. Understandably, these dense modes shorten the life of a ribbon compared to attain a higher level of control over your printer. With the many modes available on the FX, there are enough mode two overlapping dots cannot be printed in the same row. Since the FX prints Emphasized in - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 83
the printer will prove that Double-Strike has been turned on all the time. Add lines 30 and 50, and make some changes to line 70: 30 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 84
other modes except Proportional, whereas Emphasized, and thus Proportional, cannot be combined with either Elite or Compressed. Mode combinations are governed by the FX's priority list. This list determines which mode gets printed when two or more conflicting modes are active at the same time. Table - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 85
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Mode In the old days, dot-matrix printers could not underline words. Even in the not-so-old days, printer users like you had to use FX. It has a built-in Underline Mode that makes underlining very easy. You can toggle the control code for Underline, ESCape "-", on and off just as you toggle the code - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 87
FX underlining looks like: NEW 20 LPRINT CHR$(27)"-1UNDERLINING IS SIMPLE"; 40 LPRINT CHR$(27)"-0 TO TURN ON/OFF" You can underline virtually anything you want-even a series FX's underline character. Since the underline character is itself only five dots model of FX that is printing. The FX-100 prints - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 88
capability to place the underline one row lower than any text dot. To do this, the FX-80 prints the text to be underlined, moves the print head down printer uses, delete line 10 and replace line 30: 30 FOR X=1 TO 5: LPRINT CHR$(l03);: NEXT x UNDERLINING IS SIMPLEggggg TO TURN ON/OFF On the FX-80, - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 89
happens because Script prints in Double-Strike, for which FX printers use two passes. After one pass to print the characters on the current print line, the print head moves down the page one-third of a dot to print the second set of dots. The FX-80 can use reverse feed to return to the original - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 90
only the Italic Mode, you use ESCape "5" (instead of line 70's Reset Code) in your program. More Mode Combinations With all the handsome print types we've print combinations are waiting in your FX. Well, hang onto your hat. By combining the various print modes, the FX can print text in 128 type - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 91
56): LPRINT CHR$(27)"!8" Because this latter format is the ultimate in simplicity, we use it in Table 5-1 below. You can find the Master Select code for any valid combination of pitch and weight by reading across in the row for the pitch you have selected and down in the column - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 92
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the Master Select also overrides the DIP switch settings, you use the same codes even if you have reset some of the DIP switches. Master Select with any of the 16 Master Select modes. Four times 16 gives you 64 combinations. The other eight combinations that involve Super- and Subscript Modes can - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 94
that does just that, several times. NEW 18 N=4: GOSUB 70: LPRINT CHR$(27)"S1THE FX"CHR$(27)"T" 20 N=17: GOSUB 70: LPRINT CHR$(27)"-1PRINTERS" 30 N=8: GOSUB 70: the ESCape codes for Subscript (line 10), Underline (line 20), and Italic (line 50) Modes. The Reset in line 60 returns the printer to its - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 95
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Here are the commands that we introduced in this chapter. CHR$(27)"-1" Turns Underline Mode ON CHR$(27)"-0" Turns Underline OFF CHR$(27)"Sl" Turns Subscript Mode ON. Script characters print in Double-Strike and at half speed CHR$(27)"S0" Turns Superscript ON CHR$(27)"T" Turns either - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 97
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Chapter 6 Special Printing Features In this chapter you'll discover several new features that will enhance your control over the printer. Backspacing, for example, allows you to combine characters. You can use a set of software commands to switch in and out of international character sets, and - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 99
in Spanish that is called a tilde. You backspace the print head by using CHR$(8), then force a partial line feed by using Escape" J"CHR$(ll). The FX prints the second tilde just below the first one to form the desired figure. offsets The backspace function works in all pitches, which opens up - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 100
NEXT X 50 LPRINT CHR$(18)"BACKSPACE" After the FX prints each BACKSPACE, it moves the print head 15 slightly misaligned. The printer has a Unidirectional Mode to prevent such problems . To see how $(27)"@" Line 20 sets the line spacing to seven dots and the left margin to 40. To create the vertical - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 101
Figure 6-1. Bidirectional line Look carefully at your printout or at the version we show as Figure 6-1. See how the line seems to quiver? Now turn on Unidirectional printing to see how much difference it makes. Add line 10 and RUN the program again: 10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"Ul" Figure 6-2. Unidirectional - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 102
of this chapter to create the approximately equal sign? Well, that tilde is only one of the many uncommon characters that are stored in the FX as components of the nine international character sets. We mentioned the international character sets in Chapter 1, when we explained that the factory-set - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 103
here as Table 6-2) displays the special symbols of each set (if you have problems, consult Appendix F). NEW 10 DIM ARRAY (12): LPRINT CHR$(27)"M" 20 ARRAY(X): NEXT X 60 DATA 35,36,64,91,92,93,94,96,123,124,125,126 70 FOR Y=0 TO 8: LPRINT CHR$(27)"R"CHR$(Y); 80 READ C$: LPRINT C$CHR$(137)CHR$(14); - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 104
characters; you'll probably want to keep the printout handy. You can also print international characters in Italic Mode. Change these two lines: 80 READ C$: LPRINT C$CHR$(l37)CHR$(l4)CHR$(27)"4"; 100 NEXT X: LPRINT CHR$(27)"5": NEXT Y to get the result shown in Table 6-3: Table 6-3. International - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 105
to use one of the foreign sets all the time, you can change your printer's default. The factory setting of a default international character set-for the USA-is You can control the speed of the FX's printing in a couple of ways. You can set it to print at half its usual speed, and FX-80 users can - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 106
extra-dense printing. But why would you want to make the printer work at half its normal speed? The main advantage to Half-Speed printing is a quieter run (e.g., for those late night printing sessions). Immediate-Print Mode (FX-80 only) The FX-80 can move even more slowly-at the speed of your typ - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 107
this line: 10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"i1" And RUN the program. Your FX-80 responds to your typing-immediately. When you are finished, press RETURN alone You can select any one of the nine international character sets by using the control code sequence given below; or you can designate any one of eight of the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 108
)"i1" CHR$(27)"i0" Turns Half-Speed ON; If your system can't send lowercase letters, use CHR$(115) CHR$(1) Turns Half-Speed OFF For the FX-80 only, turns Immediate-Print Mode ON. If your system can't send lowercase letters, use CHR$(105)CHR$(l). Turns Immediate-Print Mode OFF 91 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 109
- Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 110
point in the manual, we have not discussed the way the printer moves a page same for every application, or even every line. The FX gives you three types of commands to change the size line feed is equivalent to 12 rows of dots in the standard character matrix (Figure 7-1), we call this 12dot line - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 111
Figure 7-1. Default line spacing To see 12-dot spacing, reset the printer (to clear any previous modes), and enter: NEW 20 FOR X=0 to 4 30 LPRINT TAB(6*X)"STAIR STEPS" 40 NEXT X 94 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 112
the three line spacing commands shown above mainly for convenience. Besides printing in the preset 7-, 9-, and l2dot spacing, the FX allows you to vary line feeds from 0 to 85 dots worth (0/7-inch to 85/72-inch). ESCape"A"CHR$(n), where n represents n/72-inch, changes the distance that a line feed - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 113
To show what varying n can mean, the following program increases the line spacing by one dot's worth on each line feed: 20 FOR X=8 TO 24 30 LPRINT TAB(X)"STAIR"CHR$(27)"A"CHR$(X+128) STEPS" 40 13 in character-string commands, we have used X+128 in the linespacing command to avoid those problems. 96 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 114
you specify any 72nd of an inch (from 0 - 85) and since each dot of a dot matrix fills l/72-inch, you can use this command instead of the preset commands that we covered above. You can set So these line spacing commands are simply telling the printer just how many dots to space between the lines. 97 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 115
(center to center). That means the printer can position a specific line one-third of a dot lower than the previous line. In control in your vertical formatting. You can use this control to fine-tune your graphics printouts. If the 7-dot line an FX-80, you can send a reverse line feed to make the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 116
STEPS begins to sag below STAIR?), and then a standard 12-dot line feed plus carriage return at the end of each line. To summarize, the ESCape "J" does not require a shut-off code as the other line-feed control codes do: the FX executes it once, then forgets it. Another difference between this line - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 117
Figure 7-3. Staggering STAIR STEPS 100 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 118
the numeric equivalent of " j "--CHR$(106). Don't use reverse feed with mailing labels in the printer-they can either move on their gummed paper or peel off and get stuck inside the FX. Summary The FX provides line spacing in increments of 0/72- to 85/72inch and 0/216- to 255/216-inch. You - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 119
Table 7-1. Line-spacing commands 102 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 120
, the positioning of the print head at the top of each page, and the printer's response to your use of single sheets of paper. Form Length Control The FX's default form feed is 66 lines, which (in the default 12-dot line spacing) equals the length of a standard form: 11 inches. When you want - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 121
off and feed the paper through (using the manual-feed knob) until a perforation lines up with the top of the ribbon (see Figure 8-1 or consult Chapter 1). Figure 8-1. Setting the top of form Turn on the printer. The FX will now remember this position on the paper as the top of form. Each form - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 122
form length, say 2 or 14 inches? The printer has no way of measuring the length of your paper. You must tell the FX about your shorter (or longer) form. The head on the paper. It works just as if you'd turned the printer off and on, but without the resetting of other defaults that happens when - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 123
Figure 8-2. Two-inch form feed Check it by changing your program lines as shown below and RUNning the program again; see if your printout matches Figure 8-3. 10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"C"CHR$(2); 30 LPRINT "TWO-LINE FORM"CHR$(12); Figure 8-3. Two-line form feed 106 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 124
others in which you can't control the process with a BASIC program. A good example of the latter is printing a listing of a long BASIC program. If your computer system's LLIST command doesn't automatically skip perforations, most printers can't compensate. Your FX, however, can; it can automatically - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 125
Make sure the perforation is even with the top of the ribbon (as in Figure 8-1), reset the printer, then type: NEW 10 LPRINT CHR$(27)"N"CHR$(6); 20 FOR Figure 8-4. Standard skip The CHR$(27)"N"CHR$(6) in line 10 tells the printer to skip 6 lines (1 inch), which moves the paper across the perforation - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 126
default feature on your printer. Nothing could be easier. Turn the printer off (so that your new setting will take effect when you turn the FX on again). Now remove before proceeding. Single-Sheet Adjustment For instructions on loading single sheets of paper into the friction feeder, refer back to - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 127
your FX printer and run to the end of the form, the paper-out sensor prevents the printer from accidentally printing on the platen. The sensor automatically sounds the beeper and shuts down the printing until you load another sheet and continue. While the sensor saves wear of print head, ribbon, and - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 128
off, either by changing DIP switches or by sending the printer ASCII codes as summarized below. Switch 2-2 When on; activates the conjunction with CHR$(27)"8", turns the paper-out sensor back ON CHR$(27)"@" The Reset Code resets the form length to 11 inches, the top of form to the current line, - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 129
112 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 130
trouble with lowercase characters. Here are the ground rules. The allowed values for n on the FX-80 range from 0 to 78 for Pica, 0 to 93 for Elite, and 0 to 133 for Compressed Mode. On the FX-100 the ranges are 0 to 134 for Pica, 0 to 160 for Elite, and 0 to 229 for Compressed. The printer - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 131
9-2? The left margin is still set at 10, and it will stay at this setting either until it is reset by some software code or until the printer is turned off. Margins and pitches Margin settings are not affected by changing the width of the print after they are set. This means - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 132
Figure 9-2. Listing at new margin and then switch to Compressed, the left margin stays the same distance from the edge of the paper. To see an example, type: LPRINT CHR$ ( 15) and then your computer's print listing command. Figure 9-3 shows the page with this addition. Figure 9-3. Absolute left - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 133
spaces. Right margin The general format for the right margin is: CHR$(27)"Q"CHR$(n) For the FX-80, n can range from 2 to 80 in Pica, 3 to 96 in Elite, and 4 to 137 in Compressed Mode. For the FX-100, n can range from 2 to 136 in Pica, 3 to 163 in Elite, and 4 to 233 in - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 134
current left margin (which is still set at 10). Remember, the FX simply ignores impossible settings. Use a workable number to reset the right margin right margin setting to increase your printing width in Compressed Mode on the FX-80. The default right margin in that mode is 132, which is slightly - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 135
or so that the tabs vary. You may also set vertical tabs in sets, called channels. In this manual, we often use the terms column and row to refer to the positioning of dots .within a matrix or, in graphics, on a page. In this chapter we will use the terms column and row instead - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 136
Horizontal tab usage The FX has the ability suit your needs more closely, but first let's see how the printer's tabs work. You can move the print head from any position on the print line to the next tab stop with the ASCII horizontal tab code, CHR$(9). You use CHR$(9)-or CHR$(137) if 9 is a number - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 137
make adjustments if you want to have a column of numbers line up. Test this out on your machine with the following changes: 70 FOR J=l TO 9 80 LPRINT H$;J; 90 NEXT J: LPRINT Figure 9-7 shows the text heading (TOP) centered above each column of numbers. Since each column is three spaces wide and each - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 138
where n, and nk stand for the first and last of a series of new tab stops, and the CHR$(O) informs the printer that you are through setting tabs. The FX can store up to 32 tab stops; you may specify one not reset the margins, for the FX-80 this is: 79 in Pica, 95 in Elite, and 131 in Compressed. 121 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 139
For the FX-100 this is: 135 in Pica a tab. Since in line 70 you specified a tab stop (H$) with no text string, the printer moved to the second stop. Second, this figure shows that the tabs are set absolutely. Although . With the vertical tab code, CHR$(ll), you move from tab to tab. You can use 122 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 140
vertical tabs Most often you probably will only need one series of vertical tabs. You set them with ESCape "B" in when the line spacing is less than three dots (3/72-inch). Because the top line of vertical tabbing code as V$. Then line 20 specifies the six lines to which the printer will tab. - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 141
the number of spaces that we have indicated with MS, the entries will line up neatly. 50 LPRINT V$;"LOCATION" 60 LPRINT ADDRESS:" 70 LPRINT CITY 80 LPRINT STATE:" Your printout should look like Figure 9-11. 124 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 142
example, suppose you want to add to this form a graphics logo that uses special line spacing. If you forget to return to 12-dot spacing before the FX prints the next text after the logo, the line spacing will go awry-but each tab stop will remain the same distance from the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 143
uses the Reset Code to return the FX to 12-dot spacing. RUNning this program produces a printout to match Figure 9-12. Figure 9-12. Absolute vertical tabs Be sure to delete line 25 after you've seen - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 144
be stored. If you have already stored a set using ESCape "B", the FX has labelled it as channel 0. If your system won't send lowercase terminate the setting process. Because the channels are stored, you must make the printer recall one before you can use it. You use this format: CHR$(27)"/"CHR - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 145
Figure 9-13. Printout of multipage channels Summary The FX gives you the ability to set margins and to use in the current pitch. The default vertical tabs occur at every other line in 12-dot line spacing. All tabs are absolute once set; subsequent changes in pitch or line spacing do not change - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 146
) in place of "1" .) Limits are 0 - 78 in Pica, 0 - 93 in Elite, and 0 133 in Compressed CHR$(27)"Q"CHR$(n) Sets the right margin to n. Limits are 2 - 80 in Pica, 3 - 96 in Elite, and 4 - 137 in Compressed CHR$(9) or CHR$(137)Moves the print head to the next horizontal tab. CHR$(11) Moves - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 147
130 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 148
use the computer and printer to express your artistic ideas. Think of the page as a series of matrixes. For an FX-80 page and Pica characters, for example, you can calculate the number of main columns across a page by multiplying: 80 matrixes wide X 6 columns per matrix = 480 dots per row Then - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 149
multiplication: 480 main columns X 792 rows gives you a grand total of 380,160 dot positions per FX-80 page. And that doesn't even take into account intermediate columns, the FX-100's ability to print 136 Pica matrixes, or both models' ability to use graphics density settings to increase the number - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 150
gaps between the graphics lines, just as it does between text lines. To avoid such gaps in your pattern, adjust the line spacing to 7-or8- dot and print consecutive lines until the figure is complete. Figure 10-2 shows a before and after example (we work with this pattern later). Figure 10 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 151
of the page. An 8-inch page can hold up to 480 Single-Density graphics dots per row. But since the BASIC CHR$ function is limited to numbers from You use the two sets of numbers together to send large numbers to the printer. The first number that you specify (n1) indicates a number of columns (0- - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 152
dots on the FX-80 and up to 12 times 256 (or 3072) on the FX-100. Actually, the FX-80 will accept numbers larger than 7 for n2, but it is pointless to send them because the printer that the FX does have Graphics Modes of greater density. Some systems, such as those for the IBM-PC and the Epson QX-10 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 153
corresponds to one of the eight data lines from the computer, and each data line corresponds to one bit in a binary number. The place values in a binary number are nothing more than the series made up of powers of two. Figure 10-4 shows how you use a decimal sum-74to fire a particular pattern - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 154
appropriate label numbers together, you can fire any combination of pins you want. Now you can see why not being able to send an ASCII code above 127 is the same as not being able to fire the top pin. First Graphics Programs The next few exercises show you what you - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 155
which prints as a left bracket ([) on the FX. Straight line Your first testing of the FX's graphics potential will consist of firing the bottom graphics use CHR$(8). This program deserves a full discussion: Line 10 prepares the printer to accept 100 columns of graphics data. Line 20 starts a loop - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 156
good habit to develop. Notice that the printer doesn't print each time it receives a CHR$(l). The FX stores data in its print buffer until bit systems). Here's how it works. To exercise the pins in a pattern (a slash) that shows off their placement, enter: NEW 40 LPRINT CHR$(27)"K"CHR$(7)CHR$(0); 80 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 157
to 7-dot-or 8-dot spacing if you can use the top pin. Add line 10 to make your listing look like this: 10 F=0: LPRINT CHR$(27)"1" 20 FOR L=l TO 2 30 FOR J=0 TO 9 40 LPRINT CHR$(27)"K"CHR$(14)CHR$(0); 50 GOSUB 80: F=1-F: GOSUB 80 60 NEXT J: LPRINT: NEXT L 70 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@": END 80 FOR - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 158
programs in this manual use this line spacing. Diamond pattern In this next and final version of the program, you exercise even more control over the slashes into the picture? The one in line 80 changes the length of the slashes. The one in line 90 controls the direction and height. The IF-THEN in - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 159
: CHR$(27)"K"CHR$(n 1)CHR$(n2); Enters Single-Density Graphics Mode and specifies width setting. Width = n,+256*n, where n1 is 0 - 255 and n2 is 0 - 7 on the FX-80 and 0 - 12 on the FX-100 Note: Single-Density graphics dots are printed 60 per inch horizontally and 72 per inch vertically. 142 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 160
of Graphics Density We introduced you to FX graphics by having you use SingleDensity Graphics Mode is 15, send a CHR$(15) to the printer: NEW 20 A$=CHR$(27)+"K"+CHR$(l00)+CHR$(0) 30 B$=CHR$(l5) 40 LPRINT A$;: FOR X=1 TO 100: LPRINT B$;: NEXT X 80 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@" Sure enough, CHR$(l5) fires - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 161
that the graphics design is printed before the program reaches the Reset Code in line 80. To let the program finish, press your carriage-return key. text. The problem again is that most computer systems handle some of these codes in a special way instead of delivering them to the printer. For - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 162
numbers with similar patterns, or you can POKE the trouble codes directly to the FX. Learning how to cope with these problems is part of learning how to use the printer with your system. See Appendix F for help. Density Varieties The FX printer offers you the 16 text densities that we printed out - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 163
one drawback. Because the dots are so closely packed, two dots in the same row cannot appear in two consecutive columns. In the above program we avoided the problem by never calling up one dot twice in succession. If you try to print two consecutive dots, the printer simply ignores the second one - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 164
Pattern Prints as (Overlapping dots) In double-density mode at High Speed Figure 11-1. High-Speed Double-Density dots To check this out, pins 1 through 7: 30 B$=CHR$(127)+CHR$(42) As Figure 11-2 shows, the repeated dots, the ones called for by the CHR$(42)-pins 2, 4, and 6-are not printed at - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 165
Low-Speed Double-Density Graphics Mode Ah, but the FX has a special print mode to take care of this very problem. It's called the Low-Speed Double-Density Graphics Mode. Change the 2 of line 20 to a columns are printed as requested. LOW-SPEED DOUBLE-DENSITY GRAPHICS Figure 11-3. Overlapping dots 148 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 166
QUADRUPLE-DENSITY GRAPHICS In Quadruple-Density Graphics Mode, any FX can print 480 times 4 (or 1920) columns of dots on a single 8-inch line and the FX-100 can print 816 times 4 (or 3264) columns # ";M;" "; 60 LPRINT A$;: FOR X=1 TO 60: LPRINT B$;: NEXT X 70 LPRINT: NEXT M 80 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@" 149 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 167
affect graphics density. Table 11-1 describes them. More Graphics Programming Tips The next two sections discuss two modes that the FX offers to help you solve potential graphics problems. A reassigning code allows you to change the density for graphics programs that use one of the four alternate - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 168
$(27)"Z" 240 dots per inch; 8 1920 dots per 8" line; 3 3264 dots per 13.6"line The printer does not print consecutive dots in any one row. Epson QX-10 4 none One-to-one none 5 (plotter) Matches the screen 8 density of the QX-10: 80 dots per inch; 640 dots per 8" iine; 1088 dots per 13 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 169
dumps, printing 9 pins at a time can speed up the process considerably, For this purpose, the FX has a special 9-Pin Graphics Mode (it won't, however, work with 7-bit computer systems). In this mode the printer takes 2 bytes to fire all 9 pins-as shown in Figure 11-5. Since computers are faster than - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 170
First byte Second byte Figure 11-5. Nine-pin usage (Use CHR$(94) if you can't generate the caret symbol (^) from your system.) The d determines the density of the graphics: d set to 0 produces Single-Density; d set to 1 produces Double-Density. In this format, n1 and n2 represent the usual width - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 171
to define each 9-dot pin pattern: the first byte determines the pattern of the top 8 pins in the usual way and only the top bit of the second byte )+CHR$(128) 60 LPRINT A$;: FOR X=1 TO 30: LPRINT B$;: NEXT X 80 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@" Figure 11-6. Printout using bottom pin Compare this with the densities - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 172
these lines to the program: 20 A$=CHR$(27)+"K"+CHR$(14)+CHR$(0) 30 LPRINT A$; 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 3 31 126 112 92 33 5 7 63 124 11-7. Curling design 40 FOR X=1 TO 14 60 LPRINT CHR$(N); 70 NEXT X 80 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@": END Perfect! Just like the design. Repeated patterns Now how would - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 173
the number of repetitions right into the DATA lines, coded as a negative number. Then change the READ routine to test for a negative number. When the program reads a negative number, it transfers control to a special subroutine that does the repeating. (Or you could use a - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 174
on problems that may arise from software interfacing when you try to send codes that represent added-up pin labels. After this general discussion, we introduced two new graphics densities that have specific commands. You can print Double-Density at one of two speeds: 160 cps (High) and 80 cps - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 175
and specifies the width setting. Width = n1 + (256*n2), where n1 is 0 - 255 and n2 is 0 - 7 CHR$(27)"?s"CHR$(n) Reassigns an alternate code to a new code number so that it produces a different Graphics Mode, where s is the sequence letter K, L, Y, or Z and n is 0 - 6 CHR$(27) "^" CHR$(d)CHR$(n1)CHR - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 176
code the few necessary pin patterns into the program as constants. You do store values in DATA lines-to control the number of times each pattern is to be repeated. These examples show how easy it is to create high-resolution dot graphics on your FX echo them to the printer. Without such a - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 177
dots into their appropriate pin numbers, seven or eight rows (depending on your computer system's capability) at a time. 3. Figure out the easiest way to send those numbers to the printer : NEW 800 DATA 0,1,2,4,11,18,36,72,-16,16, 64,8,64,8,32,16 it passes control to line 650, which produces the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 178
greater than or equal to zero and sends it to the printer (line 620). Control then returns to line 610, which reads the next number. in line 800 is read into N, control passes to line 630. Line 630 reads the next two numbers (16 and 64) into P and R and prints them 16 times. Control then returns - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 179
Now RUN the program. That's a good start. To complete the program, add 7-dot line spacing, a loop to process the last five lines of data, and the data DATA 0,32,16,64,8,64,-15,8,32,72,16,32,64,-6, 0,0,0,127,0,0,127,0,0,0,128 850 DATA -7,0,0,0,8,4,16,2,16,-15, 2,8,18,36,72,16,32,64,-2,0,0,128 Now RUN - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 180
END 799 ' > 800 DATA 0,1,2,4,11,18,36,72,-16,16, 64,8,64,8,32,16,0,-7,0,0,128 810 DATA 0,126 dot graphics. Take a look at the three-dimensional design of Figure 12-4, which spells out the name of your favorite printer. In this section we work through an FX-80 design; if you own an FX - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 181
Figure 12-4. Corner of the FX-80 design - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 182
32, 64 for the diagonal rise 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 for the diagonal fall As you will see in the next few pages, these pin patterns are coded right into anything fancy-just a single dot printed across the page. For that, add these lines (lines 20 and 170 are different for the FX-100): 20 G$=CHR$( - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 183
entry string in G$. This produces LowSpeed Double-Density dots for 819 columns [ 51+ (3x256) = 819 control the four-step process: 80 FOR X=1 TO L: LPRINT CHR$(l);: NEXT X 100 LPRINT CHR$(l)CHR$(2)CHR$(4)CHR$(8) CHR$(16)CHR$(32)CHR$(64); 110 FOR X=1 TO H: LPRINT CHR$(64);: NEXT X 120 LPRINT CHR$(64 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 184
as zero, line 70 causes the program to ignore line 80. This enables the printer to print the center portion of the X, where the loop to print 17 lines and enter the data statements. (All the data lines differ slightly for the FX-100): 30 FOR D=l TO 17: PRINT "ROw;D 90 IF H - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 185
350 DATA 3,3,19,3,12,3,22,14,8,14,6,-1 Yes, indeed, high-resolution graphics does require a large amount of data. Okay, now RUN the program: Figure 12-S. FX-80 figure Success! In your printout (which should look like Figure 12-5), can you see the 3D effect of the letters? The modifications to follow - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 186
100 LPRINT CHR$(l)CHR$(2)CHR$(4)CHR$(8)CHR$(l6) CHR$(32)CHR$(64); 110 FOR X=1 TO H: LPRINT CHR$(64);: NEXT X 120 LPRINT CHR$(64)CHR$(32)CHR$(16)CRR$(8)CHR$(4) CHR$(2)CHR$(l); 130 GOT0 50 3,3,19,3,12,3,22,14,8,14,6,-1 Figure 72-6. Program for FX-80 figure (concluded) Figure 12-7. FX-100 figure 169 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 187
50 READ L,H 60 L=L*7: H=H*7 70 IF L=0 THEN 90 80 FOR X=1 TO L: LPRINT CHR$(l);: NEXT X 90 IF H - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 188
like the one in Figure 12-11? Summary We did not introduce any commands in this chapter. Instead, we demonstrated two ways of programming dot graphics. For the first example we used DATA statements to store pin patterns and repetition factors. For the second example we stored the pin patterns - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 189
Figure 12-10. Most distinct version Figure 12-11. Reversed version 172 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 190
motion of a dot-matrix printer makes it virtually impossible to place the print head in the middle of a page and trace out a lazy spiral or even a circle. Does that mean the FX can't create the same type of figures that a plotter does? Certainly not. You just have to approach the problem a little - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 191
-1. Computer memory as sketch pad holes or cells arranged in rows and columns, as Post Office boxes are. Each cell of the array corresponds to a dot position on the paper (Figure 13-2). Figure 13-2. Array in memory and on paper Although the cells in a numeric array can hold nearly any numeric - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 192
blanks Why all this fuss and stew about arrays? We want to show you that the FX can simulate a plotter. And once the correspondence between array cells and dot positions is firmly established, you can easily plot in any direction. Let's look at the way each cell is named. The cells are - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 193
DIMension and arrays Most BASICS allow you to use up to 10 rows and 10 columns in an array without any special preparation of the computer's memory. Since arrays use up lots of memory, you must inform the system if you intend to use a larger array. In BASIC, this is done with the DIMension statement - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 194
Figure 13-5. Plotting a circle Circle Plotting You can have your program examine the cells of an array in any order; the following program scans them row by row, using two loops: 20 FOR R=l TO N: FOR C=l TO N At each cell, line 30 calculates the cell's distance from a center point by using the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 195
printout shows, in terms of ones and zeros, the results of your planning and your program's plotting. Ones become dots Next you need to translate the contents of the array to dots on the paper. First, modify line 50 so that it no longer prints out the contents of the array: 50 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 196
Understanding the subroutine is easy if you take it one step at a time. This subroutine calculates the pin firing pattern (F) for each column of seven dots. It examines the array vertically, one cell at a time. When it 179 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 197
the problem involves the codes from nine to 13. Remember that the program determined the dot patterns to send to the printer by the figure stored in the array. The cleanest way to get the figure to print correctly is to either POKE the codes directly or use a printer driver that allows the codes to - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 198
problem codes and changes them to less dangerous numbers. 210 IF F>8 AND F - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 199
drastic measures. One such measure would be to let each bit of the numbers stored in the array cells represent one graphics dot. This would increase the storage ability but tremendously complicate the programming. For symmetric designs such as the circle, you can use a different measure. Take - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 200
mirrors the right half. With a few more changes, the program can read the array upside down and double the output again. Add these two lines: 80 B=N: E=7: S=-1 90 FOR Z=l TO 2 and change these three: 60 PRINT "T MINUS";N-R: NEXT R 100 IF Z=2 THEN B=l: E=N-6: S=l 160 LPRINT: NEXT P: NEXT Z Now lines - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 201
an exploding galaxy. First change the size so that you can see the full impact of the figure (note that 105 is a multiple of seven): 10 DEFINT largeness. If your computer system requires a WIDTH statement to prevent the printer from issuing a carriage return before the graphics line is complete, add - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 202
line 40 [some systems use RND(X) or just RND]. By using a random number (line 40), you add a measure of uncertainty to the placement of the dots. Cells close to the upper-left comer of the square array have a high probability of containing a zero, while those far away have a high probability of - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 203
70 LPRINT CHR$(27)"3"CHR$(20);CHR$(7); 80 B=N: E=7: S=-1 90 FOR Z=l TO 2 100 IF Z=2 THEN B=l: E=N-6: S=l 110 FOR P=B TO E STEP 7*S 120 PRINT "LOADING ROWS size of a complex figure produced by a two-dimensional array. The only problem is that the array for this figure uses over 20,000 bytes, which 186 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 204
CHR$(7); 40 FOR P=l TO N-6 STEP 7 50 PRINT "PRINTING ROWS";P;"TO";P+6 60 LPRINT CHR$(27)"*"CHR$(5)CHR$(Nl)CHR$(N2); 70 FOR C=l TO N 80 F=0: PRINT C; 90 FOR R=P TO P+6 100 D=((R-M)^2+(C-M)^2)/M^2 110 IF D>RND(8) THEN F=F+2^ABS(P+6-R) 115 IF F=9 THEN F=l0 120 NEXT R: LPRINT CHR$(F); 130 NEXT C: LPRINT - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 205
sizes. Just be prepared to let your computer cook for several hours. Summary We used this chapter to demonstrate the way you can use your FX as though it were a plotter. You can also use your computer system to design a symmetric pattern, applying mathematical principles to minimize the amount of - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 206
less than 300 elements will produce a pattern made up of many thousands of dots.Because of the length of the program we will only occasionally ask you to store the pattern. Program loops will use the variables in line 20 to control the size and shape of the figure. You can change these values later - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 207
Table 14-1. Variables for SYMMETRY 90 IF N>MIN THEN 70 100 NEXT J: PRINT The J loop will Repeat four times (RE = 4). It has two subloops, each of which depends on the value of N. Each time through the first loop (lines 40 to 60), N increases by one-to the value of MAX. Each time through the second - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 208
Figure 14-2. Figure 14-2. Pattern sets Before proceeding, delete line 5 and modify line 110 so that it prints to the screen instead of to the printer: 110 FOR K=l TO C: PRINT A(K);: NEXT K: PRINT'. PRINT "C =" C 191 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 209
at a time. Line 170 calculates P, and line 190 calculates its complement, PO. Appendix F discusses problem codes and the P variable. Adjust the line spacing to match the 7-dot passes: 120 LPRINT CHR$(27)"1"; If this spacing produces slight gaps between rows, adjust it with CHR$(27)"3"CHR$(20). The - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 210
is the one-to-one graphics density setting. It ensures a printout image that is square. If your computer system requires a WIDTH statement to prevent the printer from issuing a carriage return before the graphics line is complete, add it now: 7 WIDTH LPRINT 255 The format for this statement may be - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 211
FOR J=l TO RE 40 N=N+l 50 GOSUB 300 60 IF NMIN THEN 70 100 NEXT J: PRINT 110 FOR K=l TO C: LAST 150 H=6: IF PASS=LAST THEN H=R-1 160 FOR DOT=0 TO H 170 IF A(7*PASS+DOT+l)=l THEN P=P+2^(6-DOT) 180 NEXT DOT 190 P0=127-P: IF PASS=LAST THEN P0=P0+1-2^(7-R) - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 212
enough to knock your eyes right out of their sockets! And all that from a single one-dimensional array. Variations The computer completely controls your symmetric pattern, dot for dot. Small changes in the program can affect the pattern in a big way. For example, try this simple change in line 300 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 213
Figure 14-5. Symmetric pattern 2 Here's another interesting variation: 20 MAX=64: MIN=l: RE=l: N=1/2 40 N=N*2 70 N=N/2 Figure 74-6. Symmetric pattern 3 Quite a difference! Instead of adding and subtracting one from N, lines 40 and 70 now double and halve - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 214
this technique to create large patterns with little drain on computer memory, but only with highly structured patterns. You also used a graphics density of 72 dots per inch to produce a one-to-one aspect ratio of the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 215
198 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 216
ultimate in printer control-defining your own characters. With the FX, you can create any number of new characters, graphics patterns to serve as building blocks for larger designs, or even whole type fonts. You can use these characters for any purpose as long as they fit into the same dot matrix as - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 217
controls the use of the FX's 2K RAM buffer. You can use this RAM memory as a large text buffer to smooth printer/computer control codes reside (0 to 31, 127 to 159, and 255). You can also use some of the control-code locations, but only after special ESCape codes are issued. We'll get to that a bit - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 218
an unwanted carriage-return code from disrupting the data. For each character to be defined (determined by c1 and c2), the printer expects 12 data numbers the ROM. Characters can be a maximum of 8 dots tall (even though the matrix is 9 dots) and 11 dots wide. Most characters use only the top 7 pins - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 219
top 8 rows, but we shift all the dots down one row so that 7-bit systems can stay with the program. Also note that two adjacent dots cannot be printed in the same row. Even in Half-Speed Mode, the printer simply refuses to print two overlapping dots. Figure 15-3 illustrates an E that is incorrectly - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 220
12 data numbers required to define any character. At print time it controls two aspects of the way the character is printed. First, it which 8 pins are used? At print time, the printer checks the attribute byte before each character is printed. If the high-order bit is on, the top 8 pins of the print - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 221
attribute byte? The starting column number (1) is converted to a 3-bit binary number (001) and stored in bits 4, 5, and 6 of the attribute byte. The ending column number (10) is converted to a 4-bit binary number (1010) and stored in bits 0 to 3. The conversions are shown in Figure 15-5. Figure 15 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 222
0 to 11 is used. Also note that if 7-bit system users set the high-order bit with CHR$(27)">" before they use the CHR$(27)"&" FX prints a Roman Pica E. To print your newly defined character, you must tell the printer to ignore the ROM and print only RAM characters. The format for this instruction - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 223
CHR$(27)"!8"; 190 LPRINT CHR$(27)"!@" Line 170 uses the Master Select code to print Double-Strike, Expanded, Emphasized Pica characters. Line 190 uses the some of the other characters in RAM with: 180 LPRINT "EPSON" Oopsl Where is the rest of EPSON? All right, we confess-the only characters in the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 224
characters to be used with the standard alphabet and numbers. That's why the FX provides the option of copying (sometimes called downloading) the entire ROM set into the user-defined RAM area. The downloading command has the format: LPRINT CHR$(27) ":"CHR$(n )CHR$(n,)CHR$(n ); l 3 This command - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 225
you treat other characters. (Remember that the low-order control codes are the ASCII codes 0 through 31 plus 127, and the high-order control codes are 128 through 159 plus 255.) These codes do not normally print symbols on paper, rather they cause the printer to change modes. To make them print as - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 226
yours is a 7-bit system, in which case this won't work): 130 LPRINT CHR$(27)"&"CHR$(0)CHR$(128)CHR$(l31); 140 FOR Y=l TO 4: LPRINT CHR$(139); 165 LPRINT CHR$(27)"6" 180 LPRINT CHR$(l28)CHR$(129)CHR$(l30)CHR$(l31) 1140 DATA 0,l26,1,2,4,8,4,2,1,126,0: ' My W WARS The low-order control codes can also - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 227
) control codes can be changed to print as normal characters-nor would you want them to. Imagine, if you changed code 27 to print as a normal character . . . no more ESCape codes. You would have a hard time getting anything done. Codes that currently activate special modes or actions by the printer - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 228
codes 35,36, 64, 91 to 94, 96, or 123 to 126 gets a bit tricky. These codes are merely pointers to the control-code . In that case, there is no need to download the ROM into RAM. But you will need a to do this is to define two character strings: 80 RAM$=CHR$(27)+"%"+CHR$(l)+CHR$(0) 90 ROM$=CHR$(27 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 229
, which will be used again in a later chapter. For now, delete lines 80, 90 and 165 and change line 180: 180 LPRINT " 147646 12345678" STRATA For each character in the CHR$(27)"&" sequence from n2 to n3 the printer expects 12 data numbers. The first number, called the attribute byte, determines - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 230
2)CHR$(n 3) Downloads ROM characters into RAM. All three numbers are 0 CHR$(27)"6" Enables printing of codes 128 to 159 and 255 CHR$(27)"7" Disables printing of codes 128 to 159 and 255 CHR$(27)"I1" Enables printing of the codes 0 to 31 except those used as control codes. The control codes can - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 231
214 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 232
' Defines characters A & B 70 FOR Y=l TO 2: LPRINT CHR$(139); ' Attribute byte 80 FOR x=1 TO 11: READ N: LPRINT CHR$(N);: NEXT x 90 NEXT Y 180 LPRINT CHR$( and 60 are the commands from the last chapter. This program, prepares the printer to define the two characters A and B. Enter the DATA lines: 200 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 233
a larger matrix and therefore gives more flexibility in character design. But there is one problem. When two user-defined characters are placed side by side, there is one intermediate column that, unless the first character is printed in Emphasized Mode, cannot contain any dots - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 234
95,0,64,0,127,0,63,0,0 210 DATA 14,0,123,0,3,0,123,01127,0,15 Line 10 changes the lines spacing to 7-dot and This gives you an 18 by 22 matrix. If you have a 7-bit system, you will have to skip to G could be designed using the following four ASCII codes: CHRS(71) Uppercase Roman G CHR$(103) Lowercase - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 235
71 =G 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 6 4 2 1 199=G 231 =g Figure 16-2. Double high and wide character In order to define letters in groups of four, you'll have to modify - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 236
CHR$(139); 90 NEXT Z: NEXT Y Line 50 calculates the code (A), to be defined in line 60, by adding the 31,64,0,64,0,64 280 DATA 64,4,72,2,32,2,24,4,0,0,0 290 DATA 0,120,4,0,2,124,1,0,10,1 300 DATA 1,64,0,124,2,68,8,120,0,64,0 Here systems do not support the MID$ statement-instead they use subscripts to isolate - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 237
$(A$,6,2) would be coded as A$(6,7). If 32*Z 60 LPRINT CHR$(27)"&"CHR$(0)CHR$(A)CHR$(A); 70 LPRINT CHR$(139); 80 FOR X=1 TO 11: READ N: LPRINT CHR$(N);: NEXT X 90 NEXT 32,31,64,0,64,0,64 280 DATA 64,4,72,2,32,2,24,4,0,0,0 290 DATA 0,120,4,0,2,124,1,0,1,0,1 300 DATA 1,64,0,124,2,68,8,120,0,64,0 Figure - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 238
space after the 0 and then press RETURN. The next prompt on the screen is: ENTER A MASTER PRINT MODE NUMBER For now, enter a 24. Remember, all codes from 0 to 255 produce a combination of print modes, but there are only 16 unique combinations. You may want to refer to Figure 5-2 for the other - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 239
420 DATA 0,1,0,127,0,1,0,127,0,1,0 430 ' E 440 DATA 69 450 DATA 0,64,0,127,0,64,0,62,65,0,65 460 DATA 65,0,67,0,64,0,64,32,0,0,0 470 DATA 0,1,0,127,0,1,0,126,1,0,1 480 DATA 1,0,69,0,11,0,11,0,6,0,0 490 ' side in any mode that compresses the matrix columns, gaps appear at the intermediate column 222 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 240
way, the Introduction at the beginning of this manual shows a few more of these Double Wide an entire alphabet of oversized letters uses up ASCII codes rather quickly. Fortunately, there is an alternative. any letter in the alphabet. This requires a bit of imagination; we present an example here to - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 241
Deleting line 20 ensures that the printer does not download the ROM characters. That makes your defined characters the only ones around-no funny stuff on the printer. Here is the data: 100 ' SIX 110 DATA 7,8,16,0,32,3,68,0,72,0,73 120 DATA 73,0,72,0,68,3,32,0,16,8,7 130 DATA 73,0,9,0,17,96,2,0,4,8, - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 242
-9. Interlace Have fun creating your own designs with these characters. You may wish to SAVE the program before proceeding. Line Graphics The RX series printers have a set of line-graphics characters stored in ROM. In the following program, we define a similar set. What are line-graphics characters - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 243
970 DATA 8,0,8,0,127,0,0,0,0,0,0: ' h 980 DATA 8,0,8,0,127,0,8,0,8,0,8: 'i 990 DATA 8,0,8,0,8,0,80,8,0,8: 'j 1000 DATA 0,0,0,0,127,0,0,0,0,0,0: ' k 1010 DATA 84,0,170,0,84,0,l70,0,84,0,170: ' 1 You can put the line-graphics characters to work like this: 100 LPRINT CHR$( - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 244
you've used in the course of this manual. The second one is considerably longer than the programs in previous chapters, and the length provides two benefits. First, you'll have a chance to really test your own understanding of the FX printer. Second, a longer program shows you how versatile your - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 245
for the chart's vertical bars from line 40 and stores them in the array MAX. The next data lines define three new characters: 70 DATA 2,1,64,32,16,8,4,2,1,64,32 80 DATA 127,0,99,0,65,0,65,0,99,0,12'7 90 DATA 127,0,28,0,62,65,62,0,28,0,127 228 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 246
tab character in H$. 210 LPRINT H$;H$;" ABC CO. SALES: FIRST QUARTER 1995": LPRINT: LPRINT 220 LPRINT H$;H$;B$;"a";: N=34: A$="j": GOSUB 800: LPRINT "b" 799 ' *** STRING$ ROUTINE *** 800 FOR J=l TO N: LPRINT A$;: NEXT J: RETURN Lines 210 and 220 start the printing, using horizontal tabs and special - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 247
800: LPRINT "c" 335 LPRINT: LPRINT 340 LPRINT C$;H$;H$;H$;" JAN";H$;" FEB";H$;" MAR": LPRINT 390 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@": END Line 300 closes the P and M loops, prints the right-hand border, and sends control $(ll): C$=CHR$(27)+"F" 70 DATA 2,1,64,32,16,8,4,2,1,64,32 80 DATA 127,0,99,0,65,0,65,0,99,0,127 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 248
LPRINT 390 LPRINT CHR$(27)"@": END 799 ' *** STRING$ ROUTINE *** 800 FOR J=l TO N: LPRINT A$;: NEXT J: RETURN 899 ' - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 249
- Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 250
from the BARCHART program. If your computer system requires a WIDTH statement to prevent the printer from issuing a carriage return before the graphics line is complete, add it now: 7 documentation. If you are using an FX-100, add this line to set the right margin: 90 LPRINT CHR$(27)"QP"; 233 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 251
500: LPRINT 280 LPRINT CHR$(ll);H$;"&"CHR$(8);: A$=CHR$(95): N=21: GOSUB 800 290 LPRINT: LPRINT H$;CHR$(27) "S1"; AMOUNT REMITTED" 300 LPRINT CHR$( DETACH AND RETURN WITH YOUR PAYMENT" 320 LPRINT CHR$(27)"T";: N=80: A$="-": GOSUB 800: LPRINT 330 C=6: H=12: F=1: FT=0: GOSUB 500 340 LPRINT - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 252
CHR$(27)"!H";CHR$(27)"A"CHR$(0) 600 FOR Q=1 TO C: READ T$: LPRINT H$;T$;: NEXT Q 610 LPRINT CHR$(27)"!@"; 620 IF F=1 THEN LPRINT CHR$(27)"A"CHR$(0): N=80: A$="1" : GOSUB 800 640 IF L - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 253
79,0: 'm - S 1110 DATA 0,127,0,65,0,65,0,65,0,127,0:'n - 0 1120 DATA 0,63,64,8,64,8,64,28,64,32,0:'o- F 1130 DATA 0,32,64,0,64,63,64,0,64,32,0'p - T 1140 DATA 0,126,1,2,4,1,2,4,8,4,2,1,126,0: 'q - W 1150 DATA 0,7,8,16,36,64,36,16,8,7,0: 'r - A 1160 DATA 0,127,0,72,0,72,0,76,2,121,0:'s - R 1170 DATA - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 254
REMITTED. Line 300 sets new horizontal tab stops. Line 310 tabs vertically twice, then prints a Superscript message. Line 320 cancels Scripts and prints 80 hyphens with subroutine 800. Line 330 calls the box routine. Line 340 sets new horizontal tabs. Line 350 calls the box routine. Line 360 ses new - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 255
adjust the left margin of the box. 999 REM: The End In this chapter we developed a program that uses many of the features of the FX printer. The program demonstrates the tremendous potential of the powerful tool you have at your beck and call. We hope it inspires you to use the - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 256
REMarks Apple II computers, 38, 40, 312-313 See also Seven-bit systems Arrays, 173-176, 189-193 DIMensioning, 176 Arrow. See Exponent character ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), 38,40-42 codes listed for all characters, 253-270 See also International character set Attribute - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 257
, 306-309 Columns for ROM character set, 50-52 for User-defined characters, 201-205, 216, 222-223 Comparison table for control codes, 287-294 Compressed Mode, 53-55 CHR$(15) turns it on; CHR$(18) turns it off. DIP switch adjustment for, 54-55 margin settings in, - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 258
-299 Dot matrix, 49-52 in dot graphics, 131-132 patterns for character fonts, 49-52, 253-270 Double-Strike Mode, 61-62, 63 ESCape "G" turns it on; ESCape "H" turns it off. Downloading. See User-defined characters Dress-up Modes. See Underline Mode; Script Mode; Italic Mode Driver. See Printer driver - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 259
Master Select. See Master Select ESCape "#". Accepts eighth bit as is from computer. See Bit, high order ESCape "%"CHR$(n1)CHR$(n2). Selects "6". Enables printing of control codes 128-159. See User-defined characters ESCape "7". Returns codes 128-159 to control codes. See User-defined characters - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 260
ESCape "I1". Enables printing of control codes O-31. See User-defined characters. ESCape "J"CHR$(n). Produces an immediate one-time line feed of n/216-inch without a carriage return. See Line feed ESCape "K"CHR$( - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 261
Friction-control lever, 26, 28, 30 Friction feed, 28-29 Function switches. See DIP switches G Graphics densities in. See Graphics Mode designing, 154-155, 159-171, 189-196 line, 225-226 plotter, 173-187 problem codes with, 144-145 Reset Code with, 144 troubleshooting, 302-303 with seven-bit systems - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 262
) reassigns an alternate code to Graphics Mode n. summary table, 151 Grid. See dot matrix H Half-Speed Mode, 89, 322 ESCape "s1" turns it on; ESCape "s0" returns it to normal. Head. See Print head Hex dumping, 305-306 Humidity, 329 Horizontal tabs. See Tabs, horizontal HX-20 and printer commands, 38 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 263
38 Location of printer, 16-17 LPRINT. See PRINT Lubrication, 323-324 M Mailing labels. See Labels Maintenance, 323-324 Manual-feed knob, 19 -78 Quick reference chart for, 76, 318 Mathematical symbols, 81-82 Matrix. See Dot matrix Memory. See RAM; ROM Microscopic spacing. See Line spacing Modes mixing - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 264
24, 328 Paper-out sensor, 110, 304 ESCape "9" turns it on; ESCape "8" turns it off. DIP switch control of, 297-298 Parallel interface. See Interface Pattern design. See Graphics PEEK. See POKEing codes Perforation. See Skip-over-perforation; Top of form Pica Mode, 52-53 Pin feed paper. See paper Pin - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 265
Print head and dot graphics, 132-133 and dot matrix printing, 50 life of, 16,324, 328 chart, 78 Print width, See specific pitches by name: Width Printer buffer, 44 Printer driver for problem codes, 308-309 Priorities. See Modes. Proportional Mode, 64-65 ESCape "pl" turns it on; ESCape "P0" turns - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 266
. See Test Semicolons, iv, 45 Sensor. See Paper-out sensor Separator, paper. See paper Serial board. See Interface Set-up operations for printer, 13-36 Seven-bit systems, 309-311 graphics with, 311 limitations of, 132, 137, 309-310 test for computer's type, 309 user-defined characters with, 202 - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 267
$(n1)CHR$(n2)CHR$(n3) downloads ROM characters into RAM. attribute byte, 203-205 compared to ROM characters, 199 control codes as characters, 208-211 DIP switch setting for, 200 double-high and double-wide, 215-223 downloading, 207 Reset code with, 207 troubleshooting, 303 V Vertical tabs. See Tabs - Epson FX-80 | User Manual - FX-80/100 Vol. 1 - Page 268
W Width of characters, 256-270 statements, 313-314 Word processing, 36, 321-322 Z Zero, slashed, 23 251
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