HP ProLiant 2500 I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers
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- HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 1
Windows NT 20 Novell NetWare 21 SCO UnixWare and OpenServer 21 Conclusion 22 Appendix - Performance Tuning Data 23 Fibre Channel Bus 23 Drive Technology 28 RAID Level Performance.........35 Hardware RAID vs. Software RAID 36 I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers Abstract: Tuning the disk - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 2
Tools logo in black/white and color, and Compaq PC Card Solution logo are trademarks and/or service marks of Compaq Computer Corporation. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, Windows NT Server and Workstation, Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Microsoft - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 3
of your entire disk system by as much as 96%. While not all servers will realize gains of this magnitude so easily, every server can be a slow network by making sure that your server is delivering maximum performance. Compaq performs extensive tests to determine the optimal configuration for - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 4
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 4 Introduction Perhaps the most common term when maximizing server performance is bottleneck. Invariably, as the drives seek to find the requested data; the bus on this server remains relatively idle. On the other hand, large, contiguous file transfers need - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 5
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 5 Figure 1. Boundary Value Conditions Graphical Solution In Figure 1, the Parameter axis could represent a complex, composite variable such as disk systems or a simpler variable such as the type of disks used in a system. The performance axis is usually - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 6
the CPU and main memory. In order to provide greater performance and connectivity, Compaq ProLiant servers (models 1200 to 7000) use a bridged-PCI architecture to connect multiple PCI busses within the server. Compaq uses two different architectures to connect the two PCI busses to the host bus - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 7
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 7 the bridge chip itself, but also from any device. Generally, the guidelines below will deliver a balanced bus when adding controllers to your server. 1. When installing an even multiple of network or array controllers, split the controllers - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 8
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 8 3. Avoid putting two network ProLiant servers PCI Slot Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bridged PCI Bus Systems Peered PCI Bus Systems ProLiant 2500 ProLiant 1200 ProLiant 1600 ProLiant 3000/ ProLiant 5000 ProLiant 6000/ ProLiant 5500 ProLiant - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 9
block transfers or large block transfers, common in video streaming or CAD storage, can make a balanced bus a critical part of your server's performance. Compaq recommends that you always balance the loads on your PCI busses according to the guidelines above. However, the impact that balancing will - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 10
transfer rates up to 20 MB/s. • More Devices per Bus: Wide SCSI busses support 16 devices (15 drives, plus controller) as opposed to eight with regular ( use with Wide SCSI. Compaq has extensively tested and integrated the Wide-Ultra SCSI-3 technology in Compaq servers and storage options because it - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 11
as simple as evenly distributing the number of disks between the busses. Proper bus balancing evenly distributes the loads generated by access to each disk. All Compaq SMART-2 SCSI controllers, Compaq SMART-2 SCSI Array Controllers, and most ProLiant Storage Systems are available with multiple SCSI - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 12
Compaq Servers 12 Table 3. Smart-2 Controller Family Model Smart-2SL Controller Smart-2DH Controller Smart-2/P Controller Smart-2/E Controller Smart Array 3100 ES Smart Array 3200 Number of SCSI Channels (Busses) 2 2 2 2 3 2 Maximum Number of Spindles 30 30 30 30 45 30 Table 4. ProLiant disk - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 13
you can better implement distant storage for your server. Compaq Fibre Channel Array 5 Server Compaq Fibre Channel Array 0 Compaq Fibre Channel Array 4 Fibre Channel Storage Hub 7 Compaq Fibre Channel Array 1 Compaq Fibre Channel Array 3 Compaq Fibre Channel Array 2 Figure 4. Fibre Channel - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 14
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 14 In a FC-AL, all data requests must traverse the entire loop to reach the server. When a hub is yield a 20% lower performance than a balanced distribution. P When deploying disk drives in Fibre Channel storage, distribute them evenly between the busses in - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 15
Compaq Servers 5. Relative Performance of Drive Technologies Rotational Speed 3,600 rpm 5,400 rpm 7,200 rpm 10,000 rpm Average Latency 8.3 ms 5.5 ms 4.2 ms 3 the same time protect your server from data loss. Published in 1987, RAID combines many smaller disks to yield performance that is greater - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 16
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 16 service. To a client, distributing the workload means high level of fault tolerance, but your drive cost doubles because this level requires twice as many disk drives to store the same amount of data and therefore might not be cost-effective for your - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 17
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 17 RAID 5 (Distributed Data Guarding) RAID 5 is also called "Stripe Sets with Parity". This level of RAID actually breaks data up into blocks, calculates parity, then writes the data blocks in "stripes" to the disk drives, saving one stripe on each drive - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 18
Compaq Servers 18 As mentioned, spanning your data across more drives gives a case of increased performance with diminishing returns. Compaq smaller drives. Newer technology disk drives are usually faster and smaller with greater storage area, but cost a premium. Disk technologies and drive costs - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 19
the most efficient use of the available RAM. Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows NT, SCO UnixWare, and SCO OpenServer have many cache tuning parameters that -tuning," manual adjustment of the server environment variables and registry entries may be necessary to achieve optimal server performance. Most - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 20
to the general classification of a system, such as processor, physical disk, or cache. The Counter option lets you select which aspect of Compaq server PCI bus, Compaq NetFlex 3 network interface, and Compaq 32-Bit SCSI-2 controllers. Additionally, the Compaq Resource Paq for Microsoft Windows - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 21
detailed information for systems such as Storage Devices, Disk Cache Utilization, and LAN/WAN Drivers. To monitor a particular system or component, Additionally, Compaq Insight Manager can provide insight into CPU and, in some servers, PCI bus or EISA bus utilization. Compaq Insight Manager - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 22
the next step of diagnosing application-dependent problems and recommending specific solutions, tuning the server is something for you to explore instructions for your environment. As part of the ASE training courses, Compaq offers in-depth classes on Integration and Tuning for each of the supported - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 23
.08. Tests were run on a variety of Compaq servers, including ProLiant 1850R, ProLiant 6500, and ProLiant 5000. The results shown here are not intended Write, 0% Sequential, 100% Random) 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 5 RAID 5 No Cache RAID Level Fibre Channel - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 24
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 24 Simulated Application: Web Server (8 KB, 100% Read, 0% Write, 0% Sequential, 100% Random) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 5 RAID Level RAID 5 No Cache Fibre Channel Array SMART-2DH Figure 8. Relative performance of SCSI - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 25
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 25 Simulated Application: Maximum MB/sec (1 MB, 100% Read, 0% Write, 100% % Read, 50% Write, 50% Sequential, 50% Random) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of Fibre Channel Arrays 5 Meter Cable 10 Kilometer Cable - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 26
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 26 Simulated Workload: OLTP (2 KB, 67% Read, 33% Write, 0% Sequential, 100% Random) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of Fibre Channel Arrays 5 Meter Cable 10 Kilometer Cable 2 x 10 Kilometer Cables Figure 12. Relative - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 27
Compaq Servers 27 Simulated Workload: Decision Support (25% Access, 8 KB, 0% Read, 100% Write, 100% Sequential, 0% Random 75% Access, 8 KB, 100% Read, 0% Write, 80% Sequential 20% Random) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 ) 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 28
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 28 IO/sec vs. Number of Fibre Channel Arrays 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Number of Fibre Channel Arrays 2 KB OLTP WS Mix Web Server Decision Support Figure 16. Relative sustained I/O for each number of FC arrays - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 29
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 29 I/Os per second Sequential Read: 2% Sequential Write: 1% 1400 Composite Performance Random Read: 58% Random Write: 39% 1200 1000 Representative Compaq 7,200-rpm drive Compaq 10k-II drive 800 600 400 200 With larger block sizes, the SCSI bus - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 30
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 30 60 Read Latency - 7,200-rpm Write Latency - 7,200-rpm 50 Read Latency - 10k-II Write Latency - 10k-II 40 Latency (ms) 30 20 10 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 I/Os per Second Figure 19. Response versus throughput for 10k - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 31
10k-II RAID 5 400 300 200 100 0 1 2 4 6 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 Server Configuration: Number of Clients 128MB RAM Figure 21. Relative performance of a 7-disk, RAID 5 array of 10k rpm drives and a 7-disk, RAID 5 array of 7.2k rpm drives under Windows NT. These results were - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 32
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 32 Like Capacity Scaling Figures 23 through 27 show, again, the sustained performance of distributing loads to more drives regardless of the RAID level. Like Capacity Scaling (RAID 0 - 1 Controller) 16,000,000 Server Throughput (Bytes/sec) 14,000,000 12, - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 33
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 33 Server Throughput (Bytes/sec) Like Capacity Scaling (RAID 5 - 1 or warranties as to the results of the test. Like Capacity Scaling (RAID 5 - 1 Controller) Server Throughput (Bytes/sec) 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 28 - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 34
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 34 Drive Controller Scaling Figures 27 and 28 illustrate verify this test and makes no representations or warranties as to the results of the test. Disk Controller Scaling (RAID 0) Server Throughput (Bytes/sec) 20,000,000 18,000,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 35
1998 by Intel Corporation. Intel does not endorse any Iometer results. Compaq Smart-2DH SCSI Controller Simulated Application: Web Server (8 KB, 100% Read, 0% Write, 0% Sequential, 100% Random) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 5 RAID Level RAID 5 No Cache Figure 30 - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 36
Figure 31. Relative performance of RAID levels in a video server application. These results were obtained using Iometer version 1998.10.08, Copyright 1998 by Intel Corporation. Intel does not endorse any Iometer results. Compaq Smart-2DH SCSI Controller Simulated Application: Maximum MB/sec (1 MB - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 37
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 37 30000 25000 (256 KB Block Size, 100% Intel does not endorse any Iometer results. (512 Byte Block Size, 100% Read, 100% Sequential) 3000 2844 2850 2841 2500 IO/sec 2000 1500 1000 921 1035 SMART-2SL SW RAID in NT 500 280 0 RAID 1 ( 2 drvs - HP ProLiant 2500 | I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers - Page 38
I/O Performance Tuning of Compaq Servers 38 IO/s for a Common Database Profile (8KB Block Size, 67% Read, 100% Random) 450 400 377 350 335 300 288 IO/sec 250 200 200 SMART-2SL SW RAID in NT 150 121 100 75 50 0 RAID 1 ( 2 drvs) RAID 5 ( 6 drvs ) RAID 5, Degraded ( 5 drvs) Figure 35.
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Technical Guide
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March 1999
ECG044.0399
Prepared by OS
Integration
Engineering
Compaq Computer Corporation
Contents
Executive Summary
...................
3
Introduction
................................
4
I/O Performance and
Recommendations
.....................
4
Network Interface
......................
5
Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI) Bus
..............
6
SCSI Bus
..................................
9
Fibre Channel
.........................
12
Drive Technology
....................
14
System Memory
......................
18
OS Performance Monitoring
Tools
.........................................
19
Microsoft Windows NT
............
20
Novell NetWare
.......................
21
SCO UnixWare and
OpenServer
............................
21
Conclusion
..............................
22
Appendix - Performance
Tuning Data
..............................
23
Fibre Channel Bus
..................
23
Drive Technology
....................
28
RAID Level Performance
.........
35
Hardware RAID vs. Software
RAID
......................................
36
I/O Performance Tuning of
Compaq Servers
Abstract:
Tuning the disk system and I/O paths can be key to
achieving maximum performance from your server. This paper
begins with definitions, guidelines, and recommendations for I/O
performance tuning. The last section of this paper provides actual
performance data to reinforce recommendations. In general, this
paper deals with universal I/O concerns and applies to a wide range
of server applications. The major areas examined in this paper are
•
disk systems
•
NICs
•
memory
•
system configuration
•
performance monitoring tools.