HP F2231AA User Guide
HP F2231AA - 12C Platinum Financial Calculator Manual
 |
UPC - 088698000120
View all HP F2231AA manuals
Add to My Manuals
Save this manual to your list of manuals |
HP F2231AA manual content summary:
- HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 1
hp 12c platinum financial calculator user's guide H Edition 4 HP part number F2232-90001 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 1 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 2
DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MANUAL OR THE EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN. © Copyright 1981, 1982, 1999, 2002 92123 Printing History Edition 4 March 2005 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 2 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 3
Introduction About This Handbook This hp 12c platinum user's guide is intended to help you get the most out of your investment in your hp 12c platinum Programmable Financial Calculator. Although the excitement of acquiring this powerful financial tool may prompt you to set this handbook aside and - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 4
calculation methods in the United Kingdom than in the United States. Refer to Appendix G for more information. For More Solutions to Financial Problems In addition to the specialized solutions found in Sections 12 through 16 of this handbook, many more are available in the optional hp 12c platinum - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 5
3 About This Handbook 3 Financial Calculations in the United Kingdom 4 For More Solutions to Financial Problems 4 Part I: Problem Solving 15 Section 1: Getting in RPN Mode 35 5 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 5 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 6
Entries 79 Changing Cash Flow Entries 80 Bond Calculations 82 Bond Price 82 Bond Yield 83 Depreciation Calculations 84 Section 5: Additional Operating Features 86 Continuous Memory 86 The Display 87 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 6 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 7
Setting the Calculator to a Particular Program Line 114 Executing a Program One Line at a Time 114 Interrupting Program Execution 117 Pausing During Program Execution 117 Stopping Program Execution 122 Section 9: Branching and Looping 125 Simple Branching 125 File name: hp 12c pt_user - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 8
Instructions by Replacement 142 Adding Instructions by Branching 144 Section 11: Multiple Programs 149 Storing Another Program 149 Running Another Program 153 Part III: Solutions 155 Section 12: Real Estate and Lending 156 Annual Percentage Rate Calculations name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 8 of - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 9
Financial Functions 233 The LAST X Register and the Key 234 Chain Calculations in RPN Mode 234 Arithmetic Calculations Error 0: Mathematics 245 Error 1: Storage Register Overflow 246 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 9 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 10
Mean 257 Linear Estimation 257 Standard Deviation 257 Factorial 257 The Rent or Buy Decision 258 Appendix F: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information 259 Battery 259 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 10 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 11
Operation (Self-Tests 261 Warranty 263 Service 264 Regulatory Information 265 Temperature Specifications Calculations 267 Mortgages 267 Annual Percentage Rate (APR) Calculations 268 Bond Calculations 268 Function Key Index 269 Programming Key Index 272 Subject Index 274 File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 12
financial calculations can be with your hp 12c platinum. While working through the examples below, don't be concerned about learning how to use the calculator; monthly? This is an example of a compound interest calculation. All such problems involve at least three of the following quantities: z - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 13
Financial Calculations Easy 13 Note: A battery symbol ( ) shown in the upper-left corner of the display when the calculator is on signifies that the available battery power is nearly exhausted. To install new batteries, refer to Appendix F. The calendar functions and nearly all of the financial - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 14
required amount? In this problem, we do not need to clear the previous financial data inside the calculator, since most of it financial calculations that can now be done easily with your hp 12c platinum. To begin learning about this powerful financial tool, just turn the page. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 15
Part I Problem Solving File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 15 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 16
Section 1 Getting Started Power On and Off To begin using your hp 12c platinum, press the ; key*. Pressing ; again turns the calculator off. If not manually turned off, the calculator will turn off automatically 12 minutes after it was last used. Low-Power Indication A battery symbol ( ) shown in - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 17
another prefix key, or fCLEARX. Keying in Numbers To key a number into the calculator, press the digit keys in sequence, just as if you were writing the number display, making the number positive. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 17 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 18
Keystrokes (RPN mode) Display 12345gÚgÚ .63\ 123.63 Correcting removes the 4 and 5. gÚ clears the most recent digit entered. 5+ gÚ 128.63 0.00 Clears the calculator line. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 18 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 19
is also labeled the \ key. Clears the calculator line. The CLEAR Keys Clearing a register or the display replaces the number in it with zero. Clearing program memory replaces the instructions there with gi000. There are several clearing operations on the hp 12c platinum, as shown in the table below - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 20
The RPN and ALG Keys The calculator can be set to perform arithmetic manual, most examples are shown in both modes. The Keystrokes column will indicate RPN mode or ALG mode where the keystrokes differ. When the keystrokes are the same, the column is simply titled "Keystrokes". File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 21
operation - addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. To do such a calculation on your hp 12c platinum, you first tell the calculator the two numbers, then tell the calculator the operation to be performed. The answer is calculated when the operation key (+,-,§, or z) is pressed. The two - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 22
, subtraction, multiplication, or division. To do such a calculation on your hp 12c platinum, you tell the calculator the first number, then the operation to be performed, and then tell the calculator the second number. The answer is calculated when the equals key (}) is pressed. For example - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 23
following the other. The hp 12c platinum is designed so that each time you press a function key in RPN mode, the calculator performs the operation then - 10.14, what is the new balance? Solution: When written down on paper, this problem would read 58.33 - 22.95 - 13.70 - 10.14 + 1053 Keystrokes - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 24
- the paycheck deposited - and adds it to the previous balance. The new, current balance appears in the display. The preceding example demonstrates how the hp 12c platinum calculates just as you would using pencil and paper (except a lot faster!): Let's see this happening in a different type of - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 25
But with the hp 12c platinum, you don't need to write down the results of an intermediate calculation, and you don't even need to manually store it and calculate with your hp 12c platinum, try the following problems yourself. Although these problems are relatively simple, more complicated problems - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 26
x12 For instance, to calculate 360 you can enter either Here's a longer chain calculation: 456 − 75 × 68 18.5 1.9 This calculation can be written as: 456 Calculations In ALG mode, parentheses can be used in calculations of a calculation will be calculate: 8 (5 − 1) Keying 8 ÷ 5 - 1 will calculate - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 27
Display OO 8zgØ51gÙ ³ 0.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 Clears any pending operations. No calculation is done. Calculates 5 − 1. Calculates 8 . (5 − 1) Storage Registers Numbers (data) in the hp 12c platinum are stored in memories called "storage registers" or simply "registers." (The singular term " memory - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 28
:0 §6 +:2 ³ Display 500.00 1,250.00 6. 500.00 8,000.00 Turns the calculator back on. Recalls the cost of the computer to the display. Multiplies by the quantity ordered display. Total invoice. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 28 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 29
registers at once - including the financial registers, the stack registers, and register without altering the number in the display. The hp 12c platinum enables you to do all this in a single operation calculator's Continuous Memory, you keep track of your checking account balance in the calculator - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 30
only in R . 0 Subtracts the second check. Subtracts the third check. Adds the deposit. Recalls the number in R0 to check the new balance. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 30 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 31
and Calendar Functions Percentage Functions The hp 12c platinum includes three keys for solving percentage problems: b, à, and Z. You don just as when an ordinary arithmetic calculation is performed. 14 14. Keys in the percentage. b 42.00 Calculates the amount. If the base number - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 32
(Result is 50.) Note: This is the last time the initial OO will be shown in these examples. Don't forget to clear the calculator in ALG mode before beginning a new calculation. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 32 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 33
the base amount plus or minus the percentage amount - can be calculated easily with your hp 12c platinum, since the calculator holds the base amount inside after you calculate a percentage amount. To calculate a net amount, simply calculate the percentage amount, then press = or -. Example: You're - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 34
entered is the retail cost, the percent difference is called the margin. Examples of markup and margin calculations are included in the hp 12c platinum Solutions Handbook. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 34 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 35
of the number in the display. Europe had nearly 30% of the total sales. In RPN mode, the hp 12c platinum holds the total amount inside after a percent of total is calculated. Therefore, to calculate what percentage another amount is of the total: 1. Clear the display by pressing O. 2. Key in that - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 36
mode, to calculate what percentage one number is of another: 1. Calculate the total amount by adding the individual amounts, just as in a chain arithmetic calculation. 2. sales. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 36 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 37
nearly 30% of the total sales. Calendar Functions The calendar functions provided by the hp 12c platinum - gD and gÒ - can handle dates from October 15, 1582 through November is used to interpret dates when they are keyed into the calculator as well as for displaying dates. Month-Day-Year. To set - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 38
. 3. If the other date is in the past, press Þ. 4. Press gD. The answer calculated by the gD function is displayed in a special format. The numbers of the month, day, the Gregorian calendar at various times. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 38 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 39
is 11 September 2004, a Saturday. When gD is executed as an instruction in a running program, the calculator pauses for about 1 second to display the result, then resumes program execution. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 39 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 40
is the actual number of days between the two dates, including leap days (the extra days occurring in leap years), if any. In addition, the hp 12c platinum also calculates the number of days between the two dates on the basis of a 30-day month. This answer is held inside the - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 41
data storage registers discussed on page 27, the hp 12c platinum has five special registers in which numbers are stored for financial calculations. These registers are designated n, i, PV, PMT, and FV. The first five keys on the top row of the calculator are used to store a number from the display - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 42
. The numbers in the other financial registers remain unchanged. The financial registers are also cleared when you press fCLEARH and when Continuous Memory is reset (as described on page 86). Simple Interest Calculations The hp 12c platinum simultaneously calculates simple interest on both a 360 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 43
Financial Functions 43 Example 1: Your good friend needs a loan to start his latest enterprise and has requested that you lend him $450 for 60 days. You lend him the money at 7% simple interest, to be calculated interest. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 43 of 275 Printed Date - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 44
financial calculations. If your specific problem does not appear to be illustrated in the pages that follow, don't assume that the calculator is not capable of solving it. Every financial calculation describing the problem would look like this: File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 45
Interest Calculations; problems involving unequal payments can be handled as described in under Discounted Cash Flow Analysis: NPV and IRR. Procedures for calculating the balance in a savings account after a series of irregular and/or unequal deposits are included in the hp 12c platinum Solutions - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 46
Financial Functions z FV - the future value - is the final cash flow or the compounded value of a series of prior cash flows. In the particular problem illustrated above, FV is unknown (but can be calculated). Solving the problem File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 46 of 275 Printed Date: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 47
and financial communities. Nevertheless, most problems involving compound interest can be solved by drawing a cash flow diagram in one of the following basic forms. Listed below each form are some of the problems to which that diagram applies. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 48
48 Section 3: Basic Financial Functions File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 48 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 49
: Remember to observe the cash flow sign convention. 4. If a PMT was entered, press g× or g to set the payment mode. 5. Press n to calculate the number of payments or periods. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 49 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 50
the next lower integer if the fractional portion of n is less than 0.005. † After calculating n, pressing ¼,$,P, or M will recalculate the value in the corresponding financial register. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 50 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 51
Section 3: Basic Financial Functions 51 Keystrokes (RPN mode) n 12z Display 328.00 27.33 the fractional payment or the balloon payment - whose amount is to be calculated. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 51 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 52
52 Section 3: Basic Financial Functions Keystrokes (ALG mode) +:P } Display -325.00 327 or 328 equal payments. Refer to "Calculating the Payment Amount" on page 58 for a complete description of this procedure. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 52 of 275 Printed Date - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 53
3: Basic Financial Functions 53 0.26 -775.00 -50.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 58.00 29.00 Calculates and stores i. Stores PV (with minus sign for cash paid out). Stores PMT ( of months. Display 0.26 -775.00 -50.00 4,000.00 Calculates and stores i. Stores PV (with minus sign for cash paid out). Stores - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 54
54 Section 3: Basic Financial Functions Keystrokes (ALG mode) g n z2} Display 4,000.00 58 and then calculating FV, as we did using the second method following Example 1. However, this balance would not include the interest accrued during the 58th month. File name: hp 12c pt_user's - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 55
Calculates final, fractional, 58th deposit required to reach $4,000. Calculating the Periodic and Annual Interest Rates 1. Press fCLEARG to clear the financial Press ¼ to calculate the periodic interest rate. 6. To calculate the annual interest To calculate 32.00 Calculates and stores n. -6, - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 56
rate. 6.44 Annual interest rate. Calculating the Present Value 1. Press fCLEARG to clear the financial registers. 2. Enter the number of to set the payment mode. 6. Press $ to calculate the present value. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 56 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 57
Basic Financial Functions 57 Keystrokes (RPN mode) Display fCLEARG 4gA 48.00 Calculates and stores n. 5.9gC 450ÞP g $ 1500+ 0.49 Calculates and stores i. -450.00 Stores PMT (with price. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 57 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 58
problem, here PMT is positive since it represents cash received. Stores FV. Sets payment mode to End. The maximum purchase price to provide a 12% annual yield. PV is displayed with a minus sign since it represents cash paid out. Calculating the Payment Amount 1. Press fCLEARG to clear the financial - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 59
Basic Financial Functions 59 5. Press g× or g to set the payment mode. 6. Press P to calculate the payment amount. Example 1: Calculate the from your profit-sharing bonus paychecks. Calculate how much these deposits should be. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 59 of - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 60
with minus sign for cash paid out). Calculating the Future Value 1. Press fCLEARG to clear the financial registers. 2. Enter the number of payments to set the payment mode. 6. Press M to calculate the future value. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 60 of 275 Printed Date - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 61
Section 3: Basic Financial Functions 61 Example 1: In Example 1 on page 59, we calculated that the payment amount on a 29-year, $243,400 you have in the account after 2 years? File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 61 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 62
3: Basic Financial Functions Keystrokes Display fCLEARG 2gA 6.25gC 50ÞP g× M 24.00 0.52 -50.00 -50.00 1,281.34 Calculates and stores n. Calculates and stores value after 6 years. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 62 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 63
63 Odd-Period Calculations The cash flow diagrams and examples presented so far have dealt with financial transactions in which sometimes referred to as an "odd first period". For simplicity, in using the hp 12c platinum we will always regard the first period as equal to the remaining periods, and - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 64
you should not try to calculate n. If you do, the calculator will switch out of Odd-Period mode and compute n without taking the odd period into account. The values in the other financial registers will correspond to the new n, but the original assumptions for the problem will be changed. † The two - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 65
calculate the monthly payment, with the odd days counted on the basis of a 30-day month and compound interest used for the odd period. Keystrokes (RPN mode) Display fCLEARG gÕ g ?Æ 2.152004\ 2.15 Clears financial . File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 65 of 275 Printed Date: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 66
number of complete payment periods, then stores the result in n. Calculates and stores i. Stores PV. Monthly payment. Example 2: A 012004 gÒ 30z 7.19 8.012004 13.00 0.43 Clears financial registers. Turns off the C indicator in the display, : hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 66 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 67
8.012004 13.00 0.43 42.43 3,950.00 -120.00 1.16 13.95 Clears financial registers. Turns off the C indicator in the display, so that simple interest will be interest rate. Annual percentage rate (APR). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 67 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 68
C annunciator actually has no effect on calculator operation. You will find another use of Odd-Period mode and ?Æ in Section 16 of this manual, where the C must be set before the two Bond programs will work correctly. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 68 of 275 Printed - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 69
Section 3: Basic Financial Functions 69 Amortization The hp 12c platinum enables you to calculate the amounts applied toward principal and toward interest from a single loan payment or from several payments, and also tells you the remaining balance of the - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 70
70 Section 3: Basic Financial Functions Keystrokes Display 1498.12ÞP g 12f! ~ :$ :n -1,498.12 following any that have already been amortized. Thus, if you now press 12f!, your hp 12c platinum will calculate the amounts applied to interest and to the principal from the second year's payments ( - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 71
3: Basic Financial Functions 71 interest rate (5.25%) as in the preceding example. Calculate the monthly payment, then calculate the amounts applied to interest and to the principal from Remaining balance. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 71 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 72
hp 12c platinum provides functions for the two most widely-used methods of discounted cash flow analysis: fl (net present value) and fL (internal rate of return). These functions enable you to analyze financial problems projected cash flow losses. NPV is calculated by adding the initial investment ( - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 73
investment is not financially attractive. Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) Calculating NPV for Ungrouped for problems involving less than 80 cash flows, by using the procedure described next (under Calculating NPV flow. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 73 of 275 Printed - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 74
for $130,000; and he anticipates the cash flows shown in the diagram below. Calculate NPV to determine whether the investment would result in a return or a loss. Note that financial and storage registers. -80,000.00 Stores CF0 (with minus sign for a negative cash flow). File name: hp 12c pt_user - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 75
positive, the investment would increase the financial value of the investor's assets. Calculating NPV for Grouped Cash Flows. A maximum of 80 cash flow amounts (in addition to the initial investment CF0) can be stored in the hp 12c platinum.* However, problems involving more than 80 cash flows can - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 76
they occur consecutively: 1. Press fCLEARH to clear the financial and storage registers. 2. Key in the amount of , then press ga. If ga is not pressed, the calculator assumes that Nj is 1 for the CFj just entered. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 76 of 275 Printed - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 77
flow amounts have been entered. 13.50 Stores i. 907.77 NPV. Since NPV is positive, the investment would increase the financial value of the investor's assets by $907.77. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 77 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 78
Financial Functions Calculating Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 1. Enter the cash flows using either of the methods described above under Calculating Net Present Value. 2. Press fL. The calculated . File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 78 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 79
Financial is decreased by 1. If this is done, or if you manually change the number in the n register in order to display If this is not done, NPV and IRR calculations will give incorrect results; also, a review of name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 79 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 80
80 Section 4: Additional Financial Functions To display all the cash flow amounts and the number of times they flow amount occurs consecutively into the display. 3. Press ga. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 80 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 81
decrease the financial value of the investor's assets. Example 2: Change N5 from 2 to 4, then calculate the new NPV calculated IRR since the first time we calculated NPV. The IRR calculation replaced the 13.5 we keyed into i before calculating NPV with the result for IRR - 13.72. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 82
82 Section 4: Additional Financial Functions Bond Calculations The hp 12c platinum enables you to solve for bond price (and the interest accrued since the last interest date) and the yield to maturity.* The fE and fS calculations are done assuming a semiannual coupon payment and using an actual/ - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 83
Financial amount of time to produce an answer, during which the calculator displays running. Example: The market is quoting 122.125% ) date. Bond yield. After solving a bond problem, the FV register contains the redemption value plus name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 83 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 84
84 Section 4: Additional Financial Functions Depreciation Calculations The hp 12c platinum enables you to calculate depreciation and the remaining value after first year. Depreciation in second year. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 84 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 85
13. That section also includes a procedure for depreciation calculations when changing from the declining-balance method to the straight-line method, and a procedure for calculating excess depreciation. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 85 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 86
manually reset Continuous Memory as follows: 1. Turn the calculator off. 2. Hold down the - key, and press ;. When Continuous Memory is reset: z All registers are cleared. z Program memory consists of eight program lines, each containing the instruction name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 86 of 275 Printed - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 87
\ 5- 19.87 14.87 Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display 19.87456325} 19.87 14.87 Although you see only two decimal places, all calculations in your hp 12c platinum are performed with full 10-digit numbers. When only two decimal places are displayed, numbers are rounded to two decimal places: if the - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 88
the following examples, notice how the displayed form of the number inside the calculator - 14.87456320 - is rounded to the specified number of digits. Keystrokes point. The File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 88 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 89
1487456320 1.487456 01 14.87 All 10 digits of the number inside the calculator. Display returns to its former contents when the X key is released. Returns display to standard format. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 89 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 90
second number. But then you realize that when written down on paper, the desired calculation reads 144.25 - 25.83, so that you have unfortunately keyed in the second pressing the operation key. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 90 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 91
quantity into display. Recalls unit cost into display again. Cost of a package of 250. Another method for doing arithmetic calculations with constants is described on page 235. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 91 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 92
000) by the number of retail outlets (987) in order to calculate the average number distributed by each outlet. Unfortunately, you mistakenly key 429000\ 987z 429,000.00 Begins the problem over. 434.65 The correct answer. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 92 of 275 Printed - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 93
Section 6 Statistics Functions Accumulating Statistics The hp 12c platinum can perform one- or two-variable statistical calculations. The data is entered into the calculator using the _ key, which automatically calculates and stores statistics of the data into storage registers R1, through R6. ( - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 94
instead of _. Then enter the correct data point or data pair and press _. Mean Pressing gÖ calculates the means (arithmetic averages) of the x-values ( x ) and of the y-values ( y ). sell each month? File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 94 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 95
entry. Fourth entry. Fifth entry. Sixth entry. Total number of entries in the sample. Mean dollar sales per month ( x ). Mean workweek in hours ( y ). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 95 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 96
: Keystrokes Display gv ~ 4,820.59 6.03 Standard deviation of sales. Standard deviation of hours worked. The formulas used in the hp 12c platinum for calculating sx and sy give best estimates of the population standard deviation based on a sample of the population. Thus, current statistical - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 97
or the linear estimation accurately because such calculations would exceed the precision of the calculator. For instance, while the standard deviation of the values 1,999,999; 2,000,000 and 2,000,001 is 1; the standard deviation returned by the hp 12c platinum is 0 due to the effect of roundoff - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 98
close to 1, so the sales calculated in the preceding example is a good estimate. To graph the regression line, calculate the coefficients of the linear equation is: y = 15.55 + 0.001x File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 98 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 99
weight. Weighted mean cost per gallon. A procedure for calculating the standard deviation and standard error (as well as the mean) of weighted or grouped data is included in the hp 12c platinum Solutions Handbook. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 99 of 275 Printed Date - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 100
Section 7 Mathematics and Number-Alteration Functions The hp 12c platinum provides several keys for mathematical functions and for altering numbers. These functions are useful for specialized financial calculations as well as for general mathematics calculations. One-Number Functions Most of the - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 101
above functions can be done with a number in the display resulting from a previous calculation, as well as with a number you have just keyed in. The examples below of the number previously displayed. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 101 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 102
is designated by the x on the key) 3. Press } to calculate the power. To Calculate Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display 21.4 2q1.4} 2.64 2-1.4 2q1.4Þ} 0.38 (-2)3 2Þq3} -8.00 3 2 or 21/3 2q3y} 1.26 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 102 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 103
Part II Programming File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 103 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 104
then storing it: 1. Write down the sequence of keystrokes that you would use to calculate the quantity or quantities desired. 2. Select the mode you want to use (by program is used. 104 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 104 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 105
is added. First, we'll manually calculate the net cost of an problem manually. Do not key in 200; this number will vary each time the program is used. Don't be concerned right now about what appears in the display as you press the keys; we'll discuss that later in this section. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 106
just as if you were calculating manually. When a program is run, it uses the data already keyed into the display and the registers inside the calculator. 3. Press t to begin program execution. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 106 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 107
aspects of programming, we need to briefly discuss how keystrokes are treated by the calculator when they are stored in Program mode and when they are executed in Run mode. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 107 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 108
stored in that program line. No code is shown for program line 000, since no regular instruction is stored there. Identifying Instructions in Program Lines Each key on the hp 12c platinum keyboard - except for the digit keys 0 through 9 - is identified by a two-digit "keycode" that corresponds to - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 109
check several or all of the instructions stored in program memory. The hp 12c platinum enables you to review program instructions either forward or backward through program memory: z Pressing Ê (single step) while the calculator is in Program mode advances the calculator to the next line in program - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 110
gÜ gÜ 001, 000, Keystrokes (ALG mode) gÜ gÜ Display 001, 000, Sets calculator to Program mode and displays current line of program memory 30 Program line 001: 2 line 001. Program line 000. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 110 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 111
the Ê key or the Ü key is held down, the calculator displays all of the lines in program memory. Press Ê again now be able to tell from the keycodes displayed, the instruction in program line 008 is gi000. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 111 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 112
Program Memory If no instructions have been keyed into program memory, if Continuous Memory has been reset, or if fCLEARÎ has been pressed (in Program mode), program memory consists of 8 program lines, and there are 20 storage registers available for storage of data. File name: hp 12c pt_user - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 113
memory, press gN (memory). The calculator will respond with a display like the program keyed in above - by a : instruction, and then storing the number in the designated financial decisions, there is a trade off involved; here it is between program lines and data storage registers. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 114
when the Ç key is released the instruction in the program line just displayed is executed and the display then shows the result of executing that line. For example, to execute the program stored in the calculator one line at a time: File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 114 of - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 115
006, 5. 007, 473.75 Sets calculator to Run mode and to line 000 in program memory. (Display shown assumes results remain from previous calculation.) Keys in price of typewriter. 36 line of the program). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 115 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 116
in program memory. (Display shown assumes results remain from previous calculation.) 625 625. Keys in price of typewriter. Ç 001, 30 as it did before gÜ was pressed: no instruction in program memory is executed. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 116 of 275 Printed - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 117
hp 12c platinum provides two functions for doing so: gu (pause) and t (run/stop). Pausing During Program Execution When a running program executes a gu instruction, program execution halts for about 1 second, then resumes. During the pause, the calculator beginning the manual calculation - and - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 118
do the calculations manually, since in Run mode the result of every intermediate calculation is displayed automatically; but we'll include gu instructions in the cost of item. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 118 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 119
to display. TAX. Adds TAX to sum of TAX entries in register R . 2 TOTAL. Adds TOTAL to sum of TOTAL entries in register R3. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 119 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 120
will vary each time the program is run. Keystrokes (RPN mode) Display fs Sets calculator to Program mode. fCLEARÎ § 000, 001, Clears program memory. 20 gu 002, 36 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 120 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 121
run in the same manner as the RPN version. In the instructions below, the \ key is the same as the } key 345. 1,725.00 116.44 1,841.44 5,967.70 Sets calculator to Run mode. Clears registers R1- R6. Stores tax rate. name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 121 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 122
you can prolong it by using more than one gu instruction. Alternatively, you can have the program automatically stop as (ALG mode) fs fCLEARÎ Display 000, Sets calculator to Program mode. Clears program memory. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 122 of 275 Printed Date: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 123
68.5 890.50 60.11 950.61 72.9 1,312.20 88.57 1,400.77 85. 2,040.00 Sets calculator to Run mode. Clears registers R through R . 1 6 First item. AMOUNT for first item. TAX for first for third item. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 123 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 124
t instructions in your program and you want to determine which one that is. To continue executing the program afterward: 1. Press fs to set the calculator back manually, you can determine at which program line execution has halted and/or resume program execution as described above. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 125
to create loops (as described next); forward branching is typically done in conjunction with a go or gm instruction for conditional branching (as described afterward). 125 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 125 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 126
a go or gm instruction (described below) or an t instruction within the loop. You in the financial registers - just as we would do if we were amortizing a single payment manually. We'll Display fs fCLEARÎ ?0 :0 Sets calculator to Program mode. 000, Clears : hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 126 of 275 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 127
to be amortized can be recalled to the display before the f! instruction in line 003 is executed. 0.00 Sets calculator to Run mode. (Display shown assumes no results remain from previous calculations.) 0.00 Clears financial registers. 360.00 Enters n. 0.40 Enters i. 150,000.00 Enters PV - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 128
: gu. -189.47 007,43, 33,002 Line 007: gi002. This is the end of the second pass through the loop. -189.47 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 128 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 129
. For example, a program used by an accountant to calculate taxes might need to branch to different program lines depending on the tax rate for the particular income level. The hp 12c platinum provides two conditional test instructions that are used in programs for conditional branching: z go - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 130
writing the program to show the quantities in each register after each instruction is executed, as in the following diagram (which shows an RPN mode program, although it works in a similar way in ALG mode.). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 130 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 131
Y-register when the b instruction in line 008 is executed. Keystrokes (RPN mode) Display f] fs 007,43, 33,002 Sets calculator to Program mode. (Display in X-register and test value in Y-register. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 131 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 132
the :0 instruction in program line 002 is executed. This instruction will place calculator to Program mode. (Display shows program line at which execution was halted at end of preceding example.) fCLEARÎ 000, Clears program memory. ?9 001, 44 9 Stores income into register R9. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 133
X-register. Divides tax rate by 100. Calculates tax. Sets calculator to Run mode. (Display shows results of good practice with programs containing conditional test instructions to check that the program branches correctly name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 133 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 134
003, 43 Income has been placed in X-register and test value has been placed in Y-register. 34 Line 003 go. 20,000.00 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 134 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 135
income to Y-register. 006,43, 33,008 Line 006: gi008. 25.00 008, 25 Line 008: b. 6,250.00 25% of 25,000 = 6,250. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 135 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 136
income to Y-register. 25 Line 010: b. 0.20 011, Divides tax rate by 100. 36 Line 011: }. 3,000.00 20% of 15,000 = 3,000. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 136 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 137
tax rate by 100. 36 Line 011: }. 4,000.00 20% of 20,000 = 4,000. 012,43,33,000 Line 012: gi000. 4,000.00 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 137 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 138
. 25.00 010, 25 Line 010: b. 0.25 011, Divides tax rate by 100. 36 Line 011: }. 6,250.00 25% of 25,000 = 6,250. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 138 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 139
. gi.004 004,43, 33,007 Sets calculator to program line preceding that containing the instruction to be changed. :6 005, 45 6 Keys new instruction into program line 005, replacing the :2 instruction previously there. 139 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 139 of 275 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 140
fs to set the calculator to Program mode. 2. Press gi. followed by three digits that specify the last line you keyed into program memory (that is, the highest numbered line, not necessarily the line most recently keyed in). 3. Key in the new instruction or instructions. File name: hp 12c pt_user - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 141
into program memory. Keys new instruction into program line 012. Keys new instruction into program line 013. Keys new instruction into program line 014. Keys new instruction into program line 015. Sets calculator back to Run mode. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 141 of - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 142
program line to be executed before the added instruction(s). This sets the calculator to the proper program line for adding the new instruction(s) in the next step. 3. Key in the new instruction or instructions. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 142 of 275 Printed Date - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 143
(ALG mode) fs gi.011 t Display 011, 012, Sets calculator to Program mode. 36 Sets calculator to last line keyed into program memory for original program. 31 Keys new instruction into program line 012. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 143 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 144
tax is subtracted from $15,000 income. Adding Instructions by Branching 1. Press fs to set the calculator to Program mode. 2. Press gi. followed by was not already a gi000 instruction remaining at the end of program memory), and it File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 144 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 145
of program. gi.010 010, 30 Sets calculator to last line of program so that the gi000 instruction keyed in next will be stored as the last line of the current program. gi000 011,43, 33,000 Ends the current program with a gi000. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 146
to program line immediately preceding point at which new instructions are being added. (In this particular example, this step could have been skipped since calculator was already set at the proper program line.) File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 146 of 275 Printed Date - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 147
018, the second line after last line of program. Sets calculator to last line of program so that the gi000 instruction keyed in next will be stored as the last line of than $20,000. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 147 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 148
148 Section 10: Program Editing The following illustration of the edited RPN program shows how program execution branches to the instructions added at the end of program memory, then branches back. While the actual program in ALG mode is different, the illustration does indicate the method - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 149
instructions that will halt program execution after each program is run and return to the beginning of the program if it is run again. You can run programs after the first one stored in program memory by setting the calculator File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 149 of 275 Printed Date: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 150
to be stored in program memory, we'll ensure that a i000 instruction separates it from the first program by doing step 3 in the procedure calculator to Program mode. Sets calculator to last line keyed into program memory. Ensures that second program is separated from first by i000. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 151
'll specify that line number with the i instruction in line 041. Keystrokes (RPN mode) Display fs Sets calculator to Program mode. gi.027 027,43, 33,019 Sets calculator to last line keyed into program memory. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 151 of 275 Printed Date - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 152
to Program mode. 033,43, 33,025 Sets calculator to last line keyed into program memory. 034, 44 0 035, 45 0 036, 42 11 037, 43 31 Keys in program 038, 34 039, 43 31 040,43, 33,035 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 152 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 153
(ALG mode) fs gi025 625t Display 12,000.00 12,000.00 473.75 Sets calculator to Program mode. Sets calculator to first line of program to be executed. Net cost of typewriter. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 153 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 154
- HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 155
Part III Solutions File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 155 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 156
the mortgage amount; press $.* d. To obtain the periodic payment amount, press P.* 3. Calculate and key in the actual net amount disbursed.* RPN Mode: z If fees are ; negative for cash paid out. 156 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 156 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 157
160,000.00 Loan amount (into PV). -908.46 Monthly payment (calculated). Actual amount received 156,800.00 by borrower (into PV). 0.47 % monthly interest rate (calculated). 5.68 Annual percentage rate. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 157 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 158
160,000.00 -908.46 156,050.00 Months (into n) Percent monthly interest rate (into i). Loan amount (into PV). Monthly payment (calculated). Effective mortgage amount (into PV). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 158 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 159
) ¼ Display 0.48 12§ §12³ 5.73 Monthly interest rate (calculated). Annual percentage rate. Price of a Mortgage Traded at a Discount or for cash received; negative for cash paid out. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 159 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 160
is 12%. (Since the payment amount is not given, it must be calculated.) Keystrokes (RPN mode) Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display f] f[ g fCLEARG problem is in seen from the viewpoint of the lender who will be receiving payments. The negative PV indicates money that was lent out. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 161
The annual yield of a mortgage bought at a discount or premium can be calculated given the original mortgage amount, interest rate, and periodic payment, as well received; negative for cash paid out. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 161 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 162
.00 0.50 300000Þ$ 300000Þ$ -300,000.00 P P 2,096.57 Input the number of periods (into n). Monthly interest rate (into PV). Mortgage amount (into PV). Payment (calculated). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 162 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 163
of the loan after five years. New life of loan. Percent monthly yield. (calculated). Percent annual yield. The Rent or Buy Decision The question of whether to rent or to capital gains tax. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 163 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 164
, 45 0 1 020, 1§ 020, 20 2 021, 21 021, 1 * FV is repeated in the program twice to ensure that it is computed and not stored. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 164 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 165
, 14 :7 041, 45 7 :.1 041,45 48 1 b 042, 25 - 042, 30 - 043, 30 :7 043, 45 7 :$ 044, 45 13 b 044, 25 - 045, 30 - 045, 30 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 165 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 166
PMT: Used R0: Period R4: Taxes/Mo R8: Rent R1: Dwn Pmt R5: Improve./mo R9: Savings i R2: Life R6: Closing C. R.0: Tax Bracket File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 166 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 167
calculations which reflect the tax advantages of home ownership. Because of the complexities of tax laws and different financial and tax considerations for each individual, this program should only serve as a guide in this calculation. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 167 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 168
interest rate. 30.00 Tax bracket. 30.00 Clear financial registers. 4.00 Years in investment. 5.00 Yearly appreciation rate. 270,000.00 House price. 53,095.65 NCPR (calculated). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 168 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 169
for a specified number of periods; the payments are deferred. The technique for calculating NPV may be applied assuming zero for the first cash flow. Refer to made at the beginning of the period. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 169 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 170
. Second through sixth cash flows. Next twelve cash flows. Last six cash flows. Monthly interest rate. Amount to invest to achieve a 13.5% yield. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 170 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 171
Depreciation For both income tax purposes and financial analyses, it is valuable to calculate depreciation based on a calendar or fiscal accounting year's depreciation. Straight-Line Depreciation The following hp 12c platinum program calculates the straight-line depreciation for the year desired - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 172
0 027, 43 35 028,43, 33, 038 029, 45 2 030, 43 31 031, 45 0 032, 42 23 033, 31 034, 1 035,44 40 0 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 172 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 173
in the book value then press $. 4. Key in the salvage value then press M. 5. Key in the life in years (an integer) then press n. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 173 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 174
is the total depreciation after 3 years? * The display will pause showing the year number before showing the amount of depreciation for that year. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 174 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 175
5,000.00 3,333.33 Twenty-fifth year: depreciation, remaining depreciable value. 26.00 3,333.33 0.00 Twenty-sixth year: depreciation, remaining depreciable value. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 175 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 176
Display 6,730.00 5.00 1.00 1.00 504.75 Book value. Life. First year: depreciation. Declining-Balance Depreciation The following hp 12c platinum program calculates the declining-balance depreciation for the year desired with the acquisition date occurring at any time during the year. KEYSTROKES - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 177
,43,33, 022 1 031, 45 2 ?+0 032, 43 31 ?+2 033, 45 13 gi025 030, 1 031,44 40 0 032,44 40 2 033,43,33, 025 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 177 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 178
value then press M. 5. Key in the declining-balance factor as a percentage then press ¼. 6. Key in the life in years (an integer) then press n. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 178 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 179
000.00 150.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 Book value. Salvage value. Declining-balance factor. Life. Year desired. Second year: * Refer to straight-line depreciation instruction note, page 174. † The display will pause showing the year number before showing the amount of depreciation for that year. File name - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 180
Analysis Keystrokes (RPN mode) Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display 11,458.33 depreciation. Sum-of-the-Years-Digits Depreciation The following hp 12c platinum program calculates the sum-of-the-years-digits depreciation for the year desired with the acquisition date occurring at any time during the year - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 181
:M 038, 45 15 :2 038, 45 2 - 039, 30 gu 039, 43 31 :3 040, 45 3 :$ 040, 45 13 gi030 041,43,33, 030 - 041, 30 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 181 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 182
in the book value then press $. 4. Key in the salvage value then press M. 5. Key in the life in years (an integer) then press n. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 182 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 183
f[ fCLEARG 12000$ 500M 25n 4³ Display 12,000.00 500.00 25.00 4.00 Book value. Salvage value. Life. Year desired. * Refer to straight-line depreciation instruction note, page 174. † The display will pause showing the year number before showing the amount of depreciation for that year. File name - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 184
it is often advantageous for tax purposes to switch from declining balance to straight-line depreciation at some point. This hp 12c platinum program calculates the optimum crossover point and automatically switches to straight-line depreciation at the appropriate time. The crossover point is the - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 185
- 027, 30 :1 027, 45 1 ~ 028, 34 :$ 028, 45 13 :0 029, 45 0 - 029, 30 1 030, 1 :M 030, 45 15 go 031, 43 34 ³ 031, 36 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 185 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 186
:M 051, 45 15 gi065 052,43,33, 065 z 052, 10 d 0 :0 053, 054, 055, 33 :4 0³ 45 0 go 053, 054, 055, 45 4 36 43 34 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 186 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 187
?-2 075,44 30 2 ?+1 076,44 40 1 ?=0 076,44 40 0 1 077, 1 :5 077, 45 5 ?-0 078,44 30 0 ?-1 078,44 30 1 ?+2 079,44 40 2 :3 079, 45 3 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 187 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 188
, 096, 45 2 43 31 33 31 :6 gm 097, 098, 45 6 43 35 gi079 099,43,33, 079 gi063 fs 100,43,33, 063 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 188 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 189
press ³. 8. Key in the number of months in the first year* then press t† to calculate the amount of depreciation for the desired year. 9. If desired, press ~ to see the depreciation for that year. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 189 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 190
through the seventh year. Eight year: depreciation Ninth year: depreciation. * By observation the crossover was year 6. Years 7, 8, and 9 use straight-line depreciation. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 190 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 191
charge. 3. Press - to get the excess depreciation. ALG Mode: 1. Calculate the total depreciation then press -gØ. 2. Key in the depreciable amount (cost . Total straight-line depreciation. Excess depreciation File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 191 of 275 Printed Date: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 192
the computed yield rate. This assumption is financially reasonable as long as the rate is procedure eliminates the sign change problem and the reinvestment (or Calculate the present value of the negative cash flows (NPV) at the safe rate. 3. Knowing n, PV, and FV, solve for i. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 193
180,000 1 5 100,000 2 5 -100,000 3 9 0 4 1 200,000 Calculate the MIRR using a safe rate of 6% and a reinvestment (risk) rate of 10%. Keystrokes 0.81 9.70 Monthly MIRR Annual MIRR. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 193 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 194
publication in the early 1970's. The five inputs are simply keyed into the five financial variables and then t displays the call option value, and ~ shows the put 45 14 25 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 194 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 195
, 16 :3 035, 45 3 g> 036, 43 22 } 036, 36 ~ 037, 34 ?3 037, 44 3 3 038, 3 g¡ 038, 43 20 . 039, 48 z 039, 10 0 040, 02 040, 2 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 195 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 196
2 8 058, 8§ 058, 20 7 059, 7 ~ 059, 34 + 060, 40 } 060, 36 § 061, 20 1 061, 1 . 062, 48 8 062, 8 2 063, 27 063, 7 b 064, 25 § 064, 20 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 196 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 197
O 085, 35 ~ 085, 34 ?5 086, 44 5 go 086, 43 34 ~ 087, 34 g(093 087,43, 33, 093 g(028 088,43,33, 028 1 088, 1 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 197 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 198
5 ~ 104, 34 g(037 105,43, 33, 037 ~ 106, 34 :$ 107, 45 13 ?-4 108,44 30 4 § 109, 20 :3 110, 45 3 - 111, 30 :6 112, 45 6 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 198 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 199
a PMT arbitrarily close to 0. Program Instructions 1. Key in the program. 2. Enter the five inputs into the five financial registers. These values are preserved by the Press ~ to see the Put value. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 199 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 200
rate %. Monthly volatility %. The next example is Example 12.7 from Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives (5th Edition) by John C. Hull (Prentice Hall, 2002). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 200 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 201
40.00 4.76 0.81 Time to expiry (years). Interest rate (% per year). Stock price. Volatility (% per year). Strike price. Call value. Put value. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 201 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 202
the total number of payments made in advance then press -?0n. 4. Key in or calculate the periodic interest rate as a percentage then press ¼. 5. Press 1ÞP$+:0³. 6. Key to be received by the lessor. 202 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 202 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 203
of periodic payments. Monthly payment to be received. If solving for the payment amount will be done repetitively, key in the following hp 12c platinum program. KEYSTROKES (RPN mode) DISPLAY KEYSTROKES (ALG mode) DISPLAY fs fs fCLEARΠg fCLEARG :0 :1 n :2 000, 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 204
lessor. 6. For a new case, return to step 2. The values changed from the previous case are the only values which need to be entered. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 204 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 205
) the calculation could also be done as follows: Keystrokes (RPN mode) Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display g× g× fCLEARG fCLEARG 12n 12n 12.00 15gC 15gC 1.25 750Þ$P 750Þ$P 66.86 Duration of lease. Periodic interest rate (into i). Monthly payment to be received. File name: hp 12c pt_user - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 206
206 Section 14: Leasing Solving for Yield To calculate the periodic yield, information is entered as follows: 00 Number of periodic payments. Monthly payment. PV. -23,200.00 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 206 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 207
mode) ¼ Keystrokes (ALG mode) ¼ Display 1.44 12§ §12³ 17.33 Monthly yield (calculated). Annual yield (as a percentage). If solving for yield will be done repetitively, key in the following hp 12c platinum program: KEYSTROKES (RPN mode) DISPLAY KEYSTROKES (ALG mode) DISPLAY fs fs fCLEAR - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 208
.48 Number of payments. Number of advance payments. Periodic payment. Annual yield (as a percentage). Annual yield (as a percentage) when PMT is increased $25. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 208 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 209
40 45 2 36 0 M :n :4 - 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 0 ?5 15 0 45 11 M 45 4 :n 30 - 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 44 5 0 15 45 11 30 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 209 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 210
in the program. 2. Key in the total number of payments then press ?0. 3. Key in or calculate the periodic interest rate then press ?1. 4. Key in the loan amount then press ?2. 5. Key in by the lessor. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 210 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 211
mode) Display 18\12z ?1t 18z12³ ?1t 487.29 1.50 520.81 From previous example. Monthly interest rate. Monthly payment received by lessor. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 211 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 212
amount of cash advanced. Thirty-four cash flows of $145.00. Thirty-fifth cash flow. Thirty-sixth cash flow. Annual yield to lessor. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 212 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 213
\ 4nz¼ Keystrokes (ALG mode) f[ g fCLEARG 5.25z 4¼ Display 5.25 1.31 ÞPM ÞP4nM 5.35 Nominal rate. Percent quarterly interest rate. Percent effective interest rate. 213 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 213 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 214
214 Section 15: Savings For repeated calculations, the following hp 12c platinum program can be used: KEYSTROKES (RPN mode) fs DISPLAY KEYSTROKES (ALG mode) fs DISPLAY fCLEARÎ 000, fCLEARÎ 000, g 001, 43 8 g 001, 43 8 fCLEARG n z ¼ Þ P M fs 002, - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 215
interest rate and the number of compounding periods per year, this routine calculates the nominal interest rate. 1. Press fCLEARG. 2. Key in the number §:n³ to obtain the annual nominal rate. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 215 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 216
from a 5.25% passbook rate with continuous compounding? Keystrokes (RPN mode) f] 1\5.25b g> à Keystrokes (ALG mode) f[ 1³5.25b g> à Display 0.05 1.05 5.39 Effective rate. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 216 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 217
for the yield given the price of a semiannual coupon bond which is calculated on a 30/360 day basis and is held for more than six gÒ 012, 43 26 d 013, 33 d 013, 33 217 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 217 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 218
~ 034, 34 :6 034, 45 6 Þ 035, 16 ~ 035, 34 :6 036, 45 6 Þ 036, 16 - 037, 30 - 037, 30 g(000 038,43,33, 000 :6 038, 45 6 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 218 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 219
)* then press ?4. 6. Key in the redemption value as a percentage of par then press ?5. * For information about date format see pages 37 to 38. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 219 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 220
yield of 4.75%? What price should you pay for a yield of 4.5%? This problem assumes a redemption value of 100. Keystrokes (RPN mode) f] ?Æ Keystrokes (ALG into R0. Price (calculated). Accrued interest (calculated). New yield into R0. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 220 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 221
) Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display 0?0 105?1t 0?0 105?1t 104.74 0.00 4.05 104?1t 104?1t 4.33 From previous example. Yield at 105% (calculated). Yield at 104% (calculated). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 221 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 222
Coupon Bonds For bonds which have annual coupons, use the following hp 12c platinum program to evaluate price and accrued interest on an Actual/Actual day basis. This program may be modified for annual coupon bonds to be calculated on a 30/360 day basis. KEYSTROKES (RPN mode) DISPLAY KEYSTROKES - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 223
, 16 :2 033, 45 2 § 034, 20 Þ 034, 16 t 035, 31 + 035, 40 - 036, 30 t 036, 31 fs ~ 037, 34 ³ 038, 36 Þ 039, 16 fs File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 223 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 224
R4: Settlement R5: Next Cpn. R6: Last Coupon R7: Used R8-R.5: Unused For annual coupon bonds calculated on a 30/360 day basis, insert d after gÒ at steps 19 and 23 in the RPN mode date format see page 37. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 224 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 225
8.152004?4 8.152004?4 8.15 12.012004?5 12.012004?5 12.01 t t -4.58 t t -94.75 Redemption value. Settlement date. Next coupon date. Accrued interest. Purchase price. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 225 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 226
- HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 227
Appendices File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 227 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 228
Appendix A RPN and the Stack In RPN mode, four special registers in the hp 12c platinum are used for storing numbers during calculations. To understand how these registers are used, they should be visualized as stacked on top of each other. (For this reason, they are generally referred - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 229
into and rearranged within the stack, and the effect of the various hp 12c platinum functions on the numbers in the stack. Getting Numbers Into the Stack: in the stack when you enter the numbers 10 and 3 (to calculate, for example, 10 ÷ 3). (Assume that the stack registers have been already - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 230
register with that in the displayed X-register, is used to display the second number calculated. The Key When d (roll down) is pressed the number in each stack is entered after \ is pressed. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 230 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 231
in the X-register. For example, to do each of the four arithmetic calculations shown below, you would put the 8 in the Y-register (using \ and then key the 2 into the displayed X-register.) File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 231 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 232
been loaded with the numbers shown as the result of previous calculations.) Percentage Functions When any of the three percentage functions is performed when a percentage function is performed. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 232 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 233
is in each stack register after the indicated calendar or financial function key is pressed. The symbols x, y, z, and maturity date) RDV (remaining depreciable value) X PRICE YTM DEP File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 233 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 234
229 illustrates how the automatic stack lift and stack drop make chain calculations quick and error-free. * Except for \, O, _, ^. For more information, refer to Stack Lift, page 230. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 234 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 235
calculation at the innermost calculation manually (that is, using pencil and paper). For example, consider the calculation of 3 [4 + 5 (6 + 7)] If this calculation with the calculation in the innermost + 7)]. Arithmetic Calculations with Constants Because next 3 years. Calculate the annual sales - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 236
displayed X-register. Cost of a package of 250. * You may want to compare this method of arithmetic calculations with constants to the method using F described on page 91. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 236 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 237
digit key starts a new calculation, or z pressing an operator key continues the calculation. Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display OO 77.35- 0.00 77.35 Clears any pending operations. Enters first number and prepares to subtract. 237 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 237 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 238
calculation. New calculation: 65 ×12 z3.5} 27.64 Calculates 96.75 ÷ 3.5 You can also do long calculations without pressing } after each intermediate calculation Calculations in ALG Mode To do a chain calculation a longer chain calculation: 456 − 75 × 68 18.5 1.9 This calculation can be written as - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 239
, the displayed number is copied into the LAST X register when a new calculation commences either with digit entry (i.e., when one of the digits 0-9, the decimal is an example of its use in the Combinations program in the hp 12c platinum Solutions Handbook. The History Stack in ALG Mode In ALG mode, - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 240
) The stack diagrams showing the output for the Calendar and Financial functions on page 233 are the same for ALG as RPN operations. 8zgØ5- 5.00 No calculation is done. 1gÙ ³ 4.00 2.00 Calculates 5 − 1. Calculates 8 . (5 − 1) File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 240 of - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 241
% of 200, press: 200 § 25 b}. (Result is 50.) You can also calculate a net amount all in one calculation: For instance, to decrease 200 by 25%, just enter 200-25b}. (Result is 12% decrease. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 241 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 242
OO if you are unsure if there are any pending operations. To Calculate Keystrokes (ALG mode) Display 21.4 2q1.4} 2.64 2-1.4 2q1.4Þ} 0.38 (-2)3 2Þq3} -8.00 3 2 or 21/3 2q3y} 1.26 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 242 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 243
is unable to determine whether or not an answer or answers exist. Let's look at all of the possible outcomes of IRR as calculated by your hp 12c platinum: Case 1: A positive answer. If a positive answer is displayed, it is the only such answer. One or more negative answers may also exist. Case - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 244
help you make a good guess. Remember that a correct IRR solution will make the calculated NPV very small. So continue to guess interest rates and solve for NPV until the the process by pressing :gt. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 244 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 245
attempt such an operation under these conditions, the calculator will display the word Error followed by a y < 0 and x is noninteger. y = 0 y = 0 x = 0 x is noninteger x < 0 245 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 245 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 246
. z Attempting to i to a program line that does not exist. z Attempting storage register arithmetic in R5 through R9 or R.0 through R.9. z Too many open parentheses. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 246 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 247
all have same sign. $ i ≤ -100 P n = 0 i ≤ -100 M i ≤ -100 ! x ≤ 0 x is noninteger. l i ≤ -100 V Ý # n ≤ 0 n > 1010 x ≤ 0 x is noninteger E PMT < 0 S PMT < 0 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 247 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 248
has been converted to program lines. l n > 80 L n < 0 n is noninteger a x > 99 x < 0 x is noninteger Attempted to input Nj for CF0 Error 7: IRR Refer to Appendix C. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 248 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 249
problem for all maturity dates except August 29 and 30, add one day to both the settlement date and the maturity date in your calculations. for your calculations. For August 29 and 30, there is no calculator solution that gives the correct answer. File name: hp 12c pt_user's - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 250
corresponds to End, 1 to Begin. = interest amount. = integer portion of n. = fractional portion of n. Simple Interest I360 = n 360 × PV ×i I365 = n 365 × PV ×i 250 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 250 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 251
i|RND × (sign of PMT) for j > 1. = PMT - INTj = PVj -1 + PRNj n ∑ INT = ∑ INTj = INT1 + INT2 + ... + INTn j=1 n ∑ PRN = ∑ PRNj = PRN1 + PRN2 + ... + PRNn j=1 PVn = PV0 + ∑ PRN File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 251 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 252
) if dd2 = 31 and dd1 = 30 or 31 then z = 30 if dd2 = 31 and dd1 < 30 then z = dd2 if dd2 < 31 then z = dd2 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 252 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 253
: Jan Mayle, TIPS Inc., Standard Securities Calculation Methods, Volume 1, Third Edition, Securities Industry 2 YIELD 200 ⎟⎞K ⎠ −1+ DSC E − ⎡CPN ⎢⎣ 2 × DCS ⎤ E ⎥⎦ File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 253 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 254
of period j = RDVj-1 - DPNj where RDV0 = SBV - SAL = remaining book value = RBVj-1 - DPNj where RBV0 = SBV = number of months in partial first year. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 254 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 255
⎠ Declining-Balance Depreciation Keyboard function: DPNj = RBVj − 1 ⋅ FACT 100L for j = 1, 2, ..., L Program for partial first year: DPN1 = SBV ⋅ FACT 100L ⋅ Y1 12 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 255 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 256
annual interest rate as a decimal. = the nominal annual interest rate as a decimal. Finite Compounding EFF = ⎜⎛1+ NOM ⎟⎞C − 1 ⎝ C⎠ Continuous Compounding EFF = (eNOM − 1) File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 256 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 257
2 ⎢⎣ − (∑ y )2 n Standard Deviation sx = n∑ x 2 − (∑ x )2 n(n − 1) sy = n∑ y 2 − (∑ y )2 n(n − 1) Factorial 0! = 1 For n > 1 where n is an integer: n n!= ∏i i =1 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 257 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 258
Mortgage Balance - Commission The interest rate is obtained by solving the financial (compound interest) equation for i using: n = number of proceeds on resale Annual interest rate = 12 × i File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 258 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 259
Service Information Battery The hp 12c platinum is shipped with one 3 Volt CR2032 Lithium battery. Battery life depends on how the calculator is used. If the calculator . Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer's instructions. Do not mutilate, puncture, or dispose of batteries - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 260
Service Information Installing a New Battery The contents of the calculator's Continuous Memory are preserved for a short time while the battery is out of the calculator (provided that you turn off the calculator name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 260 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 261
goes blank, or otherwise does not show the proper result, the calculator requires service.† * The status indicators turned on at the end of this test include some that normally are not displayed on the hp 12c platinum. † If the calculator displays Error 9 as a result of the ;/µ test or the ;/+ test - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 262
does not indicate that your calculator requires service. This test can be terminated by pressing any key out of order (which will, of course, result in the Error 9 display). Both the Error 9 display and the 12 display can be cleared by pressing any key. File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 263
Service Information 263 Warranty hp 12c platinum Financial Calculator; Warranty period: 12 months 1. HP warrants to you, the end-user customer, that HP either new or like-new. 2. HP warrants to you that HP software will not fail to execute its programming instructions after the date of purchase, for - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 264
HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP 32-2-7126219 +420-5-41422523 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 264 of 275 Printed Date: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 265
ROTC = Rest of the country Please logon to http://www.hp.com for the latest service and support information. Regulatory Information This section contains information that shows how the hp 12c platinum financial calculator complies with regulations in certain regions. Any modifications to the - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 266
: z Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. z Relocate the calculator, with respect to the receiver. Canada This Class B digital apparatus office, your household waste disposal service or the shop where you purchased the product. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 266 of - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 267
the financial problem you are solving. The remainder of this appendix describes three types of financial calculations calculations used by Building Societies are rounded; therefore, to match their scale repayment figures you would have to round your calculations accordingly. 267 File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 268
and the payment mode set to End, the effective annual rate can be calculated by pressing ÞP, then keying in the number of compounding periods per year and with your local authorized Hewlett-Packard dealer. File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 268 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 269
Followed by number key, decimal point and number key, or top row financial key, stores displayed number in storage register specified (page 27). Also used X-registers (page 40). 269 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 269 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 270
for compound interest calculations involving payments (page 46). Ï Calculates simple interest (page 42). w Stores or computes number of periods in financial problem (page 41 R1 through R6 (page 94). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 270 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 271
and y-values using accumulated statistics ] sets calculator to RPN mode (page 19). (page 94). [ sets calculator to Computes weighted average of y-(item the displayed X-register (pages 91 and 234). File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 271 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 272
r20 (page 113) Pressed from keyboard: CLEARÎ Resets calculator (in Run mode) so operations begin at line 000 of program memory. Does not erase program memory. Executed as a recorded program instruction 272 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 272 of 275 Printed Date: 2005 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 273
instructions are execution at next executed (page 116). program memory line. If false, calculator skips Any key. Pressing any next line before key on the keyboard resuming execution stops execution of a (page 129) program (page 124) File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 274
, adding instructions by, 144 financial registers, 19 Clearing operations, 17, 19 Clearing prefix keys, 17 Clearing program memory, 19, 105 Clearing statistics registers, 19, 93 Clearing storage registers, 19, 29, 86 Clearing X-register, 19 Compound growth, 47, 49 274 File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 275
Conditional test instructions, 129 Constants, arithmetic calculations with, 235 Constants, arithmetic calculations with, Financial registers, clearing, 42 Fractional, 101 Future value, 46 Future value, calculating, 61 FV, 46 G , 16, 21, 108, 112, 230 , 17, 21, 108, 114, 125, 130, File name: hp 12c - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 276
, 78, 243 , 101, 231 Indicators, status, 87 Instructions in program lines, 108 Interest rate, annual, 55 Interest 33 Net present value, 72 Net present value, calculating, 73 Nominal interest rate, converting, 213 NPV, name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 276 of 275 Printed Date: - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 277
Present value, 45 Present value, calculating, 56 PRGM status indicator, 104, 88, 100, 231 Reciprocal, 100 registers, 27 Subject Index 277 Registers, financial, 41 Registers, statistics, 93 Renting versus Buying, 163 Residual, 209 Round File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 277 - HP F2231AA | User Guide - Page 278
278 Subject Index X , 40, 42, 69, 82, 90, 94, 96, 125, 129, 230 , 100, 231 , 94, 230 , 97, 230 , 99, 125, 129 Y , 13, 82, 83 , 97, 230 , 102, 231 , 230 Yield, 206, 212 File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27 Page: 278 of 275 Printed Date: 2005/8/1 Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm
-
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8
-
9
-
10
-
11
-
12
-
13
-
14
-
15
-
16
-
17
-
18
-
19
-
20
-
21
-
22
-
23
-
24
-
25
-
26
-
27
-
28
-
29
-
30
-
31
-
32
-
33
-
34
-
35
-
36
-
37
-
38
-
39
-
40
-
41
-
42
-
43
-
44
-
45
-
46
-
47
-
48
-
49
-
50
-
51
-
52
-
53
-
54
-
55
-
56
-
57
-
58
-
59
-
60
-
61
-
62
-
63
-
64
-
65
-
66
-
67
-
68
-
69
-
70
-
71
-
72
-
73
-
74
-
75
-
76
-
77
-
78
-
79
-
80
-
81
-
82
-
83
-
84
-
85
-
86
-
87
-
88
-
89
-
90
-
91
-
92
-
93
-
94
-
95
-
96
-
97
-
98
-
99
-
100
-
101
-
102
-
103
-
104
-
105
-
106
-
107
-
108
-
109
-
110
-
111
-
112
-
113
-
114
-
115
-
116
-
117
-
118
-
119
-
120
-
121
-
122
-
123
-
124
-
125
-
126
-
127
-
128
-
129
-
130
-
131
-
132
-
133
-
134
-
135
-
136
-
137
-
138
-
139
-
140
-
141
-
142
-
143
-
144
-
145
-
146
-
147
-
148
-
149
-
150
-
151
-
152
-
153
-
154
-
155
-
156
-
157
-
158
-
159
-
160
-
161
-
162
-
163
-
164
-
165
-
166
-
167
-
168
-
169
-
170
-
171
-
172
-
173
-
174
-
175
-
176
-
177
-
178
-
179
-
180
-
181
-
182
-
183
-
184
-
185
-
186
-
187
-
188
-
189
-
190
-
191
-
192
-
193
-
194
-
195
-
196
-
197
-
198
-
199
-
200
-
201
-
202
-
203
-
204
-
205
-
206
-
207
-
208
-
209
-
210
-
211
-
212
-
213
-
214
-
215
-
216
-
217
-
218
-
219
-
220
-
221
-
222
-
223
-
224
-
225
-
226
-
227
-
228
-
229
-
230
-
231
-
232
-
233
-
234
-
235
-
236
-
237
-
238
-
239
-
240
-
241
-
242
-
243
-
244
-
245
-
246
-
247
-
248
-
249
-
250
-
251
-
252
-
253
-
254
-
255
-
256
-
257
-
258
-
259
-
260
-
261
-
262
-
263
-
264
-
265
-
266
-
267
-
268
-
269
-
270
-
271
-
272
-
273
-
274
-
275
-
276
-
277
-
278
 |
 |
File name: hp 12c pt_user's guide_English_HDPMF123E27
Page: 1 of 275
Printed Date: 2005/8/1
Dimension: 14.8 cm x 21 cm
hp
12c platinum financial calculator
user's guide
H
Edition 4
HP part number
F2232-90001