HP DL360 Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition
HP DL360 - ProLiant - G3 Manual
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- HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 1
terminology...2 SAS technology ...3 SAS devices ...3 Initiators ...4 Expanders ...4 Targets ...4 Differential signaling ...5 SAS protocol evolution ...6 SAS-1 ...6 SAS-2 ...6 SAS-2.1 ...6 Active cables ...6 Storage power management...7 SAS/SATA interoperability ...8 Cabling and connectors ...9 Mini - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 2
new and expensive technologies. In 2001, HP (Compaq), IBM, LSI Logic, Maxtor, and SAS architecture solves the parallel SCSI problems of bus contention, clock skew one another by means of a service delivery subsystem SAS drives that provide targets A device containing SSP, STP, and/or SMP initiator - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 3
Service delivery subsystem Subtractive routing Table routing Target Training Virtual phy Wide link Wide port Zone group Zoned portion of a service a receiver device to an incoming transmission pattern Contains a vendor-specific interface to another virtual phy A group of physical links that attaches - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 4
address that it does not recognize, it uses subtractive routing to forward the commands and data to another expander that does recognize the address. Targets SAS hard drives (enterprise-class and midline devices) have two narrow ports. Each port can reside in a different SAS domain to provide fail - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 5
Differential signaling All SAS devices have connection points called ports. One or more transceiver mechanisms, called phys, are located in the port of each SAS device. A physical link, consisting of two wire pairs, connects the transmitter of each phy in one device's port to the receiver of a phy - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 6
target, or expander) may support one or more SAS communication speeds. If any two linked devices support , SAS-2.1, will define active cables, storage power management, and additional connectors (see ―Cabling . Active circuitry includes built-in drivers and repeaters, along with an equalizer - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 7
drive. Future SAS and SATA disk drives will include more standardized power management features. Today's drives support the Active and Stopped states. The Stopped state is rarely used due to its long recovery time. Table 3. Power management state example for a 9-W SFF SAS drive State Active Idle - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 8
advanced command queuing, and advanced verification/error correction, SAS is the ideal solution for mission-critical enterprise storage applications. SAS supports three protocols to handle communications with various devices: Serial Management Protocol (SMP) - manages the point-to-point topology of - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 9
designs. Mini SAS connectors contain ground pins that can be used for power in active cables. Figure 5. The internal Mini SAS 4i connector (left connectors attach to end devices and enclosure universal ports, but they are specific to enclosure out and in ports. The SAS-2 receptacles are universal, - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 10
Figure 7 shows the type and location of icons that identify the connectors that attach to an end device, an enclosure ―out‖ port, an enclosure ―in‖ port, and an enclosure universal port. Figure 7. External Mini SAS 4x cable connector icons identify compatible devices and ports. Cable connectors and - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 11
used for internal RAID systems incorporating SAS or SATA drives. Each drive has a point-to-point connection to the controller. The controller can support a maximum of eight drives. For internal configurations of this type, the external port is disabled if more than four drives are connected. Figure - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 12
10 shows an alternate internal topology for RAID systems using SAS or SATA drives. The full height HP Smart SAS Expander Card supports more than 8 internal hard disk drives on select ProLiant servers when connected to a Smart Array P410 Controller (SA-P410) or Smart Array P410i Controller (SA-P410i - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 13
single controller port incorporates four lanes for a total maximum throughput of 2400 MB/s. The storage enclosure contains an internal 36port expander that supports cascading an additional enclosure in a 1+1 configuration containing up to 25 SFF SAS or SATA drives. Figure 11. The external port of - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 14
specific integrated circuit) embedded on the motherboard. Figure 12. Topologies for multi-node cluster applications using a SAS RAID controller provide high performance and high availability. Zoning The number of devices (initiators, targets zoned portion of a service delivery system (ZPSDS - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 15
expander in the fabric, then the zone manager can reprogram the zone group at the new location. Zoning is ideal for small topologies, server blade enclosures, and clustering applications. Zone management A zone manager is responsible for configuring each zone. As shown in Figure 14 (top), the zone - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 16
from or to the disk actually begins. The smaller platters of SFF SAS drives inherently yield lower seek times, which is an advantage in file servers with frequent random accesses. 16 - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 17
in power consumption. Higher drive densities provide better overall performance, greater reliability, and lower operating costs. 1 For more information, refer to technology brief ―Performance factors for HP ProLiant Serial Attached Storage (SAS)‖ at http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support - HP DL360 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 18
Serial Attached Storage (SAS) http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManu al/c01460725/c01460725.pdf ProLiant storage papers and audio podcasts http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/technology/w hitepapers/proliant-storage.html Drive technology overview, 2nd Edition http://h20000
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Abstract
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Transition from parallel to serial SCSI protocol
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SAS terminology
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SAS technology
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SAS devices
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Initiators
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Expanders
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Targets
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Differential signaling
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SAS protocol evolution
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SAS-1
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SAS-2
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SAS-2.1
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Active cables
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Storage power management
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SAS/SATA interoperability
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Cabling and connectors
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Mini SAS 4x cable connectors and receptacles
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Mini SAS 8x cable connectors
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SAS topologies
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Internal
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External
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Multi-node clusters
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Zoning
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SAS performance
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For more information
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Call to action
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Serial Attached SCSI storage technology
2nd Edition