HP ML350 Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition
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- HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 1
Serial Attached SCSI storage technology 2nd Edition Abstract...2 Transition from parallel to serial SCSI protocol 2 SAS terminology...2 SAS technology ...3 SAS devices ...3 Initiators ...4 Expanders ...4 Targets ...4 Differential signaling ...5 SAS protocol evolution ...6 SAS-1 ...6 SAS-2 ...6 SAS - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 2
without developing new and expensive technologies. In 2001, HP (Compaq), IBM, LSI Logic, Maxtor, and Seagate The SAS architecture solves the parallel SCSI problems of bus contention, clock skew, and with one another by means of a service delivery subsystem SAS drives that provide maximum - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 3
Zoned portion of a service delivery subsystem (ZPSDS) them better suited for use in multi-drive configurations. The mechanism that contains a transceiver which receiver device to an incoming transmission pattern Contains a vendor-specific interface to another virtual phy A group of physical links - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 4
SAS domain (Figure 1). Each SAS device has a unique worldwide name (SAS address) assigned at manufacturing to simplify its identification in a domain Initiators SAS initiators have multiple ports for connection to internal and/or external targets. Each initiator port can have a single physical link - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 5
Differential signaling All SAS devices have connection points called ports. One or more transceiver mechanisms, called phys, are located in the port of each SAS device. A physical link, consisting of two wire pairs, connects the transmitter of each phy in one device's port to the receiver of a phy - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 6
edge expanders by replacing them with self-configuring expanders. SAS-2 also enables zoning process, linked SAS devices determine their mutually supported SAS speed(s), and other speed-related options, circuitry. Active circuitry includes built-in drivers and repeaters, along with an equalizer. - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 7
for a 9-W small form factor (SFF) SAS drive. Future SAS and SATA disk drives will include more standardized power management features. Today's drives support the Active and Stopped states. The Stopped state is rarely used due to its long recovery time. Table 3. Power management state example for - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 8
advanced command queuing, and advanced verification/error correction, SAS is the ideal solution for mission-critical enterprise storage applications. SAS supports three protocols to handle communications with various devices: Serial Management Protocol (SMP) - manages the point-to-point topology of - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 9
4x (external) cable plug connector and receptacle. Mini SAS 4x cable connectors attach to end devices and enclosure universal ports, but they are specific to enclosure out and in ports. The SAS-2 receptacles are universal, thus they do not have table routing or subtractive routing restrictions. The - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 10
Figure 7 shows the type and location of icons that identify the connectors that attach to an end device, an enclosure ―out‖ port, an enclosure ―in‖ port, and an enclosure universal port. Figure 7. External Mini SAS 4x cable connector icons identify compatible devices and ports. Cable connectors and - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 11
systems incorporating SAS or SATA drives. Each drive has a point-to-point connection to the controller. The controller can support a maximum of eight drives. For internal configurations of this type, the external port is disabled if more than four drives are connected. Figure 9. Two internal ports - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 12
topology for RAID systems using SAS or SATA drives. The full height HP Smart SAS Expander Card supports more than 8 internal hard disk drives on select ProLiant servers when connected to a Smart Array P410 Controller (SA-P410) or Smart Array P410i Controller (SA-P410i). The SAS expander card - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 13
four lanes for a total maximum throughput of 2400 MB/s. The storage enclosure contains an internal 36port expander that supports cascading an additional enclosure in a 1+1 configuration containing up to 25 SFF SAS or SATA drives. Figure 11. The external port of the controller can connect - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 14
failure. Figure 12 shows a multi-node cluster application using a SAS RAID HBA controller. This SAS topology can also be implemented using an ASIC (application-specific control access between phys is known as a zoned portion of a service delivery system (ZPSDS). There can be 128 or 256 zone groups - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 15
manager can reprogram the zone group at the new location. Zoning is ideal for small topologies, server blade enclosures, and clustering applications. Zone management A zone manager is responsible for configuring each zone. As shown in Figure 14 (top), the zone manager can control a zone by using - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 16
from or to the disk actually begins. The smaller platters of SFF SAS drives inherently yield lower seek times, which is an advantage in file servers with frequent random accesses. 16 - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 17
In enterprise server environments, SFF SAS drives excel in performance and reliability.1 Since SFF more information, refer to technology brief ―Performance factors for HP ProLiant Serial Attached Storage (SAS)‖ at http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManual/c01460725/c01460725.pdf. 17 - HP ML350 | Serial Attached SCSI storage technology, 2nd Edition - Page 18
domain SAS configurations al/c01451157/c01451157.pdf Performance factors for HP ProLiant Serial Attached Storage (SAS) http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManu al/c01460725/c01460725.pdf ProLiant storage papers and audio podcasts http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/technology
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Abstract
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2
Transition from parallel to serial SCSI protocol
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2
SAS terminology
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2
SAS technology
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3
SAS devices
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3
Initiators
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4
Expanders
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4
Targets
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4
Differential signaling
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5
SAS protocol evolution
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6
SAS-1
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SAS-2
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SAS-2.1
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Active cables
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6
Storage power management
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SAS/SATA interoperability
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8
Cabling and connectors
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9
Mini SAS 4x cable connectors and receptacles
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Mini SAS 8x cable connectors
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SAS topologies
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Internal
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External
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Multi-node clusters
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Zoning
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SAS performance
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For more information
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Call to action
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Serial Attached SCSI storage technology
2nd Edition