Sony STR-DA1000ES ES Receivers Technical Background

Sony STR-DA1000ES - Fm Stereo/fm-am Receiver Manual

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  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 1
    ES Series Receivers Technical Background Version 3.0; May 30, 2003
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 2
    completely new and dramatically different line of ES Series audio/video receivers. To create these remarkable components, Sony ES engineers have rethought, refreshed and redesigned just about every aspect: • Digital power amplifier technology (STR-DA2000ES and higher) • Redesigned internal chassis
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 3
    given way to sophisticated A/V control centers that first handled composite video, then added component video, HD component video and now digital component video. Over the years, stereo receivers have been transformed into four, five, six and now seven-channel receivers. And the designs continue to
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 4
    -loop" mode. That's why amplifiers correct this distortion with Negative Feedback (NFB). However, NFB exposes the signal to Transient Intermodulation Distortion and other dynamic problems. Sony's design program for the 2003 ES receiver line overcomes these fundamental constraints by applying digital
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 5
    and then amplified. Input (Digital) DSP D/A LPF convert Volume Control Analog Power Amp Speaker Output Digital Signal Analog Signal The conventional A/V receiver is anything but simple. The signal must run through a gantlet of processes and stages. The Sony S-Master Pro amplifier is
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 6
    the power supply voltage. The Low Pass Filter (LPF) converts the amplified pulses to a smooth, continuous analog waveform. The S-Master 1-bit pulse stream has much in common with the Direct Stream Digital signal that Sony developed for Super Audio CD. If you look carefully at the pulses, you'll see
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 7
    the incoming signal to a one-bit Complementary Pulse Length Modulation (C-PLM) stream, after which the Pulse Height Volume control sets the volume level. The S-Master Pro process is performed by the Sony CXD9730, a proprietary Sony Large Scale Integrated circuit (LSI). ES Receivers V3.0 Page 7
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    excellent control at the low frequencies. That's why Sony engineers developed the Clean Data Cycle, the first stage of the S-Master process. Clean Data Cycle regenerates the digital signal with time-axis accuracy equivalent to the original A/D converter at the recording studio. ES Receivers V3
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    original Sony technology. Previous digital amplifiers have used a 1-bit technology called Pulse Width Modulation or PWM. That is to say, those digital amplifiers varied the width of pulses. Unfortunately, PWM tends to expose the signal to secondorder harmonic distortion. C-PLM effectively controls
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    accurate results, but it does sacrifice some detail at the least significant bit. Sony demanded more. The full power pulse (A) represents the maximum setting of the volume control. To turn the volume down 6 dB, the receiver cuts the voltage to the power pulse generator in half (B). In contrast, the
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 11
    , the Sony CXD9776Q. This LSI adjusts low-frequency phase with internal accuracy equal to a 65-bit process. We call this circuit the DC Phase Linearizer, because it "restores" low-frequency phase, emulating the signal that the speaker would get from a top-quality analog amplifier. ES Receivers V3
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    factors. That's why some previous digital amplifiers have used relatively inexpensive integrated circuit op-amps at the output. But Sony ES engineers were after the best possible sound. So they selected discrete output transistors for the entire ES line. The STR-DA2000ES, DA3000ES and DA5000ES use
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    digital amplifier. The filter must have a turnover frequency high enough for high-resolution audio, yet have a cutoff characteristic steep enough to suppress high-frequency noise elements. In this way, the filter has a major influence on sound quality. That's why the engineers of Sony ES selected
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 14
    continues to be true of digital amplifiers. That's why Sony designed the S-Master Pro amplifiers with incredibly stable power supplies. The STR-DA2000ES, DA3000ES and DA5000ES take advantage of Sony's twostage pulse power supply. At 200 watts per channel across seven channels (20-20,000 Hz, 8 ohms
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 15
    S-Master Pro digital amplifier is immune from these issues because the output transistors do not shape the audio waveform directly. Because the S-Master Pro amplifier uses pulse density, switching glitches get removed from the music by the low pass filter. The system is immune to ES Receivers V3
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 16
    shape of the audio waveform directly. amplifier, thermal modulation distortion is no longer a concern. S-Master Pro power amplifier. Here heating is low and the temperatures stay consistent over time. On the right, you can see why digital amplifiers can use much smaller heat sinks. ES Receivers
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 17
    heat sinks can be quite compact, especially on the STR-DA2000ES and DA3000ES. And instead of a complex, circuitous signal flow, driven by the need to hold the output transistors away at the periphery, the S-Master Pro signal flow can be refreshingly simple and straight. ES Receivers V3.0 Page 17
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 18
    by the output transistor heat sink fins. In dramatic contrast, the power amplifier of the STR-DA2000ES is amazingly compact. The S-Master LSIs (1) convert the signal to Pass Filters (3) convert the power pulses to audio for the speaker terminals at the top of the picture. ES Receivers V3.0 Page 18
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 19
    STR amplifiers typically generate substantial distortion in "openloop" mode specifications common today. However, NFB exposes the signal to Transient Intermodulation Distortion and other dynamic problems. In contrast, the Sony S-Master Pro amplifier amplifier technology, the latest ES Series receivers
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 20
    are powerful but not forced. Bass is vigorous but not boomy. These receivers are perfect for integration with the most difficult and power-hungry speakers. Use good speaker cables, a suitable disc player and a Super Audio Compact Disc that you know well. Then sit back and listen carefully. The
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 21
    not compatible with-previous i.LINK interface applications for DV camcorders, PC peripherals and professional digital video systems. You can only connect the STR-DA9000ES i.LINK interface to a compatible digital audio output, such as that on the SCD-XA9000ES SA-CD player. ES Receivers V3.0 Page 21
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 22
    to solve the problem. The system incorporates three principal elements. 1. Variable-speed transmission from the player. 2. Buffer memory in the receiver. 3. Command signals from the receiver to the player, controlling transmission speed. SCD-XA9000ES STR-DA9000ES With Sony HATS, audio data flows
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 23
    Component Video Upconversion (STR-DA3000ES and higher) As the nerve center of modern home entertainment, the A/V receiver needs to handle the full range of audio/video sources, including everything from HDTV receivers, digital satellite receivers and DVD recorders to VHS decks and videogames. Along
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 24
    and video signals by up to 200 milliseconds, in 10 millisecond increments. This brings your television and your home theater speakers back into alignment. This Lip Sync is performed uniformly on stereo, 7.1-channel and even digital audio inputs. The STR-DA5000ES performs Lip Sync with another Sony
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    without the voids or gaps that permit vibration. This results in far less radiation, far less radiated hum. The extraordinary size and weight of the STR-DA9000ES receiver is explained in part by the size and weight of this toroidal-core power transformer. ES Receivers V3.0 Page 25
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 26
    . The STR-DA9000ES power amp circuit board features seven heat sinks for the seven output channels. The output stage is attached to the underside of each heat sink in a "circuit-on-chassis" configuration. The black capsules in this picture protect and insulate the four MOS FETs. ES Receivers V3
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 27
    board signal flows through the motherboard to the S-Master Pro power amplifier. Power supply voltage travels a similar route, from the opposite side. In this way, Sony keeps signal leads to a minimum, protecting the music from the radiation of spurious hum and noise. ES Receivers V3.0 Page 27
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 28
    /daughterboard circuit topology. Silver Cascade Design (STR-DA3000ES and up) In addition to their remarkable technology, these receivers inaugurate a new faceplate design exclusive to the Sony ES Series. The "cascade" design sets the primary front panel controls at an angle, so that you can
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 29
    in the 2003 ES Series. SILVER CASCADE FRONT PANELS • STR-DA9000ES A/V receiver • STR-DA5000ES A/V receiver • STR-DA3000ES A/V receiver • SCD-XA9000ES SA-CD player • DVP-NC555ES DVD changer MATCHING SILVER FRONT PANELS • STR-DA2000ES A/V receiver • STR-DA1000ES A/V receiver • DVP-NS999ES DVD
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 30
    the latest ES Series A/V receivers reflect the lessons learned in two decades of ES refinements and improvements. These models have the full complement of ES decoding, Digital Signal Processing, control and integration technologies. • Seven channels of amplification (all models). This configuration
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 31
    firmware upgrades to the STR-DA5000ES and DA9000ES. • Front optical digital audio input (all models). As part of the Video 3 input of the front panel, these receivers also accept optical digital audio, in addition to Left/Right analog audio. • Assignable digital input (all models). An optical or
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 32
    upconverter Composite to S-Video upconverter S-Video inputs/outputs Composite video inputs/outputs i.LINK® digital audio input Optical inputs/outputs Coaxial inputs Multi-channel preamp output Front A/V input with optical digital audio Infrared repeater input/outputs RS-232C control/upgrade 12-volt
  • Sony STR-DA1000ES | ES Receivers Technical Background - Page 33
    , Direct Stream Digital and i.LINK are trademarks of Sony. Dolby, Dolby Digital and Pro Logic are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. dts is a trademark of Digital Theater Systems Corporation. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. ES Receivers V3.0 Page
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ES Series Receivers
Technical Background
Version 3.0; May 30, 2003