Texas Instruments TI-89 User Manual

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Texas Instruments TI-89 manual table of contents:

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  TI-89 Titanium Graphing Calculator
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  ...receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. TI-89 Titanium Graphing Calculator 2
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  ... Texas Instruments may void your authority to operate the equipment. © 2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated Windows and Macintosh are trademarks of their respective owners. TI-89 Titanium Graphing Calculator 3
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  Getting Started Initial start-up Installing the AAA Batteries The TI-89 Titanium uses four AAA alkaline batteries and a backup silver oxide battery (SR44SW or 303). The backup battery is already installed, and the AAA batteries are ...
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  Turning on your TI-89 Titanium for the first time After installing the batteries included with the calculator, press ´. The Apps desktop appears... The Apps desktop The Apps desktop is the starting point for operating your TI-89 Titanium. Your installed Apps appear on the Apps desktop as icons...
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  ... highlighted App. View and edit the time and date. Check status line information. View split-screen mode information TI-89 Titanium Apps desktop Ê View full name of highlighted App. Ë View time and date. Ì Press ¸ to open highlighted App....
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  ... either of the following keys to turn off the TI-89 Titanium. Press: Description 2 ® (press 2 Settings ... message is displayed. When you turn the TI-89 Titanium on again, it displays either the Home ... message is displayed. • When you turn the TI-89 Titanium on again, it will be exactly as you left ...
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  ...APD™) feature prolongs battery life by turning the calculator off automatically following several minutes of inactivity. When you turn on the calculator after APD: • • The display, cursor, and any error ... are retained. Note: APD does not occur if a calculation or program is in progress, unless...
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  TI-89 Titanium keys Ê Í Ë Ì Getting Started 9
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  TI-89 Titanium keys Ê Function keys (ƒ-
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  Example: Enter the right arrow symbol (→) in the Text Editor. Press Result 2G 4 Scroll down for more characters. 9 - or - Press D repeatedly to select 9:→ and press ¸ Symbol displayed at cursor location. To open the keyboard map, press 8 ". The keyboard map appears. Getting Started 11
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  To type most characters, press 8 and the corresponding key. Press N to close the map. Example: Use the keyboard map to find the "not equal to" symbol (ƒ) shortcut and enter the symbol in the Program Editor. Press Result 8" ¥Á Symbol displayed at cursor location. Getting Started 12
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  Modifier keys Modifier keys add features by increasing the number of keyboard operations at your fingertips. To access a modifier function, press a modifier key and then press the key for the corresponding operation. Keys Description Accesses Apps, menu options, and other operations. Second ...
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  ...° Function keys Use the function keys to perform the following operations On the Apps desktop, open Apps and select or edit Apps categories. On the calculator Home screen, open toolbar menus to select math-related operations. Within Apps, open toolbar menus to select App options. Numeric keypad ...
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  To enter a number in scientific notation: 1. Type the numbers that precede the exponent. (This value can be an expression.) 2. Press ^. The ... example shows, you can use a negative exponent.) Example: On the calculator Home screen, enter 0.00685 using scientific notation. Press 6¶85 Result ^ ?3 ¸ ...
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  Key Command Description Displays the Window Editor. Displays the Graph screen. Sets parameters for the Table screen. Displays the Table screen. These keys let you edit entered information by performing a cut, copy, or paste operation. Displays the Apps desktop. With the Apps desktop off, displays ...
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  ... 2K • Mode settings Modes control how the TI-89 Titanium displays and interprets information. ... displayed according to the current mode settings. When the TI-89 Titanium is turned off, the Constant Memory™ ...settings you have selected. To view the TI-89 Titanium mode settings: Getting Started ...
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  1. Press 3. Page 1 of the MODE dialog box appears. 2. Press „ or ...to display the modes listed on Page 2 or Page 3. Note: Modes that are grayed out are available only if other required mode settings are selected. For example, the Custom Units mode listed on Page 3 is available only if the Unit ...
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  Press Result ... Changing mode settings Example: Change the Language mode setting to Spanish (Español). Press Result 3 ... Getting Started 19
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  Press Scroll down to the Language field. Result D Press B and then press D until 3:Español is highlighted. Note: Your menu list might vary, depending on the languages installed. ¸ Getting Started 20
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  ... the Catalog to access commands Use the Catalog to access a list of TI-89 Titanium commands, including functions, instructions, and user-defined programs. Commands are listed alphabetically.... is grayed out if no Flash applications are installed on your TI-89 Titanium; the User-Defined (
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  Note: Typing a letter takes you to the first command in the list starting with the same letter. Press Result ½ (displays Built-in commands) ...(displays Flash Apps commands, if any)
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  Example: Insert the comDenom( command on the calculator Home screen entry line. Note: Before selecting a command, position the cursor where you want the command to appear. Pressing 2 D advances the Catalog list one page at a time. Press Result ½C 2D Then press D until the pointer is at the ...
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  ...selecting a command, press N. Calculator Home screen The calculator Home screen is the starting point for math operations, including executing instructions, evaluating expressions, and viewing results. To display the calculator Home screen, press: " You can ...
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  ... are not displayed on the entry line.) Í Status line shows the current state of the calculator. Î Entry line displays your current entry. Ï Your previous entry is displayed here. To return to the Apps desktop from the calculator Home screen, press O. Ì Getting Started 25
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  ... filled, information scrolls off the top of the screen. Use the history area to: • • Review previous entries and answers. Use the cursor keys to ...line to reuse or edit. (For more information, see the electronic Operating the Calculator chapter.) The cursor, which normally rests on the entry line...
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  ... area To change the number of pairs that can be saved: 1. From the calculator Home screen, press ƒ and select 9:Format. 2. Press B and use C or D to highlight the new number. 3. Press ¸ ¸. To clear ... area and delete all saved pairs: • From the calculator Home screen, press ƒ and select ...
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  ... entry line. To delete an entry/answer pair, move the cursor to either the entry or answer, and press 0 or M. Working with Apps The TI-89 Titanium organizes Apps by category on the Apps desktop. To select a category, press a function key ( „ through 2
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  Option New Description Creates a new file with the name typed in the field. Select an option, enter any required information, and press ¸. The App appears. Example: Create a new program using the Program Editor. Press Use cursor keys to highlight Result ¸ 3 Getting Started 29
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  Press Result ¸ DD program1 ¸¸ The newly created program variable, program1, is saved to the Main folder. Getting Started 30
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  ...screen mode, press 2 K twice. To return to the last open App from the Apps desktop, press 2 a. Selecting an Apps category On the TI-89 Titanium, the Apps category names appear only in the F1 Menu. To select an Apps category, press ƒ 2:Select Category and use ...
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  Key Description Customizable category. Graphing is the default. Customizable category. Science is the default. Customizable category. Organizr (organizer) is the default. 2 ˆ Graphing 2 ‰ Science 2
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  Customizing the Apps categories The TI-89 Titanium organizes your Apps into seven categories, six of which you can customize to fit your individual needs. (The All category contains every installed App and cannot be edited.) To customize the ...through 2
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  Example: Replace the Social Studies category with the Business category and add the CellSheet and Finance App shortcuts. Press Result ƒ B D¸ 2 - or - Getting Started 34
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  Press Result 2™ ¤Business D © B D © B Getting Started 35
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  Press Result ¸
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  Top-bottom split screen To return to the Apps desktop, press O. The split-screen status appears at the top of the Apps desktop with the names of the open Apps and the portions of the screen in which each is displayed. The highlighted numeral indicates the split-screen portion where the next App ...
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  ... line, located at the bottom of the screen, for information about the current state of your TI-89 Titanium. Ê Indicator Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò Meaning Name of the selected folder (MAIN is the default folder.) Selected modifier key (2, 8, 7), if any. ...
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  ... (BATT). If BATT is highlighted with a black background, change the batteries as soon as possible ( ). BUSY-Calculation or graph is in progress PAUSE-You paused a graph or program Œ-Variable opened in the current editor is locked or archived and...
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  ...Result ... DDBC ¸¸ Note: The previous open App appears (in this example, the calculator Home screen). To turn on the Apps desktop, repeat the procedure,... in the Apps Desktop mode field. To return to the Apps desktop from the calculator Home screen, press O. Using the clock Use the CLOCK dialog...
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  The clock is turned on by default. If you turn off the clock, all Clock dialog box options except Clock ON/OFF are grayed out. 6 indicates you can scroll down for more options) Displaying the CLOCK dialog box 1. Use the cursor keys to highlight the Clock icon on the Apps desktop. 2. Press ¸. The...
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  6. If the time format is 24 hours, proceed to step 9. - or - If the time format is 12 hours, press D to highlight the AM/PM field. 7. Press B to open the list of AM/PM options. 8. Press C or D to highlight an AM/PM option, then press ¸. The selected AM/PM option appears. 9. Set the date (for ...
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  9. Type the day, then press ¸ ¸ to save your settings and exit. The date is updated in the top right corner of the Apps desktop. Example: Set the time and date to 19/10/02 (October 19, 2002) at 1:30 p.m. Press Use cursor keys to highlight Time and date Result ¸ D1D Getting Started 43
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  Press 30D Result BD ¸D Getting Started 44
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  Press Result BD ¸D 2002 Getting Started 45
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  Press Result DB Scroll down to October and press ¸ D19 Getting Started 46
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  Press Result Revised time and date ¸¸ Turning off the clock From the Apps desktop, open the CLOCK dialog box and select OFF in the Clock field. Example: Turn off the clock. Press Use cursor keys to highlight Clock on Result Getting Started 47
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  Press Result ¸ Scroll down to the Clock field. BC¸ ¸ Clock off To turn on the clock, repeat the procedure, selecting ON in the Clock field. Remember to reset the time and date. Getting Started 48
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  Using menus To select most TI-89 Titanium menus, press the function keys corresponding to the toolbars at the top of the calculator Home screen and ...key commands. Toolbar menus The starting point for TI-89 Titanium math operations, the calculator Home screen displays toolbar menus...
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  Press To display APPLICATIONS menu. Lists the installed Apps. (Menu is available only when the Apps desktop is turned off; Apps are normally accessed from the Apps desktop.) FLASH APPLICATIONS menu. Lists the installed Flash Apps. (Menu is available only when Apps desktop is turned off; Flash Apps...
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  Example: Select factor( from the Algebra menu on the calculator Home screen. Press Press: Result " - or - From the Apps desktop, use the cursor keys to highlight and press ¸ „ 6 indicates Algebra menu will open when you press „. 2 D¸ - or - Getting Started 51
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  Selecting submenu options A small arrow symbol (ú) to the right of a menu option indicates that selecting the option will open a submenu. $ points to additional options. Example: Select ord( from the MATH menu on the calculator Home screen. Press Result 2I Getting Started 52
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  Press D - or - Result CCB C¸ B - or - Using dialog boxes An ellipsis (...) at the end of a menu option indicates that choosing the option will open a dialog box. Select the option and press ¸. Getting Started 53
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  Example: Open the SAVE COPY AS dialog box from the Window Editor. Press Result O Use the cursor keys to highlight and press ¸ ƒ D¸ 2 - or - Press B to display a list of folders. Type the name of the variable. Press ¸ twice to save and Getting Started 54
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  Note: Pressing the 8 S key shortcut also opens the SAVE COPY AS dialog box in most Apps. Canceling a menu To cancel a menu without making a selection, press N. Moving among toolbar menus To move among the toolbar menus without selecting a menu option: • • Press the function key ( ƒ through
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  ... menu replaces the standard toolbar menu on the calculator Home screen. (For details on creating a custom menu, see the electronic Programming chapter.) More information is available about custom menus. (See the electronic Operating the Calculator chapter.) Example: Turn ...
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  ... Restoring the default custom menu erases the previous custom menu. If you created the previous custom menu with a program, you can run the program again to reuse the menu. Press Result 2F (to turn off the custom menu and turn on the standard toolbar menu) ...
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  Press Result ¸ Opening Apps with the Apps desktop turned off If you turn off the Apps desktop, use the APPLICATIONS menu to open Apps. To open the APPLICATIONS menu with the Apps desktop off, press O. Note: If you press O with the Apps desktop turned on, the Apps desktop will appear instead of...
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  ... 3 - or - Result DD¸ To access Apps not listed on the APPLICATIONS menu, select 1:FlashApps. Using split screens The TI-89 Titanium lets you split the screen to show two Apps at the same time. For example, display both the Y= Editor and ...
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  Example: Set split-screen mode to TOP-BOTTOM. Press Result 3 „ BD Getting Started 60
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  Press Result ¸ ¸ Setting the initial Apps for split screen After you select either TOP-BOTTOM or LEFT-RIGHT split-screen mode, additional mode settings become available. Full-screen mode Split-screen mode Getting Started 61
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  ... split screen. Lets you set up and display two independent graphs. Number of Graphs To set the initial App for each split-screen portion: 1. Select the... App mode setting. Example: screen. Display the Y= Editor in the top screen and the Graph App in the bottom Press Result DB Getting Started 62
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  Press 2 Result DB 4 ¸ Getting Started 63
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  ...2 App to the same nongraphing App or to the same graphing App with Number of Graphs set to 1, the TI-89 Titanium exits split-screen mode and displays the App in full-screen mode. Selecting the active App In split-screen mode, only one ...
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  ... The CD-ROM included with your TI-89 Titanium. A compatible graphing calculator. Adding Apps to ... came with your TI-89 Titanium. For system requirements and instructions to link to compatible calculators and ... site. Before downloading Apps to your TI-89 Titanium, please read the license agreement on ...
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  ...3:About from the Apps desktop. The ABOUT screen displays the following information about your TI-89 Titanium OS version Ë Hardware version Ì Unit ID (required to obtain certificates for installing purchased Apps). Similar to a serial number....
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  Deleting an Application Deleting an application removes it from the TI-89 Titanium and increases space for other applications. Before deleting an application, consider storing it on a computer for reinstallation later. 1. Quit the...
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  ... an I/O unit-to-unit cable to connect the TI-89 Titanium to a compatible graphing calculator or peripheral device, such as ... the TI-Presenter™ video adapter to the teacher model of the TI-89 Titanium. The TI-Presenter video adapter provides a video interface between the calculator and video display...
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  USB port Accessory port I/O port TI-89 Titanium ports (teacher model) Batteries The TI-89 Titanium uses four AAA alkaline batteries and a backup silver oxide battery (SR44SW or 303). The backup battery is already installed, ...
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  You can also transfer the OS to another TI-89 Titanium using a USB unit-to-unit cable . If you accidentally interrupt the transfer before...before downloading. Please contact Texas Instruments as described in Service & Support Information, if you experience a problem. Battery Precautions ...
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  ... information. Indicator Meaning Batteries are low. Replace batteries as soon as possible. Before replacing the batteries, turn off the TI-89 Titanium by pressing 2 ® to avoid losing information stored in memory. Do not remove both the back-up battery and the ...
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  ...) battery 1. To replace the silver oxide backup battery, remove the battery cover and unscrew the tiny screw holding the BACK UP BATTERY cover in place. 2. Remove the old battery and install a new SR44SW or 303 battery, positive (+) side up. Replace the cover and the screw. Getting Started 72
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  ... Computations This section provides several examples for you to perform from the Calculator Home screen that demonstrate some of the computational features of the TI-89 Titanium. The history area in each screen was cleared by pressing ƒ and selecting ...
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  ... and keystrokes Display Compute the factorial of several numbers to see how the TI-89 Titanium handles very large integers. To get ... Steps and keystrokes Display Compute (3+5i) 3 to see how the TI-89 Titanium handles computations involving complex numbers. Press c 3 « 5 2 ) d Z 3 ¸ Previews 74
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  Finding Prime Factors Steps and keystrokes Display Compute the factors of the rational number 2634492. You can enter "factor" on the entry line by typing FACTOR on the keyboard, or by pressing „ and selecting 2:factor(. Press „ 2 2634492 d ¸ (Optional) Enter other numbers on your own. ...
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  Expanding Expressions Steps and keystrokes Display Expand the expression (xN5) 3. You can enter "expand" on the entry line by typing EXPAND on the keyboard, or by pressing „ and selecting 3:expand(. Press „ 3 c X | 5 d Z 3 d ¸ (Optional) Enter other expressions on your own. Reducing ...
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  Factoring Polynomials Steps and keystrokes Display Factor the polynomial (x 2N5) with respect to x. You can enter "factor" on the entry line by typing FACTOR on the keyboard or by pressing „ and selecting 2:factor(. Press „ 2 X Z 2 | 5 b X d ¸ Solving Equations Steps and keystrokes Display ...
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  Solving Equations with a Domain Constraint Steps and keystrokes Display Solve the equation x 2N2xN6=2 with respect to x where x is greater than zero. The "with" (I) operator provides domain constraint. Press „ 1 X Z 2 | 2 X | 6 Á 2 b X d Í X2Ã0¸ Solving Inequalities Steps and keystrokes ...
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  Finding the Derivative of Functions Steps and keystrokes Display Find the derivative of (xNy) 3/(x+y)2 with respect to x. This example illustrates using the calculus differentiation function and how the function is displayed in "pretty print" in the history area. Press 2 = c X | Y d Z 3 e c X « Y...
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  ... and keystrokes Display Find the integral of x...sin(x) with respect to x. This example illustrates using the calculus integration function. Press 2 < X p 2 W X d b X d ¸ Solving Problems Involving Vectors Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Input a row or column of vectors. Press 2 g ? 6 b 0 b 0 2 h...
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  Log to Any Base Steps and keystrokes Display Find log (x,b). You can enter "log" on the entry line by typing LOG on the keyboard, or by pressing 8 7. Press 8 7 X , j b d ¸ Converting Angle Measures Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Angle mode select DEGREE. ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 2. Convert 345 degrees to Radian angle measure. You can enter " úRad " on the entry line by selecting " úRad " from the Catalog menu, or from the Math menu by pressing 2 I and selecting 2:angle, B:úRad. Press 3 D D D B 2 ¸ 345 2 v2I2 jB ¸ Note: You can also use ...
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  ...Lx + 7y = L12 for y, but do not press ¸ yet. Press „ 1 ? X « 7 Y Á ? 12 b Y d 3. Use the "with" operator to substitute the expression for x that was calculated from the first equation. This gives the value of y. The "with" operator is displayed as | on the screen. Use the auto-paste feature to ...
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  ... the highlighted expression to the entry line. Then substitute the value of y that was calculated from the second equation. Press ¸ Í C ¸ ¸ The ... of equations. Constants and Measurement Units Using the equation f = m...a, calculate the force when m = 5 kilograms and a = 20 meters/second2. What ...
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  acceleration due to gravity, which is a constant named _g). Convert the result from newtons to kilograms of force. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box, Page 3. For Unit System mode, select SI for the metric system of measurements. Results are displayed according to these ...
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  ...4 8 5 2 ™ KGF j¸ Basic Function Graphing I The example in this section demonstrates some of the graphing capabilities of the TI-89 Titanium keystrokes. It illustrates how to graph a function using the Y= Editor. You will Previews 86
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  ... a minimum point, and transfer the minimum coordinates to the Home screen. Explore the graphing capabilities of the TI-89 Titanium by graphing the function y=(|x2N3|N10)/2. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the Y= Editor. Press 8 # entry ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 4. Turn on Trace. The tracing cursor, and the x and y coordinates are displayed. Press ...tracing cursor 5. Open the MATH menu and select 3:Minimum. Press ‡ D D ¸ 6. Set the lower bound. Press B (right cursor) to move the tracing cursor until the lower bound for ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 8. Find the minimum point on the graph between the lower and upper bounds. Press ¸ minimum point minimum coordinates 9. ... the viewing window. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select FUNCTION. Press 3 B 1 ¸ Previews 89
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  ...store the radius, 5, in variable r. Press " 5 9 j R ¸ 3. Display and clear the Y= Editor. Then define y1(x) = a circle. ( r 2 - x 2 ) , the top half of In function graphing, you must define separate functions for the top and bottom halves of a circle. Press 8 # , 8 ¸ ¸ 2 ] jRZ2|XZ2d¸ 4. Define ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 5. Select the ZoomStd viewing window, which automatically graphs the functions. In the standard viewing window, both the x and y axes range from L10 to 10. However, this range is spread over a longer distance along the x axis than the y axis. Therefore, the circle ...
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  ... keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select FUNCTION. For Angle mode, ... enter y1(x)=1/(x1). Press 8 # 1 e c X | 1 d ¸ 3. Display the Graph Formats dialog box and set "Detect Discontinuities" to OFF Note: The second item on the Graph Format dialog is not greyed out, ...
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  ... Formats dialog box and set "Detect Discontinuities" to ON. Note: The second item on the Graph Format dialog is greyed out, which means the graph order is set to sequential "Seq". Press 8 Í D D D D D D B 2 ¸ 6. Execute the Graph command, which automatically displays the Graph screen. No...
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  Parametric Graphing Graph the parametric equations describing the path of a ball kicked at an angle (q) of 60¡ with an initial velocity (v 0)... hit the ground? Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select PARAMETRIC. Press 3 B 2 ¸ 2. Display and clear the Y= ...
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  ... for this example. You can press either D or ¸ to enter a value and move to the next variable. Press 8 $ 0 D 3 D .02 D ? 2 D 25 D 5 D ? 2 D 10 D 5 5. Graph the parametric equations to model the path of the ball. Press 8 % 6. Select Trace. Then move the cursor along the path to find the: • • y ...
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  ... graph of the polar equation r1(q) = A sin Bq forms the shape of a rose. Graph the rose for A=8 and B=2.5. Then explore the appearance of the rose for other ... A and B. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select POLAR. For Angle mode, select RADIAN. Press 3 B ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 3. Select the ZoomStd viewing window, which graphs the equation. • The graph shows only five rose petals. In the standard viewing window, the Window variable qmax = 2p. The remaining petals have q values greater than 2p. • The rose does not appear symmetrical. ...
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  ... values for A and B as necessary and regraph the equation. Sequence Graphing A small forest contains 4000 trees. Each year, 20... harvested (with 80% remaining) and 1000 new trees will be planted. Using a sequence, calculate the number of trees in the forest at the end of each year. Does it stabilize ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select SEQUENCE. Press 3 B 4 ¸ 2. Display and clear the Y= Editor. Then define the sequence as u1(n) = iPart(.8...u1(nN1)+1000). Use iPart to take the integer part of the result. No fractional trees are harvested. To ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 5. Set the x and y Window variables to appropriate values for this example. Press 0 D 50 D 10 D 0 D 6000 D 1000 6. Display the Graph screen. Press 8 % 7. Select Trace. Move the cursor to trace year by year. How many years (nc) does it take the number of trees (yc) to ...
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  ... 3D equation z(x,y) = (x3y N y3x) / 390. Animate the graph by using the cursor to interactively change the eye ... Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select 3D. Press 3 B 5 ¸ ... 8 # , 8 ¸ ¸ c X Z 3 Y | Y Z 3 X d e 390 ¸ 3. Change the graph format to display and label the axes. ...
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  ... may be shown in expanded view. When you animate the graph, the screen returns to normal view automatically....between expanded and normal view) 5. Animate the graph by decreasing the eyef Window variable value.... to a lesser extent than eyef. To animate the graph continuously, press and hold the cursor ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 6. Return the graph to its initial orientation. Then move the viewing angle along the "viewing orbit" around the graph. Press 0 (zero, not the letter O) A A A 7. View ...axis, the y axis, and then the z axis. Press X This graph has the same shape along the y axis ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 9. Display the graph in different graph format styles. Press Í (press Í to switch from each style to the next) HIDDEN SURFACE CONTOUR LEVELS (may require extra time to calculate contours) WIRE AND CONTOUR WIRE FRAME Previews 104
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  ... plot is not displayed. Differential Equation Graphing Graph the solution to the logistic 1st-order ... enter initial conditions in the Y= Editor and interactively from the Graph screen. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select DIFF EQUATIONS. Press 3 B 6 ¸...
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  ... condition yi1 blank. Note: With y1' selected, the device will graph the y1 solution curve, not the derivative y1'. ... .001 Y1 p c 100 | Y1 d ¸ 3. Display the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box. Then set Axes =...Solution Method = RK, and Fields = SLPFLD. Note: To graph one differential equation, Fields must be ...
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  ...? 10 D 120 D 10 D 0 D .001 D 20 5. Display the Graph screen. Because you did not specify ...the slope field is drawn (as specified by Fields=SLPFLD in the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box). Press 8 % 6. Return to...=10 Press 8 # ¸ 10 ¸ 7. Return to the Graph screen. Initial conditions entered in the Y= Editor ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 8. Return to the Y= Editor and change yi1 to enter two initial conditions as a list: yi1={10,20} Press 8 # C ¸ 2 [ 10 b 20 2\¸ 9. Return to the Graph screen. Press 8 % Previews 108
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 10. To select an initial condition interactively, press: 2
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  ...cosine curve. Then save a picture of the displayed graph. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select FUNCTION. For Angle mode, select RADIAN.... 3 B 1 D D D B 1 ¸ 2. Display the Home screen. Use the Graph command and the when function to specify the piecewise ...
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  ... Display 4. Draw a horizontal line across the top of the cosine curve. The calculator remains in "horizontal" mode until you select a different operation or ... 2 ‰ 5 C (until the line is positioned) ¸ 5. Save a picture of the graph. Use PIC1 as the variable name for the picture. Be sure to set ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 7. Open the saved picture variable to redisplay the graph with the line. Be sure to set Type = Picture. By default, it is set ...do they occur? Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For the Graph mode, select FUNCTION. Press 3 B 1 ¸ Previews 112
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  ... and clear the Y= Editor. Then define y1(x) = x 3 N 2x. Press 8 # , 8 ¸ ¸ X Z 3 | 2X¸ 3. Set the table parameters to: tblStart = M10 @tbl = 1 Graph < - > Table = OFF Independent = AUTO Press 8 & ? 10 D 1 D B 1 D B 1 ¸ 4. Display the Table screen. Press 8 ' 5. Scroll through the table. Notice ...
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  ....1 ¸ ¸ Split Screens Split the screen to show the Y= Editor and the Graph screen. Explore the behavior of a polynomial as its coefficients change. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph, select FUNCTION. For Split Screen, select LEFT-RIGHT. For Split...
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  ...¸ .1 X Z 3 | 2X«6¸ 3. Select the ZoomStd viewing window, which switches to the Graph screen and graphs the function. The thick border is now around the Graph screen. Press „ 6 4. Switch to the Y= Editor and edit y1(x) to change .1x 3 to .5x3. 2 a is the second function of O. The thick border is...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 5. Switch to the Graph screen, which regraphs the edited function. The thick border is around the Graph screen. Press 2 a 6. Switch to the Y= Editor and open the Window Editor in its place. Press 2 a 8 $ ...
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  Data/Matrix Editor Use the Data/Matrix Editor to create a one-column list variable. Then add a second column of ... have multiple columns). Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Use O to display the Data/Matrix Editor. Create a new list variable named TEMP. Press 3 B 3 D D TEMP ¸ ¸ 2. Enter a column of ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 3. Move to column 2, and define its column header so that it is twice the value of column 1. DATA is shown in the upper-left corner to indicate that the list variable was converted to a data variable. Πmeans the cell is in a defined column. Press B
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  ... than 12 stories. Using Median-Median and linear regression calculations, find and plot equations to fit the data. For each ... people. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display the MODE dialog box. For Graph mode, select FUNCTION. Press 3 B 1 ¸ 2. Use•O to display the Data/Matrix Editor. Create a ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 3. Using the sample data below, enter the population in column 1. Pop. (in 1000s) 150 500 800 250 500 750 950 Bldgs > 12 stories 4 31 42 9 20 55 73 Press 150 ¸ 500 ¸ 800 ¸ 250 ¸ 500 ¸ 750 ¸ 950 ¸ 4. Move the cursor to row 1 in column 2 (r1c2). Then enter the ...
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  ... 8C so that you can see the first four rows. Press A 8 C 2 ˆ 4 6. Display the Calculate dialog box. Set Calculation Type = MedMed x... y = C2 Store RegEQ to = y1(x) Press ‡ B 7 D C j 1 D j C2 D BD¸ 7. Perform the calculation to display the MedMed regression equation. As specified on the Calculate ...
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  ... the STAT VARS screen. The Data/Matrix Editor displays. Press ¸ 9. Display the Calculate dialog box. Set: Calculation Type = LinReg x = C1 y = ... Store RegEQ to = y2(x) Press ‡ B 5 D D D B D ¸ 10. Perform the calculation to display the LinReg regression equation. This equation is ...
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  ... and keystrokes Display 13. Define Plot 1 as: Plot Type = Scatter Mark = Box x = C1 y = C2 Notice the similarities between this and the Calculate dialog box. Press , B 1 D B 1 D C j 1 D j C2 14. Save the plot definition and return to the Plot Setup screen. Notice the shorthand notation for Plot ...
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  ... 2 16. Scroll up to highlight Plot 1. The displayed shorthand definition is the same as on the Plot Setup screen. Press C 17. Use ZoomData to graph Plot 1 and the regression equations y1(x) and y2(x). ZoomData examines the data for all selected stat plots and adjusts the viewing window to include ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 18. Return to the current session of the Data/Matrix Editor. Press O D ¸ ¸ 19. Enter a title for column 3. Define column 3's header as the values predicted by the MedMed line. To enter a title, the cursor must highlight the title cell at the very top of the column.
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 22. Enter a title for column 6. Define column 6's header as the residuals for LinReg. Press B C 2 ™ RESID j ¸
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  ... selected. Press 8 # ‡ 3 27. Use ZoomData to graph the residuals. › marks the MedMed residuals; + marks ...y1(x)) and LinReg (y2(x)) regression equations to calculate values for x = 300 (300,000 population... show an integer number of buildings. After calculating the first result, edit the entry line ...
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  .... Create a new program. Press 3 2. Type PROG1 (with no spaces) as the name of the new program variable. Press D D PROG j 1 3. Display the "template" for a new program. The program name, Prgm, and EndPrgm are shown automatically. After typing in an input box such as Variable, you...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 4. Type the following program lines. Request "Enter an integer",n Displays a dialog box that prompts "Enter an ...Marks the end of the For loop. Disp temp Displays the final value of temp. Type the program lines as shown. Press ¸ at the end of each line. Previews 129
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  ...I/O screen. The result is the sum of the integers from 1 through 5. Although the Program I/O screen looks similar to the Home screen, ... and output only. You cannot perform calculations on the Program I/O screen. Press ¸ twice Output from other programs may still be on the screen. Result of integer 5...
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  ... the Home screen. Press ‡ Text Operations Start a new Text Editor session. Then practice using the... may enter. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Start a new session of the Text Editor. Press 3 2. Create a ...will automatically store any text you enter in the new session. Use the MAIN folder, shown as ...
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  ...or right of the cursor, respectively. Press 2 ™ and type anything you want. 4. Leave the Text Editor and display the Home screen. Your text session was stored automatically as you typed. Therefore, you do not need to save the session manually before exiting the Text Editor. Press " Previews 132
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 5. Return to the current session on the Text Editor. Notice that the displayed session is exactly the same as you left it. Press 2 a Numeric Solver Consider the equation a=(m2Nm1)/(m2+m1)...g, where the known values are m2=10 and g=9.8. If you assume that a=1/3 g, ...
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  ... variable. To check the solution's accuracy, the left and right sides of the equation are evaluated separately. The difference is shown as left-rt. If the solution is precise, left-rt=0. Press „ g/3 is evaluated when you move the cursor off the line. 0 marks the calculated values. Previews 134
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 6. Graph the solution using a ZoomStd viewing window. The graph is displayed in a split screen. You can explore the graph by tracing, zooming, etc. The variable marked by the cursor (unknown variable m1) is on the x axis, and left...
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  Number Bases Calculate 10 binary (base 2) + F hexadecimal (base 16) + 10 decimal (base 10). Then, use the 4 operator to ... results are always displayed in decimal form. Press 3 „ (use D to move to Base mode) B 1 ¸ 2. Calculate 0b10+0hF+10. To enter a binary or hex number, you must use the 0b or 0h ...
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  ... 0h prefix to identify the base. Press « 1 ¸ 6. Change the Base mode to HEX. When Base = HEX or BIN, the magnitude of a result is restricted to certain size limitations. Press 3 „ (use D to move to Base mode) B 2 ¸ 7. Calculate 0b10+0hF+10. Press 0 j B 10 « 0 2 ™ HF j « 10 ¸ Previews 137
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 8. Change the Base mode to BIN. Press 3 „ (use D to move to Base mode) B 3 ¸ 9. Re-enter 0b10+0hF+10. Press ¸ Memory and Variable Management Assign values to a variety of variable data types. Use the VAR-LINK screen to view a list of the defined variables. Then ...
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  ... will not take up memory. Steps and keystrokes Display 1. From the Home screen, assign variables with the following variable types. Expression: 5 !x1 Function: x2+4 !f(x) List: {5,10} !L1 Matrix: [30,25] !m1 Press " M 5 9 X1 ¸ X Z 2«49jFcXd¸2[ 5 b 10 2 \ 9 j L1 ¸ 2 g 30 b 25 2 h 9 j M1 ¸ 2. ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 4. Change the screen's view to show only function variables. Although this may not seem particularly useful in an example with four variables, consider how useful it could be if there were many variables of all different types. Press „ D D B 5 ¸ 5. Highlight the f...
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  ...effect. The screen lists all defined variables. Press 2 ° (use D to highlight x1) 2. Use the , Manage toolbar menu to archive the variable. û indicates the variable is archived. Press , 8 3. Return to the Home screen and use the archived variable in a calculation. Press " 6 p X1 ¸ Previews 141
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 4. Attempt to store a different value to the archived variable. Press 10 9 X1 ¸ 5. Cancel the error message. Press N 6. Use VAR-LINK to unarchive the variable. x1) , 9 Press 2 ° (use D to highlight 7. Return to the Home screen and store a different value to the ...
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  Deleting variables Steps and keystrokes Display 1. Display VAR-LINK, and use the ‡ All toolbar menu to select all variables. A Ÿ mark indicates items that are selected. Notice that this also selected the MAIN folder. Note: Instead of using ‡ (if you don't want to delete all your variables), ...
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  Steps and keystrokes Display 4. Because ‡ 1 also selected the MAIN folder, an error message states that you cannot delete the MAIN folder. Acknowledge the message. When VAR-LINK is redisplayed, the deleted variables are not listed. Press ¸ 5. Close VAR-LINK and return to the current ...
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  Operating the Calculator Turning the Calculator On and Off You can turn your graphing calculator on and off manually by using the ´ and 2 ® (or 8 ®) keys. To prolong battery life, the APD™ (Automatic Power Down™) feature lets the calculator...
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  Turning the Calculator Off You can use either of the following keys to turn off your graphing calculator. Press: Description Settings and memory contents ...if an error message is press ®) displayed. • When you turn the calculator on again, it will be exactly as you left it. Note: ® ...
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  APD does not occur if a calculation or program is in progress, unless the program is paused. If a program is running, but ... the adjustment of the display contrast. The contrast setting is retained in memory when the graphing calculator is turned off. Adjusting the Display Contrast You can adjust the ...
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  ...of the display also gives battery information. Indicator in status line Description Batteries are low. Replace batteries as soon as possible. The TI-89 Titanium Keyboard Most keys can perform two or more functions, depending on whether you first press a ...
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  Ï Ê ƒ - 2
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  ... is one of several keys that can perform three operations, depending on whether you first press 2 or 8. The following TI-89 Titanium example shows using the 2 or 8 modifier key with the N key. Operating the Calculator 150
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  ... or 8, depending on the color in which the operation is printed on the keyboard and where it is positioned above the key. CUT 2nd On the TI-89 Titanium, 8 5 accesses CUT, which is the same color as the 8 key. When you press a modifier such as 2 or 8, a 2ND ...
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  ... to the right of the cursor. Enters the "with" operator, which is used in symbolic calculations. Performs integrations and derivatives. Designates an angle in polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. Displays the MATH menu. 2
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  ... variable names and in the Text Editor (Text Editor module). Entering a Letter Character on the TI-89 Titanium The letters x, y, z, and t are commonly used in algebraic ... them quickly, these letters are primary keys on the TI-89 Titanium keyboard. X Y Z T Operating the Calculator 153
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  ... A j [A] displays an A, which is the same color as the j key. Typing Alphabetic Characters on the TI-89 Titanium To: Type a single lowercase alpha character. Type a single uppercase alpha character. Type a space. Turn on lowercase alpha-lock. ...
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  ... use ¤ or uppercase ALPHA-lock for X, Y, Z, or T. On the TI-89 Titanium, alpha-lock is always turned ... from the Text Editor to the Home screen. On the TI-89 Titanium, while either type of alpha-... to press j or 2 ™ to type alphabetic characters on the TI-89 Titanium. Automatic alpha-lock is turned ...
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  ... lets you enter positive and negative numbers for your calculations. You can also enter numbers in scientific notation....1. Press the negation key ·. (Do not use the subtraction key |.) 2. Type the number. To see how your graphing calculator evaluates a negation in relation to other functions, refer ...
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  ... adds 4. • • Important: Use | for subtraction and use · for negation. Entering a Number in Scientific Notation 1. Type the part of the number that precedes the exponent. This value can be an expression. Operating the Calculator 157
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  ... number. Represents 123.45 × 10-2 Entering Expressions and Instructions You perform a calculation by evaluating an expression. You initiate an action by executing the appropriate instruction. Expressions are calculated and results are displayed according to the mode ...
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  ... or more arguments (enclosed in parentheses) after the function. For example: ‡(5) and min(5,8). Instructions cannot be used in expressions. Some instructions do not ...Notes: • The Technical Reference module describes all of the built-in functions and instructions. Operating the Calculator 159
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  ...guidebook uses the word command as a generic reference to both functions and instructions. Implied Multiplication The graphing calculator recognizes implied multiplication, provided it does not conflict with a reserved notation. If you enter:...
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  ..., if available. For example, select 2:abs from the Number submenu of the MATH menu. - or - • Type the name letter-by-letter from the keyboard. (On the TI-89 Titanium, use j and 2 ™ to type letters.) You can use any mixture of uppercase or lowercase letters. For example...
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  TI-89 Titanium Press 3.76 e c · 7.9 « Display 3.76/( M7.9+‡( 2] 2 ] inserts ‡( because its argument must be in parentheses. 3.76/( M7.9+‡(5)) Use d once to close ‡(5) and again to close (M7.9 + ‡5). 5dd «2 2 ™ LOG j c 45 d ¸ 3.76/( M7.9+‡(5))+2log(45) log requires ( ) around...
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  Entering Multiple Expressions on a Line To enter more than one expression or instruction at a time, separate them with a colon by pressing 2 Ë. Ê Displays last result ... C to move the cursor from the entry line up into the history area. This highlights the last answer. Operating the Calculator 163
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  ... When you press ¸ to evaluate an expression, the graphing calculator leaves the expression on the entry line ...use the last answer or enter a new expression. If you press: The calculator: Replaces the entry... and begins a new entry. « , |, p , e , Z, or § Any other key Example Calculate 3.76 ÷ (M7...
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  TI-89 Titanium Press 3.76 e c · 7.9 « 2]5dd Display ¸ « 2 2 ™ LOG j c 45 d ¸ When you press «, the entry line is replaced with the variable ans(1), which contains the last answer. Stopping a Calculation When a calculation is in progress, BUSY appears on the right end of the status line....
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  ... both the entry and its result in pretty print after you press ¸. Exact/Approx Mode By default, Exact/Approx = AUTO. You can use 3 to select from three settings. Because AUTO is a combination of the other two settings, you should be familiar with all three settings. Operating the Calculator 166
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  ... to a whole number. Press 8 ¸ to temporarily override the EXACT setting and display a floating-point result. Note: By retaining fractional and symbolic forms, EXACT reduces rounding errors that could be introduced by intermediate results in chained calculations. Operating the Calculator 167
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  ... floating-point (decimal) form. Note: Results are rounded to the precision of your graphing calculator and displayed according to current mode settings. Fractional results ... entry does not contain a decimal point. A decimal in the entry forces a floating-point result. Operating the Calculator 168
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  ... form, regardless of the current setting, press 8 ¸. Display Digits Mode By default, Display Digits = FLOAT 6, which means that results are rounded to a maximum of six digits. You can use 3 to select different settings. The settings apply to all exponential formats. Operating the Calculator 169
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  Internally, the calculator calculates and retains all decimal results with up to 14 significant digits (although a maximum ...of the Display Digits setting, the full value is used for internal floatingpoint calculations to ensure maximum accuracy. A result is automatically shown in scientific notation ...
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  ... the number of digits specified by the Display Digits mode, the calculator switches from NORMAL to SCIENTIFIC for that result only. 1.23456 × 104 SCIENTIFIC 1.... while typing an expression, it's often easier to correct the mistake than to retype the entire expression. Operating the Calculator 171
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  ... Highlight from the Previous Entry After you press ¸ to evaluate an expression, the calculator leaves that expression on the entry line and highlights it. To edit the...cursor moves up into the history area. Press N or press D until the cursor returns to the entry line. Operating the Calculator 172
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  ... entry line, press: • • M if the cursor is at the beginning or end of the entry line. - or - M M if the cursor is not at the beginning or end of the entry line. The first press deletes all characters to the right of the cursor, and the second clears the entry line. Operating the Calculator 173
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  ... The calculator has both an insert and an overtype mode. By default, the calculator is in the insert mode. To toggle between the insert and overtype modes, ... Characters First, highlight the applicable characters. Then, replace or delete all the highlighted characters. Operating the Calculator 174
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  ...some function keys automatically add an open parenthesis. Menus To leave the keyboard uncluttered, the calculator uses menus to access many operations. This section gives an overview of how to select an item from any menu. Specific menus Operating the Calculator 175
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  ...menu that you can customize to list any available function, instruction, or character. The calculator includes a default custom menu, which you can modify or redefine. Refer to the Calculator Home Screen and/or the Programming module for more information on the custom menu....
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  ... a Menu To select an item from the displayed menu, either: • Press the number or letter shown to the left of that item. For a letter on the TI-89 Titanium, press j and then a letter key. - or - • Use the cursor pad D and C to highlight the item, and then ...
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  Because of limited screen size, the TI-89 Titanium overlaps these menus. $ indicates that you can use the cursor pad to scroll down for additional items. For example, List displays a submenu that lets you select a specific List function. For items that have a...
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  ...display and select from a menu. An input box indicates that you must type a value. (Alpha-lock is automatically turned on for the TI-89 Titanium.) After typing in an input box such as Variable, you must press ¸ twice to save the information and close ...
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  ... submenu. (Or press ¸ since the first item is automatically highlighted.) 3. Press 3 to select round. (Or press D D and ¸.) 4. Press 2 T b 3 d and then ¸ to evaluate the expression. Ê Selecting the function in Step 3 automatically typed round( on the entry line. Operating the Calculator 180 Ê
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  Selecting an Application The graphing calculator has different applications that let you solve and explore a variety of problems. You can select an ... for viewing a graph. Display graphs. Application: FlashApps Y= Editor Window Editor Graph Operating the Calculator 181
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  ..., data, and matrices. You can perform statistical calculations and graph statistical plots. Enter and edit programs and functions. Enter ... for the unknown variable. Enter expressions and instructions, and perform calculations. Program Editor Text Editor Numeric Solver Home ...
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  ...file/variable for the selected App, this option defaults to New if you press ¸.) Lets you select an existing file. Creates a new file with the name typed in the field. Open ...press 2 K again. To return to the last open application from the Apps desktop, press 2 a. Operating the Calculator 183
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  From the Keyboard Operating the Calculator 184
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  You can access commonly used applications from the keyboard. On the TI-89 Titanium for example, 8 # is the same as pressing 8 and then ƒ. This guidebook uses the notation 8 #, similar to the notation used in second functions. Application: Home...
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  .... Use D or C (with ƒ, „, or ...) to scroll through the list. 2. Press B or A to display a menu that lists the valid settings. The current setting is highlighted. 3. Select the applicable setting. Either: • Use D or C to highlight the setting and press ¸. - or - Operating the Calculator 186
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  ... mode, look in the applicable section of this guidebook. Mode Graph Current Folder Description Type of... Folders to Store Independent Sets of Variables" in Calculator Home Screen. Maximum number of digits ... and displayed: RADIAN, DEGREE or GRADIAN. Display Digits Angle Operating the Calculator 187
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  ... Number of Graphs = 2, selects the type of graph in the Split 2 part of the screen. Refer to Calculator Home..., EXACT, or APPROXIMATE. Lets you perform calculations by entering numbers in decimal (DEC), hexadecimal... Split 2 App Number of Graphs Graph 2 Exact/Approx Base Operating the Calculator 188...
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  ... select Unit System, 3:CUSTOM. Lets you localize the calculator into one of several languages, depending on ... Up toolbar menu lets you start a new calculation from a cleared state without resetting the ... Menu To display the Clean Up menu from the Home screen, press: 2ˆ Operating the Calculator 189
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  ...character variable names are often used in symbolic calculations such as: solve(a¦x2+b... can select 1:Clear a-z before beginning the calculation. NewProb ¸ to execute the command. Places ..., this lets you restore the default. Refer to the Calculator Home Screen module for information on the custom...
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  ... provides a way to access any built-in command (functions and instructions) from one convenient list. In addition, the CATALOG dialog box lets you select ...„ Built-in, which displays an alphabetic list of all preinstalled commands (functions and instructions). Ê Ë Ì Operating the Calculator 191
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  Ê Defaults to „ Built-in. Ë ƒ Help displays a command's parameters in a dialog box. Ì ...and
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  ... program at a time One page at a time To the first function that begins with a specified letter Press or type: D or C 2 D or 2 C The letter key. (On the TI-89 Titanium, do not press j first. If you do, you need to press j or 2 ™ again before ...
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  ... command and its parameters. Some commands, such as ClrDraw, do not require parameters. If you select one of these commands, parameters will not display on the status line and you will see Unavailable if you press ƒ Help. Press N to exit the CATALOG Help dialog box. Operating the Calculator 194
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  ... program at a time One page at a time To the first function that begins with a specified letter Press or type: D or C 2 D or 2 C The letter key. (On the TI-89 Titanium, do not press j first. If you do, you need to press j or 2 ™ again before ...
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  Selecting a User-Defined Function or Program You can create your own functions or programs and then use
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  ... or program at a time One page at a time Press or type: D or C 2 D or 2 C To the first function or program that The letter key. (On the TI-89 begins with a specified letter Titanium, do not press j first. If you do, you need to press j or 2 ™ again ...
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  • Cannot be the same as a name that is preassigned by the calculator. Preassigned names include: Built-in functions (such as abs) and instructions (such as LineVert). Refer to the Technical Reference module. System variables (such as xmin and xmax, which are used ...
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  ... value you want to store, which can be an expression. 2. Press §. The store symbol (!) is displayed. 3. Type the variable name. Note: TI-89 Titanium users should use j as necessary when typing variable names. 4. Press ¸. To store to a variable temporarily, ...
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  ... ¸ to evaluate the expression. Note: To view a list of existing variable The variable's value did not change. names, use 2 ° as described in Memory and Variable Management. If you want the result to replace the variable's previous value, you must store the result. Operating the Calculator 200
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  ... bottom of all application screens. It shows information about the current state of the calculator, including several important mode settings. Status Line Indicators Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ê Current Folder Ë Modifier Key Ì Angle Mode Operating the Calculator 201
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  ...will use the diamond feature of the next key you press. ¤ - will type the uppercase letter for the next key you press. On the TI-89 Titanium, you can use ¤ to type a letter without having to use j. j - will type the lowercase letter for the next key you...
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  ... Angle mode, use the 3 key. Radians Degrees Gradian Shows how answers are calculated and displayed. To change the Exact/Approx mode, use the 3 key. ... differential equations RAD DEG GRAD Exact/Approx Mode AUTO EXACT APPROX Graph Number Graph Mode FUNC PAR POL SEQ 3D DE Operating the Calculator 203
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  ... pairs in the history area. Refer to History Information on the Status Line in the Calculator Home Screen module. A calculation or graph is in progress. You paused a graph or program. The variable opened in the current editor (Data/Matrix Editor, ...
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  ...to the same screen. Displaying the Calculator Home Screen When you first turn on your TI-89 Titanium, the Apps desktop is displayed. To display the calculator Home screen, highlight ...¸. You can also display the calculator Home screen by pressing " (TI-89 Titanium). If you turn off the...
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  .... Ê Toolbar Lets you display menus for selecting operations applicable to the calculator Home screen. To display a toolbar menu, press ƒ, „, ... Line Where you enter expressions or instructions. Î Status Line Shows the current state of the calculator, including several important mode settings....
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  .../answer pairs you have entered. Pairs scroll up the screen as you make new entries. Ì Answer Continues Highlight the answer and press B to scroll right and...to scroll right and view the rest of the entry. Press 2 A or 2 B to go to the beginning or end of the entry line. Calculator Home Screen 207
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  ..., information scrolls off the top of the screen. You can use the history area to: • • Review previous entries and answers. You can use the cursor to view entries and ... A and 2 B to go to the beginning or end), respectively. Move the cursor to the entry or answer. Use Calculator Home Screen 208
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  ... default, the last 30 entry/answer pairs are saved. If the history area is full when you make a new entry (indicated by 30/30), the new entry/answer pair is saved and the oldest pair is deleted. The history indicator does not change. Calculator Home Screen 209
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  ... to either the entry or answer. Press 0 or M. Saving the Calculator Home Screen Entries as a Text Editor ... in the history area, you can save the calculator Home screen to a text variable. When you ... script. Saving the Entries in the History Area From the calculator Home screen: 1. Press ƒ and select...
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  ...in an input box such as Variable, press ¸ twice). Restoring the Saved Entries Because the entries are stored in a script format, you cannot restore them from the calculator Home screen. (On the calculator Home screen's ƒ toolbar menu, 1:Open is not available.) Instead: Calculator Home Screen 211
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  1. Use the Text Editor to open the variable containing the saved calculator Home screen entries. The saved entries are listed as a series of command lines that you can execute individually, in any order. 2. Starting with the cursor on the first line of the script, press
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  .... 1. Highlight the characters that you want to cut or copy. In the entry line, move the cursor to either side of the characters. Hold ¤ and press A or B to highlight characters to the left or right of the cursor, respectively. 2. Press ƒ and select 4:Cut or 5:Copy. Calculator Home Screen 213
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  ..., if any. Pasting Information from the Clipboard A paste operation inserts the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor location on the entry line. This does not change the contents of the clipboard. 1. Position the cursor where you want to paste the information. Calculator Home Screen 214
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  ... Press: @ 86 c) For this example, press ¸ to evaluate the entry. 2. Paste the copied information into a new entry. a) Begin a new entry and place the cursor where you want to paste the copied information. Calculator Home Screen 215
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  .... c) Press: @ 87 to paste the copied expression. d) Complete the new entry, and press ¸. Note: You can ... c) Press: @ 87 to paste. d) Press ¸ to save the new definition. Note: By copying and pasting, you can easily transfer information from one application to another. Calculator Home Screen 216
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  ... Entry Line When you press ¸ to evaluate an expression, the TI-89 Titanium leaves that expression on the entry line and highlights it. ... expression. Next, reenter to increment the variable and calculate the square. TI-89 Titanium 0§ Display 2 ™ NUM ¸ NUM j « 1 § 2 ™ NUM 2 Ë NUM Z 2 ¸ ...
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  TI-89 Titanium Display ¸¸ Note: Reexecuting an entry "as is" is useful for iterative calculations that involve variables. Using the ... and reexecute using 7.95 and continue until the answer is as accurate as you want. TI-89 Titanium 8§jR2 Ë 2TjRZ2 ¸ Display 8¸ Calculator Home Screen 218
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  TI-89 Titanium 7.95 ¸ Display A88 Note: When the entry contains a decimal point, the result is automatically displayed in floating-point. Recalling a Previous Entry You can recall any previous entry that is stored in the history area, even if the entry has scrolled off the top of the screen. ...
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  ... recalls this entry. Recalling the Last Answer Each time you evaluate an expression, the TI-89 Titanium stores the answer to the variable ans(1). To insert this variable in the entry line, press 2 ±. For example, calculate the area of a garden plot that...
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  ...lets you insert a previous entry or answer into a new expression without having to retype the previous information.... answer only. Each time you enter a calculation, ans(1) is updated to the latest answer. Note: You can also paste information by using the ƒ toolbar menu. Calculator Home Screen 221
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  ... by 8 at the end of the line), use B and A or 2 B and 2 A. The highlighted item is inserted in the entry line. 4. Press ¸. This pastes the entire entry or answer. If you need only a part of the entry or answer, edit the entry line to delete the unwanted parts. Calculator Home Screen 222
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  ... the same expression (but with different values) multiple times. User-defined functions can also extend your TI-89 Titanium's capabilities beyond the built-in functions. Format of a Function The following examples show user-defined functions with one argument ...
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  ... the argument list). § Define command Define a function name (including the argument list) as an expression. Program Editor Refer to Programming or information on creating a user-defined function. Calculator Home Screen 224
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  ... (If, ElseIf, Return, etc.) used in programming. Note: For information about similarities and differences between functions and programs, refer to Programming. For example, suppose you want to create a .... Ë Variables not in the argument list must be declared as local. Calculator Home Screen 225
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  ... ...:EndFunc Use argument names that will never be used when calling the function or program. On the calculator Home screen: Multi-statement functions show as... easier to create a complicated multi-statement function in the Program Editor than on the calculator Home screen. Refer to Programming. ...
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  Evaluating a Function You can use a user-defined function just as you would any other function. Evaluate it by itself or include it in another expression. Displaying and Editing a Function Definition To: Do this: Display a list of all Press 2 ° to display the VAR-LINK user-defined functions ...
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  ... cases, an entry or answer may be "too long" and/or "too tall" to be displayed completely in the history area. In other cases, the TI-89 Titanium may not be able to display an answer because there is not enough free memory. Calculator Home Screen 228
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  ... Ì Press A or 2 A to scroll left Í Press B or 2 B to scroll right Ì Ë Í If There Is not Enough Memory A > symbol is displayed when the TI-89 Titanium does not have enough free memory to display the answer. Calculator Home Screen 229
• Page 230
  ... If possible, break the problem into smaller parts that can be calculated and displayed with less memory. Using the Custom Menu The TI-89 Titanium has a custom menu that you can turn on and off at any time. You can use the default custom menu or ...
• Page 231
  ... the normal toolbar menu. When you turn it off, the normal menu returns. For example, from the calculator Home screen's normal toolbar menu, press 2 ½ to toggle the custom menu on and off. 2¾ Calculator Home screen normal toolbar menu Custom menu Note: You can also turn ...
• Page 232
  ... displayed and you want to restore the default: 1. From the calculator Home screen, use 2 ½ to turn off the custom menu and display the calculator Home screen's normal toolbar menu. 2. Display ... by running the program again. 3. Press ¸ to execute the commands and restore the default. Calculator ...
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  ... may need to find out information about your TI-89 Titanium, particularly the software version and the unit... or upgraded software or Flash applications for your TI-89 Titanium, you may need to provide your ...unit. If you have difficulties with your TI-89 Titanium and need to contact technical support, ...
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  The About screen displays the following information about your calculator Hardware version OS (Advanced Mathematics Software) version Product identifier (Product...to obtain certificates for installing purchased Apps) Your screen will be different from the one shown above. Calculator Home Screen 234
• Page 235
  ...How Undefined and Defined Variables Are Treated When you enter an expression that contains a variable, the TI-89 Titanium treats the variable in one of two ways. • • If the variable is undefined, it is treated as an algebraic symbol. If the variable ...
• Page 236
  ... When defining a variable, it's a good practice to use more than one character in the name. Leave one-character names undefined for symbolic calculations. Unless you knew that 5 had been stored to x previously, the answer 75 could be misleading. Determining If a Variable Is Exists Method: Example...
• Page 237
  Method: Example: If defined, the variable's type is displayed. Use the getType function. If undefined, "NONE" is displayed. Note: Use 2 ° to view a list of defined variables, as described in Memory and Variable Management. Symbolic Manipulation 237
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  Deleting a Defined Variable You can "undefine" a defined variable by deleting it. To delete: Do this: One or more specified variables Use the DelVar function. You can also delete variables by using the VAR-LINK screen (2 °) as described in Memory and Variable Management. All variables of a ...
• Page 239
  To delete: Do this: All one-letter variables (a - z) in the current folder. Note: For information about folders, refer to the Calculator Home Screen module. From the Home screen Clean Up menu, select 1:Clear a-z. You will be prompted to press ¸ to confirm the deletion. Temporarily Overriding a...
• Page 240
  ... settings, which are described briefly in Operating the Handheld, directly affect the precision and accuracy with which the TI-89 Titanium calculates a result. This section describes these mode settings as they relate to symbolic manipulation. EXACT Setting ...
• Page 241
  ... 0.641186, but it is not displayed in the EXACT setting. Disadvantages As you use more complicated rational numbers and irrational constants, calculations can: • • • Use more memory, which may exhaust the memory before a solution is completed. Take more computing time. Produce bulky results ...
• Page 242
  ... than exact results. If you do not plan to use symbolic computations, approximate results are similar to familiar, traditional numeric calculators. Disadvantages Results with undefined variables or functions often exhibit incomplete cancellation. For example, a coefficient that should be 0 might be ...
• Page 243
  converting any rational operands to floating-point. In other words, floating-point is "infectious." For example: 1/2 - 1/3 transforms to 1/6 but 0.5 - 1/3 transforms to .16666666666667 This floating-point infection does not leap over barriers such as undefined variables or between elements of ...
• Page 244
  Automatic Simplification When you type an expression on the entry line and press ¸, the TI-89 Titanium automatically simplifies the expression according to its default simplification rules. Default Simplification Rules All of the following rules are applied ...
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  • • Numeric subexpressions are combined. Products and sums are sorted into order. Products and sums involving undefined variables are sorted according to the first letter of the variable name. Undefined variables r through z are assumed to be true variables, and are placed in alphabetical ...
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  • Polynomial greatest common divisors are canceled. Polynomials are expanded unless no key cancellation can occur. • No key cancellation • Common denominators are formed unless no key cancellation can occur. No key cancellation • Functional identities are exploited. For example: ln(...
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  Delayed Simplification for Certain Built-In Functions Usually, variables are automatically simplified to their lowest possible level before they are passed to a function. For certain functions, however, complete simplification is delayed until after the function is performed. Functions that Use ...
• Page 248
  Note: You may or may not want to define a numeric value for var, depending on the situation. For example: x cannot be simplified. x is not simplified. The function uses x3, and then substitutes 5 for x. Note: The example to the right finds the derivative of x3 at x=5. If x3 was initially ...
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  Substituting Values and Setting Constraints The "with" operator ( | ) lets you temporarily substitute values into an expression or specify domain constraints. Typing the "With" Operator To type the "with" operator ( | ), press: @ Í Substituting for a Variable For every occurrence of a specified ...
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  ... Substituting Complex Values You can substitute complex values just as you would for other values. All undefined variables are treated as real numbers in symbolic calculations. To perform complex symbolic analysis, you must define a complex variable. For example: x+yi!z Then you can use z as a ...
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  Note: • • For an overview of complex numbers, refer to the Technical Reference module. To get the complex i, press 2 ). Do not simply type the letter i on the keyboard. Be Aware of the Limitations of Substitutions • Substitution occurs only where there is an exact match for the ...
• Page 252
  • Infinite recursions can occur when you define a substitution variable in terms of itself. Substitutes sin(x+1), sin(x+1+1), sin(x+1+1+1), etc sin(x)|x=x+1 When you enter a substitution that causes an infinite recursion: An error message is displayed. - When you press N, an error is shown in...
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  - Substituting for more general expressions (either møc2=e or c2øm=e) may not work as you anticipate. No match for substitution Note: Use the solve function to help determine the single-variable substitution. Specifying Domain Constraints Many identities and transformations are valid for only...
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  Note: Enter ln(x
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  Storing 1!x affects the subsequent calculations.calculation. Caution: After x is defined, it can affect all calculations that involve x (until you delete x). Overview of the Algebra Menu You can use the „ Algebra toolbar menu to select the most ...
• Page 256
  ...set Exact/Approx = APPROXIMATE (or using 8 ¸ to evaluate an expression). Calculates a common denominator for all terms in an expression and transforms ... and denominator. Returns an expression as a proper fraction expression. Calculates a single solution for an equation as a floatingpoint number (as ...
• Page 257
  Menu Item Trig Description Displays the submenu: tExpand - Expands trig expressions with angle sums and multiple angles. TCollect - Collects the products of integer powers of trig functions into angle sums and multiple angles. tCollect is the opposite of tExpand. Complex Displays the submenu: ...
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  Menu Item Description right - Returns the right-hand side of an equation or inequality. Note: The left and right functions are also used to return a specified number of elements or characters from the left or right side of a list or character string. Common Algebraic Operations This section ...
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  Factoring and Expanding Polynomials Use the factor („ 2) and expand („ 3) functions. factor(expression [,var]) for factoring with respect to a variable expand(expression [,var]) for partial expansion with respect to a variable Factor x5 N 1. Then expand the result. Notice that factor and ...
• Page 260
  Finding Partial Expansions With the expand („ 3) function's optional var value, you can do a partial expansion that collects similar powers of a variable. Do a full expansion of (x2Nx) (y2Ny) with respect to all variables. Then do a partial expansion with respect to x. Solving an Equation Use ...
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  To see intermediate results, you can manually solve the equation step-by-step. x « y | 5 Á 2x | 5y |2x |y «5 p?1 Note: An operation such as | 2 p subtracts 2x from both sides. Solving a System of Linear Equations Consider a set of two equations with two unknowns: 2x N 3y = 4 Lx + 7y = L12 To ...
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  Method Use the simult function with a matrix. Example Enter the coefficients as a matrix and the results as a constant column matrix. Use the ... as an augmented matrix. Note: The simult and rref matrix functions are not on the „ Algebra menu. Use 2 I 4 or the Catalog. Symbolic Manipulation 262
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  Finding the Zeros of an Expression Use the zeros („ 4) function. zeros(expression, var) Use the expression x sin(x) + cos(x). Find the zeros with respect to x in the interval 0  x and x  3. Note: For , or , type 8 Ã or 8 Â.You can Use the "with" operator to specify the interval. ...
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  ... numerator and a fully expanded denominator. Notice that propFrac and comDenom perform opposite operations. Note: You can use comDenom with an expression, list, or matrix. If you do this example on your handheld, the propFrac function scrolls off the top of the screen. In this example: Symbolic ...
• Page 265
  • • 31 x + 60 is the remainder of x4N2x2+x divided by 2x2+x+4. 8 x x 15/8 is the quotient. 2 4 2 Overview of the Calc Menu You can use the ...Calc toolbar menu to select commonly used calculus functions. The Calc Menu From the Home screen, press ...to display: This menu is also available ...
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  ...integrate limit Integrates an expression with respect to a specified variable. Calculates the limit of an expression with respect to a specified variable. ... arc length of an expression with respect to a specified variable. Calculates a Taylor polynomial approximation to an expression with respect to...
• Page 267
  Note: The d symbol for differentiate is a special symbol. It is not the same as typing the letter D on the keyboard. Use ...1 or 2 =. Common Calculus Operations This section gives examples for some of the functions available from the ...Calc toolbar menu. For complete information about any ...
• Page 268
  Note: You can integrate an expression only; you can differentiate an expression, list, or matrix. Finding a Limit Use the limit (...3) function. limit(expression, var, point [,... sin(3x) / x as x approaches 0. Note: You can find a limit for an expression, list, or matrix. Symbolic Manipulation 268
• Page 269
  ... results to appear in a different form. User-Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation You can use a user-defined function as an argument for the TI-89 Titanium 's built-in algebra and calculus functions. Symbolic Manipulation 269
• Page 270
  ... a User-Defined Function Refer to Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions" in the Calculator Home Screen module. "Graphing a Function Defined on the Home Screen" and "Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function" in the Calculator Home Screen module. "Overview of ...
• Page 271
  • Use 9 to create a user-defined secant function, where: 1 sec x = ---------cos x Then find the limit of sec(x) as x approaches p/4. Note: To select limit from the Calc toolbar menu, press ...3. • Use Define to create a user-defined function h(x), where: x sin t h ( x t 0 Define h(x)= ...
• Page 272
  In some cases, you may be able to create an equivalent single-statement function. For example, consider a piecewise function with two pieces. When: x
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  ... an equivalent single-statement user-defined function. Use the TI-89 Titanium's built-in when function. Then integrate y1(x) with respect ...point result. If You Get an Out-of-Memory Error The TI-89 Titanium stores intermediate results in memory and then deletes them when the calculation is complete. ...
• Page 274
  ... pairs that will be saved. Use 3 to set Exact/Approx = APPROXIMATE. (For results that have a large number of digits, this uses less memory than AUTO or EXACT. For results that have only a few digits, this uses more memory.) Simplifying Problems • Split the problem into parts. • Split solve(a
• Page 275
  • • Reformulate a problem to avoid fractional powers. Omit relatively small terms to find an approximation. Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation The result of a calculation may include one of the special constants described in this section. In some ...
• Page 276
  @n1 ...@n255 This notation indicates an "arbitrary integer" that represents any integer. When an arbitrary integer occurs multiple times in the same session, each occurrence is numbered consecutively. After it reaches 255, arbitrary integer consecutive numbering restarts at @n0. Use Clean Up 2:...
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  @1 ...@255 This notation indicates an "arbitrary constant" that represents any integer. When an arbitrary constant occurs multiple times in the same session, each occurrence is numbered consecutively. After it reaches 255, arbitrary integer consecutive numbering restarts at @0. Use Clean Up 2:...
• Page 278
  undef This indicates that the result is undefined. Mathematically undefined „ˆ (undetermined sign) Non-unique limit Symbolic Manipulation 278
• Page 279
  Constants and Measurement Units Entering Constants or Units You can use a menu to select from a list of available constants and units, or you can type them directly from the keyboard. From a Menu The following shows how to select a unit, but you can use the same general procedure to select a ...
• Page 280
  ... the Keyboard You can also move the cursor by typing the first letter of a unit. 6.3_pF If you know the abbreviation that the TI-89 Titanium uses for a particular constant or unit, you can type it directly from the keyboard. For example: 256_m • The first ...
• Page 281
  Combining Multiple Units You may need to combine two or more units from different categories. For example, suppose you want to enter a velocity in meters per second. In the UNITS dialog box, however, the Velocity category does not contain this unit. You can enter meters per second by combining _m ...
• Page 282
  Using Parentheses with Units in a Calculation In a calculation, you may need to use parentheses ( ) to group a value and its units so that they are evaluated properly. This is particularly true for division problems. For example: To calculate: 100_m 2_s Enter: 100_m/(2_s) 50 • -----You ...
• Page 283
  ... one unit to another in the same category, including any userdefined units. For All Units Except Temperature If you use a unit in a calculation, it is converted and displayed automatically in the current default unit for that category, unless you use the 4 conversion operator as described later. The...
• Page 284
  If you want to convert to a unit other than the default, use the 4 conversion operator. expression_unit1 4 _unit2 For 4, press 2 4. To convert 4 light years to kilometers: 4_ltyr 4 _km To convert 186000 miles/second to kilometers/hour: 186000_mi/_s 4 _km/_hr Constants and Measurement Units 284
• Page 285
  If an expression uses a combination of units, you can specify a conversion for some of the units only. Any units for which you do not specify a conversion will be displayed according to your defaults. To convert 186000 miles/second from miles to kilometers: 186000_mi/_s 4 _km Because a Time ...
• Page 286
  For Temperature Values To convert a temperature value, you must use tmpCnv( ) instead of the 4 operator. tmpCnv(expression_¡tempUnit1, _¡tempUnit2) For ¡, press 2 v" . For example, to convert 100_¡C to _¡F: tmpCnv(100_¡c, _¡f) 0 1 0 0 o C _ o _ F 3 2 2 1 2 Constants and Measurement ...
• Page 287
  ... Default Units for Displayed Results All results involving units are displayed in the default unit for that category. For example, if the default unit for Length is _m, any length result is displayed in meters (even if you entered _km or _ft in the calculation). Constants and Measurement Units 287
• Page 288
  If You're Using the SI or ENG/US System The SI and ENG/US systems of measurement (set from Page 3 of the MODE screen) use built-in default units, which you cannot change. The default units for these systems are available. If Unit System=SI or ENG/US, the Custom Units item is dimmed. You cannot set ...
• Page 289
  4. For each category, you can highlight its default, press B, and select a unit from the list. 5. Press ¸ twice to save your changes and exit the MODE screen. You can also move the cursor by typing the first letter of a unit. Notes: • • You can also use setUnits( ) or getUnits( ) to set or ...
• Page 290
  ..., you can expand the list of available units by defining a new unit in terms of one or more pre-defined units.... to enter length values in dekameters. Define 10_m as a new unit named _dm. Instead of entering _m/_s2... a single unit named _ms2. You want to calculate how many times someone blinks. You can ...
• Page 291
  Rules for User-Defined Unit Names The naming rules for units are similar to variables. • • Can have up to 8 characters. First character must be an underscore. For _, press: 85 Second character can be any valid variable name character except _ or a digit. For example, _9f is not valid. Remaining...
• Page 292
  ...a dekameter unit: 10_m !_dm To define an acceleration unit: _m/_s^2 !_ms2 Assuming unit defaults for Length and Time are set to _m and _s. To calculate 195 blinks in 5 minutes as _blinks/_min: 195_blinks/(5_min) Assuming unit default for Time is set to _s. Notes: • • User-defined units are ...
• Page 293
  List of Pre-Defined Constants and Units This section lists the pre-defined constants and units by category. You can select any of these from the UNITS dialog box. If you use 3 to set default units, note that categories with only one defined unit are not listed. Defaults for SI and ENG/US The SI and...
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  ...'M2_m3/_mol 8.8541878176204E'M12_F/_m 5.670400E'M8_W/_m2/_¡K4 2.06783372E'M15_Wb 1.2566370614359E'M6_N/_A2 9.27400949E'M24_J ø_m2/_Wb • The calculator simplifies unit expressions and displays results according to your default units. Therefore, constant values displayed on your screen may ...
• Page 295
  • These values represent the most up-to-date constants available at time of printing from the CODATA Internationally recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants available on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) web site. (http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/...
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  Volume _cup _floz _flozUK _gal _galUK _l cup fluid ounce British fluid ounce gallon British gallon liter _ml _pt _qt _tbsp _tsp milliliter pint quart tablespoon teaspoon NONE (SI) (ENG/US) Time _day _hr _min _ms _ns day hour minute millisecond nanosecond _s _week _yr _ms second (SI) (ENG/US) week...
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  Acceleration no pre-defined units Temperature _¡C _¡F ¡Celsius (For ¡, press 2 ".) ¡Fahrenheit _¡K _¡R ¡Kelvin ¡Rankine (no default) Luminous Intensity _cd candela (no default) Amount of Substance _mol mole (no default) Mass _amu _gm _kg _lb atomic mass unit gram kilogram (SI) pound...
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  _mg _mton milligram metric ton _tonUK long ton Force _dyne _kgf _lbf dyne kilogram force pound force (ENG/US) _N _tonf newton (SI) ton force Energy _Btu _cal _erg _eV _ftlb British thermal unit (ENG/US) calorie erg electron volt foot-pound _J _kcal _kWh _latm joule (SI) kilocalorie kilowatt-...
• Page 299
  Pressure _atm _bar _inH2O _inHg _mmH2O atmosphere bar inches of water inches of mercury millimeters of water _mmHg _Pa _psi _torr millimeters of mercury pascal (SI) pounds per square inch (ENG/US) millimeters of mercury Viscosity, Kinematic _St stokes Viscosity, Dynamic _P poise Frequency _GHz ...
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  Electric Current _A _kA ampere (SI) (ENG/US) kiloampere _mA _mA milliampere microampere Charge _coul coulomb (SI) (ENG/US) Potential _kV _mV kilovolt millivolt _V _volt volt (SI) (ENG/US) volt Resistance _kJ _MJ kilo ohm megaohm _ohm _J ohm ohm (SI) (ENG/US) Conductance _mho _mmho mho (ENG/US) ...
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  Capacitance _F _nF farad (SI) (ENG/US) nanofarad _pF _mF picofarad microfarad Mag Field Strength _Oe oersted NONE (SI) (ENG/US) Mag Flux Density _Gs gauss _T tesla (SI) (ENG/US) Magnetic Flux _Wb weber (SI) (ENG/US) Inductance _henry _mH henry (SI) (ENG/US) millihenry _nH _mH nanohenry ...
• Page 302
  Basic Function Graphing Overview of Steps in Graphing Functions To graph one or more y(x) functions, use the ...You may not need to do all the steps each time you graph a function. Graphing Functions 1. Set Graph mode (3) to FUNCTION. Also set Angle mode, if necessary. 2. Define x and y components on ...
• Page 303
  ... 5. Define the viewing window (8 $). „ Zoom also changes the viewing window. 6. Change the graph format if necessary. ƒ9 - or - 8Í 7. Graph the selected functions (8 %). Exploring the Graph From the Graph screen, you can: • • Display the coordinates of any pixel by using the free...
• Page 304
  ... functions, you must select FUNCTION graphing. You may also need to set the Angle mode, which affects how the TI-89 Titanium graphs trigonometric functions. Graph Mode 1. Press 3 to display the MODE dialog box, which shows the current mode settings. ...
• Page 305
  ... angle values. Checking the Status Line To see the current Graph mode and Angle mode, check the ... In FUNCTION graphing mode, you can graph functions named y1(x) through y99(x). To define and edit these functions, use the Y= Editor. (The Y= Editor lists function names for Basic Function Graphing 305
• Page 306
  ...graphing mode. For example, in POLAR graphing mode, function names are r1(q), r2(q), etc.) Defining a New Function 1. Press 8 #... 4. Type the expression to define the function. • • The independent variable in function graphing is x. The expression can refer to other variables, including matrices, ...
• Page 307
  ...the cursor within the expression and edit it. Refer to "Editing an Expression in the Entry Line" in Operating the Calculator. - or - • Press M once or twice to clear the old expression, and then type the new one. 4. Press ¸. The function list ...
• Page 308
  ... erase any stat plots. You don't have to clear a function to prevent it from being graphed. You can select the functions you want to graph. Shortcuts to Move the Cursor From the Y= Editor: Press: To: Go to function 1 or to the last defined function, respectively. If the...
• Page 309
  ... Defined Function" in Additional Graphing Topics. "Overview of Entering a Function" in Programming. "Storing and Recalling Variable Values" in Operating the Calculator. "Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions" in Calculator Home Screen. Store ...
• Page 310
  Selected If PLOT numbers are displayed, those stat plots are selected. In this example, Plots 1 and 2 are selected. To view them, scroll above y1=. Deselected To select or deselect: A specified function Do this: • • Move the cursor to highlight the function. Press
• Page 311
  • • Use the FnOn and FnOff commands (available from the Home screen's
• Page 312
  ... Line as the style for all functions, press ‡ and select 4:Reset Styles. If You Use Above or Below Shading The TI-89 Titanium has four shading patterns, used on a rotating basis. If you set one function as shaded, it uses the first pattern. ...
• Page 313
  ... window represents the portion of the coordinate plane displayed on the Graph screen. By setting Window variables, you can...boundaries and other attributes. Function graphs, parametric graphs, etc., have their own .... yscl xmax xmin Corresponding Viewing Window (shown on Graph screen) Basic Function ...
• Page 314
  ...axes. Sets pixel resolution (1 through 10) for function graphs. The default is 2. • • At 1, functions are evaluated and ... the x axis. At 10, functions are evaluated and graphed at every 10th pixel along the x axis...=0 and/or yscl=0. Small values of xres improve the graph's resolution but may reduce...
• Page 315
  ...from the Home screen or a program. Refer to "Storing and Recalling Variable Values" in Operating the Calculator. Changing the Graph Format You can set the graph format... making a change, press N. You also can display the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box from the Y= Editor, Window Editor, or ...
• Page 316
  ... Order Description Graphs functions one at a time (SEQ) or all at the same time (SIMUL...) a reference cursor that tracks the functions as they are graphed. Shows (ON) or hides (OFF) labels for the x and... that xscl and/or yscl = 0. Changing Settings From the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box: 1. Move the cursor...
• Page 317
  ... Graph Screen Press 8 %. The TI-89 Titanium automatically graphs the selected functions. BUSY indicator shows while graphing is in progress. If you select an „ Zoom operation from the Y= Editor or Window Editor, the TI-89 Titanium automatically displays the Graph screen. Interrupting ...
• Page 318
  • • To pause graphing temporarily, press ¸. (The PAUSE indicator replaces BUSY.) To resume, press ¸ again. To cancel graphing, press ´. To start graphing again from the beginning, press
• Page 319
  ...-Moving Cursor To display the coordinates of any location on the Graph screen, use the free-moving cursor....any pixel on the screen; the cursor is not confined to a graphed function. Free-Moving Cursor When you ...screen does not show coordinates, set the graph format so that Coordinates = RECT or POLAR....
• Page 320
  ...not on it. Cursor coordinates are for the center of the pixel, not the function. To increase the accuracy: • • Use the Trace tool described on the next page to display coordinates that are on the function. Use a Zoom operation to zoom in on a portion of the graph. Basic Function Graphing 320
• Page 321
  ... moves only along a function's plotted points. Beginning a Trace From the Graph screen, press ...The trace cursor appears on the function,...'s coordinates are displayed at the bottom of the screen. If multiple functions are graphed, the trace cursor appears on the lowest-numbered function selected in ...
• Page 322
  ... does not show coordinates, set the graph format so that Coordinates = 8Í RECT or POLAR. Press: Each displayed y value is calculated from the x value; that is, y=yn(x). If the function is undefined... QuickCenter to trace a function that goes above or below the window. Basic Function Graphing 322...
• Page 323
  ... functions in the Y= Editor, not the appearance of the functions as graphed on the screen. Automatic Panning If you .... There is a slight pause while the new portion of the graph is drawn. Before automatic pan... are displayed or if a function uses a shaded display style. Basic Function Graphing 323
• Page 324
  ... application screen such as the Y= Editor. When you return to the Graph screen and press ...to begin tracing: ... appears at the middle x value. If Smart Graph does not regraph the screen, the cursor ... at its previous location (before you displayed the other application). Basic Function Graphing 324
• Page 325
  ..., refer to the Technical Reference module. Note: If you select a Zoom tool from the Y=Editor or Window Editor, the TI-89 Titanium automatically displays the Graph screen. Zoom Tool ZoomBox ZoomIn, ZoomOut ZoomDec ZoomSqr Description Lets you draw a box and ...
• Page 326
  ... Window variables to preset values that are often appropriate for graphing trig functions. Centers the origin and ... yscl = 0.5 or 90 degrees) Lets you select a new center point, and then sets ... variable values for the selected functions. In function graphing, this maintains the current xmin and xmax ...
• Page 327
  ... you move the cursor, the box stretches. 4. When you have outlined the area you want to zoom in on, press ¸. The Graph screen shows the zoomed area. You can cancel ZoomBox by pressing N before you press ¸. Basic Function Graphing 327
• Page 328
  ... prompts for New Center? 2. Move the cursor to the point where you want to zoom in or out, and then press ¸. The TI-89 Titanium adjusts the Window variables by the Zoom factors defined in SetFactors. • For a ZoomIn, the x variables are divided by xFact, and the y ...
• Page 329
  ...2. Use D and C to highlight the value you want to change. Then: • Type the new value. The old value is cleared automatically when you begin typing. - or - •...current one. 1. From the „ Zoom menu, select B:Memory to display its submenu. 2. Select the applicable item. Basic Function Graphing 329
• Page 330
  ... one set of Window variable values at a time. Storing a new set overwrites the old set. Restoring the Standard ... 6:ZoomStd. Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions On the Graph screen, the ‡ Math toolbar menu has several tools that help you analyze graphed functions. Basic Function Graphing 330
• Page 331
  Overview of the Math Menu Press ‡ from the Graph screen. On the Derivatives submenu, only dy/dx is ... graphing. The other derivatives are available for other graphing modes (parametric, polar, etc.). Math Tool ... along a curve. ‰f(x)dx Inflection Distance Tangent Arc Basic Function Graphing 331
• Page 332
  Math Tool Shade Description Depends on the number of functions graphed. • • If only one function is... the x axis. If two or more functions are graphed, this shades the area between any two ... variable sysMath. Finding y(x) at a Specified Point 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select 1:Value....
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  ..., and pressing ¸. Finding a Zero, Minimum, or Maximum within an Interval 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select 2:Zero, 3:Minimum, or 4:... are displayed. Finding the Intersection of Two Functions within an Interval 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select 5:Intersection. 2. Select the ...
• Page 334
  ... are displayed. y2(x)=2xN7 Finding the Derivative (Slope) at a Point 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select 6:Derivatives. Then select 1:dy/... that point is displayed. Finding the Numerical Integral over an Interval 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select 7:‰f(x)dx. 2. As necessary,...
• Page 335
  3. Set the lower limit for x. Either use A and B to move the cursor to the lower limit or type its x value. 4. Press ¸. A 4 at the top of the screen marks the lower limit. Note: To erase the shaded area, press
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  ... is drawn as you move the cursor.) 7. Press ¸. The distance between the two points is displayed, along with the connecting line. Drawing a Tangent Line 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select A:Tangent. 2. As necessary, use D and C to select the applicable function. Note: To erase a drawn ...
• Page 337
  Finding an Arc Length 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select B:Arc. 2. As necessary, use D and C...Axis You must have only one function graphed. If you graph two or more functions, the Shade tool shades the area between two functions. 1. From the Graph screen, press ‡ and select C:Shade. The ...
• Page 338
  3. Set the lower bound for x. Either use A and B to move the cursor to the lower bound or type its x value. Note: If you do not press A or B, or type an x value when setting the lower and upper bound, xmin and xmax will be used as the lower and upper bound, respectively. 4. Press ¸. A 4 at the ...
• Page 339
  6. Set the lower bound for x. Either use A and B to move the cursor to the lower bound or type its x value. Note: If you do not press A or B, or type an x value when setting the lower and upper bound, xmin and xmax will be used as the lower and upper bound, respectively. 7. Press ¸. A 4 at the ...
• Page 340
  ..., use the same general steps used for y(x) functions as described in Basic Function Graphing. Any differences that apply to polar equations are described on the following pages. Graphing Polar Equations 1. Set Graph mode (3) to POLAR. Also set Angle mode, if ...
• Page 341
  .... 5. Define the viewing window (8 $). „ Zoom also changes the viewing window. 6. Change the graph format if necessary. ƒ9 - or - 8Í 7. Graph the selected equations (8 %). Exploring the Graph From the Graph screen, you can: • Display the coordinates of any pixel by using the free-...
• Page 342
  ... toolbar menu to zoom in or out on a portion of the graph. Use the ‡ Math toolbar menu to find ... y(x) functions as described in Basic Function Graphing. This section describes the differences that apply to polar equations... let you enter information for the current Graph mode setting only. You should...
• Page 343
  ... (see the Technical Reference module) to define functions and equations for any graphing mode, regardless of the current mode. The Y= Editor maintains an independent function list for each Graph mode setting. For example, suppose: • • In FUNCTION graphing mode, you define a ...
• Page 344
  ...10. ymin = L10. ymax = 10. yscl = 1. (.1308996...radians or 7.5 xscl = 1. degrees) You may need to change the standard values for the q variables (qmin, qmax, qstep) to ensure that enough points are plotted. Setting the Graph Format To display coordinates as r and q values, use: Polar Graphing 344
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  ...POLAR. If Coordinates = RECT, the polar equations will be graphed properly, but coordinates will be displayed as x and ... are shown in polar or rectangular form as set in the graph format. Tool Free-Moving Cursor.... Works just as it does for function graphs. • • Only x (xmin, xmax, xscl) and y (ymin...
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  .... Automatic panning is not available. If you move the cursor off the left or right side of the screen, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 Graphing Calculator will not automatically pan the viewing window. However, you can use QuickCenter. ...Trace • ...
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  ... use the same general steps used for y(x) functions as described in Basic Function Graphing. Any differences that apply to parametric equations are described on the following pages. Graping Parametic Equations 1. Set Graph mode (3) to PARAMETRIC. Also set Angle mode, if necessary. 2....
• Page 348
  .... 5. Define the viewing window (8 $). „ Zoom also changes the viewing window. 6. Change the graph format if necessary. ƒ9 - or - 8Í 7. Graph the selected equations (8 %). Exploring the Graph From the Graph screen, you can: • Display the coordinates of any pixel by using the free-...
• Page 349
  ...„ Zoom toolbar menu to zoom in or out on a portion of the graph. Use the ‡ Math toolbar menu to find derivatives... Editor let you enter information for the current Graph mode setting only. Defining Parametric ... define only one component, the equation cannot be graphed. (However, you can use single ...
• Page 350
  ...as a user-defined function called tcos, not as implied multiplication. In most cases, this refers to a nonexistent function. So the TI-89 Titanium simply returns the function name, not a number. Note: When using t, be sure implied multiplication is valid for ...
• Page 351
  ... the Display Style You can set the style for either the x or y component. For example, if you set the x component to Dot, the TI-89 Titanium automatically sets the y component to Dot. Note: Use the Animate and Path styles for interesting projectile-motion effects. ...
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  ...tstep) to ensure that enough points are plotted. Exploring a Graph As in function graphing, you can explore a graph by using the following tools. Note: During a trace, you can also evaluate ...still on the screen. Tool Free-Moving Cursor For Parametric Graphs: Works just as it does for function ...
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  ... on the cursor location. Automatic panning is not available. If you move the cursor off the left or right side of the screen, the TI-89 Titanium will not automatically pan the viewing window. However, you can use QuickCenter. • ‡ Math Only 1:Value, 6:...
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  ... sequences, use the same general steps used for y(x) functions as described in Basic Function Graphing. Any differences are described on the following pages. Graphing Sequences 1. Set Graph mode (3) to SEQUENCE. Also set Angle mode, if necessary. 2. Define sequences and, if...
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  5. Define the viewing window (8 $). „ Zoom also changes the viewing window. 6. Change the graph format if necessary. ,9 - or - 8Í 7. Graph the selected .... Use the „ Zoom toolbar menu to zoom in or out on a portion of the graph. Use the ‡ Math toolbar menu to evaluate a sequence. Only 1:Value ...
• Page 356
  ... graph y(x) functions as described in Basic Function Graphing. This section describes the differences that apply to sequences. Setting ... Mode Use 3 to set Graph = SEQUENCE before you define sequences or set Window ... let you enter information for the current Graph mode setting only. Defining Sequences ...
• Page 357
  ..., you can select different axes for the graph. TIME is the default. Axes TIME WEB ... maintains an independent function list for each Graph mode setting. For example, suppose: • • In FUNCTION ... defined in the Y= Editor. When you return to SEQUENCE graphing mode, your u(n) sequences are still defined...
• Page 358
  Selecting Sequences With TIME and WEB axes, the TI-89 Titanium graphs only the selected sequences. If you entered any sequences that require an initial value, you must enter the corresponding ui value. Note: With TIME and CUSTOM axes, all defined ...
• Page 359
  ...maintains an independent set of Window variables for each Graph mode setting (just as the Y= Editor maintains independent function lists). Sequence graphs use the following Window variables. Variable nmin,... but not plotted. Incremental n value for graphing only. This does not affect how the sequence ...
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  ... to ensure that sufficient points are plotted. To see how plotstrt affects graph, look at the following examples of a recursive sequence. This graph is plotted beginning with the 1st term. plotStrt=1 This graph is plotted beginning with the 9th term. plotStrt=9 Note: Both of these...
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  ...), you can set plotstrt = 1 and still graph only a selected part of the sequence. Simply define a...view. You could set xmin = first n value to graph xmax = nmax (although you can use ...displayed coordinates are shown in rectangular or polar form as set in the graph format. Tool Free-Moving Cursor For ...
• Page 362
  Tool For Sequence Graphs: Works just as it does for function graphs. • • Only x (xmin, xmax, xscl) and y (ymin, ymax, yscl) Window variables ...values that correspond to x and y depend on the axes you choose. ‡ Math Only 1:Value is available for sequence graphs. • • Sequence Graphing 362
• Page 363
  ...Plots For sequences only, you can select different types of axes for the graph. Examples of the different types are given later in this module. Displaying .... Active only when Axes = WEB, this specifies whether a web is drawn manually (TRACE) or automatically (AUTO). Build Web Sequence Graphing 363
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  ... u(nN2). Cannot reference n directly. Cannot reference any other defined sequence except itself. When You Display the Graph Screen After you select WEB axes and display the Graph screen, the TI-89 Titanium: Sequence Graphing 364
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  ... ( n - 1 ) and an initial value of ui1=1. 5-x. For example, consider the sequence u1(n) = The TI-89 Titanium draws the y=x reference line and then plots y = y = Drawing the Web After the sequence is plotted, the web may be displayed manually or ...
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  ...=1 nmax=25 plotstrt=1 plotstep=1 xmin=0 xmax=25 xscl=1 ymin=L10 ymax=10 yscl=1 4. Graph the sequence (8 %). By default, a sequence uses the Square display style. u(n) n 5. On the Y= Editor, set Axes = WEB and Build Web = AUTO. Sequence Graphing 366
• Page 367
  ...) and u(n), respectively). As you trace to larger values of nc, you can see xc and yc approach the convergence point. Note: When the nc value changes, the cursor is on the sequence. The next time you press B, nc stays the same but the cursor is now on the y=x reference line. Sequence Graphing 367
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  ... nmax=10 plotstrt=1 plotstep=1 xmin=0 xmax=10 xscl=1 ymin=L75 ymax=10 yscl=1 4. Graph the sequence (8 %). Because the sequence quickly diverges to large negative values, only a few points .... nmin=0 nmax=10 plotstrt=1 plotstep=1 xmin=L10 xmax=10 xscl=1 ymin=L10 ymax=10 yscl=1 Sequence Graphing 368
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  ... nmin=1 nmax=100 plotstrt=1 plotstep=1 xmin=0 xmax=100 xscl=10 ymin=0 ymax=5 yscl=1 4. Graph the sequence (8 %). Note: Compare this graph with the u(n) divergence ...the same sequence with a different initial value. 5. On the Y= Editor, set Axes = WEB and Build Web = AUTO. n Sequence Graphing 369
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  ... is shown more clearly. Using Custom Plots CUSTOM axes give you great flexibility in graphing sequences. As shown in the following example, CUSTOM axes are particularly effective for showing relationships between one sequence and another. Sequence Graphing 370
• Page 371
  Example: Predator-Prey Model Using the predator-prey model in biology, determine the numbers of rabbits and foxes that maintain population equilibrium in a certain region. R M K W G D Number of rabbits Growth rate of rabbits if there are no foxes (use .05) Rate at which foxes can kill rabbits ...
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  ...plotstrt=1 plotstep=1 xmin=0 xmax=400 xscl=100 ymin=0 ymax=300 yscl=100 4. Graph the sequence (8 %). Note: Use ...to individually u(n) u1(n) u2(n) trace the number of rabbits u1...both the number of u2(n) rabbits (xc) and foxes (yc) over the cycle of 400 generations. u1(n) Sequence Graphing 372
• Page 373
  Using a Sequence to Generate a Table Previous sections described how to graph a sequence. You can also use a sequence to generate a table. Refer to Tables for detailed ... (8 &) to: tblStart = 1 @tbl = 1 Independent = AUTO This item is dimmed if you are not using TIME axes. Sequence Graphing 373
• Page 374
  3. Set Window variables (8 $) so that nmin has the same value as tblStart. 4. Display the table (8 '). Fibonacci sequence is in column 2. 5. Scroll down the table (D or 2 D) to see more of the sequence. Sequence Graphing 374
• Page 375
  ..., use the same general steps used for y(x) functions as described in Basic Function Graphing. Any differences that apply to 3D equations are described on the following pages. Graphing 3D Equations 1. Set Graph mode (3) to 3D. Also set Angle mode, if necessary....
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  ...8Í Note: To help you see the orientation of 3D graphs, turn on Axes and Labels.... the selected equations (8 %). Note: Before displaying the graph, the screen shows the "percent evaluated." Exploring ... toolbar menu to zoom in or out on a portion of the graph. Some of the menu items are dimmed because ...
• Page 377
  ... Editor let you enter information for the current Graph mode setting only. Defining 3D ...Editor maintains an independent function list for each Graph mode setting. For example, suppose: • In FUNCTION ...define a set of y(x) functions. You change to 3D graphing mode and define a set of z(x,y) equations....
• Page 378
  ... are still defined in the Y= Editor. When you return to 3D graphing mode, your z(x,y) equations are still defined. Note... module) to define functions and equations for any graphing mode, regardless of the current mode. Selecting the Display Style Because you can graph only one 3D equation at a time, ...
• Page 379
  ...the grid lines (or grid wires) intersect. The incremental value along x and y is calculated as: - xmin x increment = xmax xgrid - ymin y increment = ymax ygrid The...z(xmax,ymin) ncontour z(xmax,ymax) The number of contours evenly distributed along the displayed range of z values. 3D Graphing 379
• Page 380
  ... are plotted. Note: Increasing the grid variables decreases the graphing speed. Setting the Graph Format The Axes and Style formats are ... displayed coordinates are shown in rectangular or cylindrical form as set in the graph format. In 3D graphing, cylindrical coordinates are shown when you use use:...
• Page 381
  ... = POLAR. Tool Free-Moving Cursor For 3D Graphs: The free-moving cursor is not available. Works essentially the same as it does for function graphs, but remember that you are now using three dimensions...the viewing cube boundaries set by xmin, xmax, ymin, and ymax. • 3D Graphing 381
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  ...Graphs: Only 1:Value is available for 3D graphs. This tool displays the z value for a specified x and y value....obvious why the cursor moves as it does. 3D graphs have two independent variables (x,y) instead... have a different orientation than other graphing modes. How to Move the Cursor On a 3D surface...
• Page 383
  ... unless you know the orientation of the axes. In 2D graphing, the x and y axes always have the same ... graphing, x and y have a different orientation relative to the Graph screen. Also, you can rotate and... and their labels from the Y= Editor, Window Editor, or Graph screen, use: 8Í Simple Example of...
• Page 384
  ... across the grid. Notice that the grid wires may not appear parallel to the axes. Example of the Cursor on a Hidden Surface On more complex shapes, the cursor may appear as if it is not on a grid point. This is an optical illusion caused when the cursor is on a hidden surface. 3D Graphing 384
• Page 385
  For example, consider a saddle shape z1(x,y) = (x2Ny2) / 3. The following graph shows the view looking down the y axis. Now look at the same shape at 10¡ ... to be on the 3D surface at all. This occurs when the z axis is too short to show z(x,y) for the corresponding x and y values. 3D Graphing 385
• Page 386
  ..., suppose you trace the paraboloid z(x,y) = x2 + .5y2 graphed with the indicated Window variables. You can easily ...). Rotating and/or Elevating the Viewing Angle In 3D graphing mode, the eyeq and eyef Window ... sight. The eyeψ Window variable lets you rotate the graph around that line of sight. 3D ...
• Page 387
  ... - angle in degrees from the Y positive z axis. eyeψ - angle in degrees by which the graph is rotated counter-clockwise around the line of sight set by eyeq and eyef. ... the Window Editor (8 $), always enter eyeq, eyef, and eyeψ in degrees, regardless of the current angle mode. 3D Graphing 387
• Page 388
  Effect of Changing eyeq theta The view on the Graph screen is always oriented along the viewing angle. From this point of view, you can change eyeq to rotate the ...= (x3y - y3x) / 390 In this example eyef = 70 eyeq = 20 eyeq = 50 eyeq = 80 Note: This example increments eyeq by 30. 3D Graphing 388
• Page 389
  ...decrements eyef by 20 to elevate the viewing angle. Effect of Changing eyeψ psi The view on the Graph screen is always oriented along the viewing angles set by eyeq and eyef. You can change eyeψ to rotate the graph around that line of sight. 3D Graphing 389
• Page 390
  ... distortion as shown in the example. In this example, eyeq=20 and eyef=70 eyeψ = 0 z1(x,y)=(x y-y x) / 390 3 3 eyeψ = 45 eyeψ = 90 When eyeψ=0, the z axis runs the height of the screen. z=10 z=ë10 When eyeψ=90, the z axis runs the width of the screen. z=10 z=ë10 3D Graphing 390
• Page 391
  ... G and use the Greek menu. Animating a 3D Graph Interactively After plotting any 3D graph, ...the cursor. The Viewing Orbit When using A and B to animate a graph, think of it as moving the viewing angle along its "viewing orbit" around the graph. Moving along this orbit can cause the z axis to wobble ...
• Page 392
  ... viewing orbit's elevation. C or D (primarily increases or decreases eyef) Animate the graph continuously. Press and hold the cursor for about 1 ... the eye Window variables). Change the viewing angle of a nonanimated graph to look along the x, y, or z axis. Press X, Y or Z, respectively. Return to ...
• Page 393
  ... over the Window variable values, particularly eyeψ, which rotates the graph. Changing the Axes and Style Formats With its default settings, the TI-89 Titanium displays hidden surfaces on a 3D graph but does not display the axes. However, you can ...
• Page 394
  - or 8Í • • The dialog box shows the current graph format settings. To exit without making a change, press N. To change any of these settings, use the same... at a corner. For example, if xmin = ymin = zmin = L10 and xmax = ymax = zmax = 10, the origin is at the center of the box. 3D Graphing 394
• Page 395
  ...of Style Settings Note: WIRE FRAME is faster to graph and may be more convenient when you're ... Optical Illusions The eye angles used to view a graph (eyeq, eyef, and eyeψ Window variables)... optical illusions that cause you to lose perspective on a graph. Typically, most optical illusions occur when ...
• Page 396
  ...ˆ= 0 Note: The first two examples show the graphs as displayed on the screen. The second two examples .... To minimize the effect of optical illusions, use the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box to set Style ... is drawn to connect adjacent points on the 3D graph that have the same z value. This module discusses ...
• Page 397
  ... any 3D equation, with the following exception. Display the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box by pressing ƒ 9 from the Y= Editor,... can change the viewing angle as necessary. The graph is shown in expanded view. To switch between ... LEVELS does not affect the viewing angle, view, or Labels 397 • 3D Graphing
• Page 398
  ...eyeq=20, eyef=70, eyeψ=0 CONTOUR LEVELS WIRE AND CONTOUR Note: These examples use the same x, y, and z Window variable values as a ZoomStd viewing cube. If you use ZoomStd, press Z to look down the z axis. Do not confuse the contours with the grid lines. The contours are darker. 3D Graphing 398
• Page 399
  ... 20. If ncontour=5 and you use the standard viewing window (zmin=L10 and zmax=10) , the increment is 3.333. Five contours are drawn for z=L6.666, L3.333, 0, 3.333, and 6.666. Note, however, that a contour is not drawn for a z value if the 3D graph is not defined at that z value. 3D Graphing 399
• Page 400
  ...Value of a Selected Point Interactively If a contour graph is currently displayed, you can specify ...Then press ¸. For example, suppose the current graph is z1(x,y)=x2+.5y2-5. If you ...drawn for z=3.5. Note: Any existing contours remain on the graph. To remove the default contours, display the Window ...
• Page 401
  Drawing Contours for Specified Z Values From the Graph screen, display the Draw menu and then ...=0. The specified contours are drawn on the current 3D graph. (A contour is not drawn if the specified z... is outside the viewing cube or if the 3D graph is not defined at that z value.) Notes about Contour ...
• Page 402
  ... have the correct Window variable values, display the Graph Formats dialog box and set Style... surface equation as z(x,y)=abs((x+yi)3+1). 1. Use 3 to set Graph=3D. 2. Press 8 #, and define the equation: z1(x,y)=abs((x+yùi)^3+1) 3. Press 8 $, and set the Window variables as shown. 3D Graphing 402
• Page 403
  ... = CONTOUR LEVELS, and return to the Window editor. 5. Press 8 % to graph the equation. It will take awhile to evaluate the graph; so... 7. Press N. Then use the cursor keys to animate the graph and view it from different eye angles. This example shows eyeq=70, eyef=70, and eyeψ=0. 3D Graphing 403
• Page 404
  ... xgrid and ygrid Window variables. However, this increases the graph evaluation time. When you animate the ... Implicit Plots An implicit plot is used primarily as a way to graph 2D implicit forms that cannot be... Explicit and Implicit Forms In 2D function graphing mode, equations have an explicit form ...
• Page 405
  ...using implicit plots in 3D graphing mode, you can graph these implicit forms...-30. Notes: You can also graph many implicit forms if you.... Break them into separate, explicit functions. Selecting the Graph Format Style In 3D... mode, define an appropriate equation and graph it as you would any 3D equation...
• Page 406
  Note: From the Graph screen, you can switch to the other graph format styles by and then set Style = IMPLICIT PLOT. pressing: Í However, to return to ... is set to OFF automatically. x2-y2=4 z1(x,y)=x2-y2-4 sin(x)+cos(y)= e(xùy) z1(x,y)=sin(x)+cos(y)-e(xùy) Style IMPLICIT PLOT 3D Graphing 406
• Page 407
  ... However, you can trace the unseen wire frame graph of the 3D equation. It may take awhile to evaluate ... Complicated Equation You can use the IMPLICIT PLOT graph format style to plot and animate a ... it may take a long time to evaluate such a graph, the visual results can justify the time required. 3D...
• Page 408
  Example Graph the equation sin(x 4+y-x3 y) = .1. 1. Use 3 to set Graph=3D. 2. Press 8 #, and define the equation: z1(x,y)=sin(x^4+y- x^3y)-.1 3. ...the axes, set Style = IMPLICIT PLOT, and return to the Window editor. 5. Press 8 % to graph the equation. It will take awhile to evaluate the graph; so be ...
• Page 409
  6. Use the cursor keys to animate the graph and view it from different eye angles. Note: For... Window variables. However, In expanded view, this this increases the graph evaluation time. example shows eyeq=L127.... eyeψ=L18.26. Note: When you animate the graph, the screen changes to normal view. Press p...
• Page 410
  ..., use the same general steps used for y(x) functions as described in Basic Function Graphing. Any differences are described on the following pages. Graphing Differential Equations 1. Set Graph mode (3) to DIFF EQUATIONS. Also set Angle mode, if necessary. 2. Define ...
• Page 411
  4. Set the display style for a function. @ 2ˆ 5. Set the graph format. Solution Method and Fields are unique to differential equations. ,9 -... Solution Method and Fields formats, different Window variables are displayed. „ Zoom also changes the viewing window. Differential Equation Graphing 411
• Page 412
  ... functions (8 %). Differences in Diff Equations and Function Graphing This module assumes that you already know how... describes the differences. Setting the Graph Mode Use 3 to set Graph = DIFF EQUATIONS before ... let you enter information for the current Graph mode setting only. Defining Differential ...
• Page 413
  ...a function call. Enter: y1' = .001y1ù(100Ny1) Not: y1' = .001y1(t)ù(100Ny1(t)) Only 1st-order equations can be entered in the Y= Editor. To graph 2nd- or higher-order equations, you must enter them as a system of 1st-order equations. Detailed information is available on setting initial conditions...
• Page 414
  ... values (in tstep increments) at which a differential equation is plotted. @ 2ˆ Setting Graph Formats From the Y= Editor, Window Editor, or Graph screen, ... - or - @ 8Í The formats affected by differential equations are: Graph format Graph Order Solution Method Description Not available. Specifies ...
• Page 415
  ... ¸ while a slope or direction field is being drawn, the graph pauses after the field is drawn but ... plotted. Press ¸ gain to continue. To cancel graphing, press ´. Setting Axes In the Y= Editor, Axes may or may not be available, depending on the current graph format. If it is available, you can ...
• Page 416
  ...and y axes. Window Variables Differential equation graphs use the following Window variables. Depending on the Solution Method and Fields graph formats, not all of these variables are listed ... to both edges of the screen in tstep increments. tmax, tstep Differential Equation Graphing 416...
• Page 417
  ... the plot at the interesting area, which speeds up the graphing time and avoids unnecessary clutter on the Graph screen. Note: If tmax < t0, tstep must be negative. If Fields=SLPFLD, ... if you do not specify an initial condition. By default, ncurves = 0. Differential Equation Graphing 417
• Page 418
  ... Method = EULER only) Euler iterations between tstep values; must be an integer >0. For more accuracy, you can increase Estep without plotting additional points. (Fields = DIRFLD only) Point in time at which a direction field is drawn. © fldres Estep dtime Differential Equation Graphing 418
• Page 419
  ... variable named fldpic. If you perform an operation that regraphs the plotted equations but does not affect the field, the TI-89 Titanium reuses the picture in fldpic instead of having to redraw the field. This can speed up the regraphing time significantly. ...
• Page 420
  Tool For Differential Equation Graphs: Works just as it does for function graphs. • • Only x (xmin, xmax, xscl) and y (ymin, ymax, yscl) Window variables are affected. The t Window variables (t0, tmax, tstep, tplot) are not affected unless you select 6:ZoomStd (which sets all Window variables ...
• Page 421
  Setting the Initial Conditions You can enter initial conditions in the Y= Editor, let the TI-89 Titanium calculate initial conditions automatically, or select them interactively from the Graph screen. Entering Initial Conditions in the Y= Editor You can ...
• Page 422
  ... variable (8 $) specifies the number of solution curves graphed automatically. By default, ncurves = 0. You can... a value from 0 through 10. However, the Fields graph format and the Axes setting determine... is used, t0 is set temporarily at the middle of the Graph screen. However, the value of t0 as set...
• Page 423
  Selecting an Initial Condition Interactively from the Graph Screen When a differential equation is graphed (regardless of whether a solution curve is displayed), you can select a point on the Graph screen and use it as an initial condition. If Fields = SLPFLD - or ...
• Page 424
  If Fields = FLDOFF Do this: • Press: @ 2
• Page 425
  ...and t. c) On the right side of the equation only, substitute to eliminate any references to derivative values. Note: To produce a 1st-order equation, y'' + y' + y = ex y'' = ex N y' N y y'' = et N y' N y the right side must contain non-derivative variables only. Differential Equation Graphing 425
• Page 426
  ... y3 y4 y5 y'' = et N y2 N y1 Do not substitute on the left side at this time. © © d) On the left side of the equation, substitute for the derivative value as shown below. In place of: y' y'' y''' y(4) Substitute: y1' y2' y3' y4' y2' = et N y2 N y1 © © Differential Equation Graphing 426
• Page 427
  ... system. Example of a 2nd-Order Equation The 2nd-order differential equation y''+y = 0 represents a simple harmonic oscillator. Transform this into a system of equations for the Y= Editor. Then, graph the solution for initial conditions y(0) = 0 and y'(0) = 1. Differential Equation Graphing 427
• Page 428
  Example 1. Press 3 and set Graph=DIFF EQUATIONS. 2. Define a system of equations for the 2ndorder equation. Rewrite the equation ...yi1 is the initial condition for y(0). conditions occur. It is also the first t evaluated for the graph. By default, t0=0. 5. Press: ,9 - or - @ 8 Í and set Axes = ON, ...
• Page 429
  ... ymin=L2 ymax=2 yscl=1 ncurves=0 diftol=.001 fldres=14 dtime=0 8. Display the Graph screen (8 %). x axis = y1 = y y axis = y2 = y' If you select ZoomSqr („ ... that the phase-plane orbit is actually a circle. However, ZoomSqr will change your Window variables. Differential Equation Graphing 429
• Page 430
  ... oscillator in more detail, use a split screen to graph the manner in which y and y' change with respect to... shown. Then close the MODE dialog box, which redraws the graph. Note: To display different graphs... parts of a split screen, you must use the 2-graph mode. 10. Press 2 a to switch to the right ...
• Page 431
  ... as shown to the right. Note: When you enter 2-graph mode, Window variables for the right side.... 16. To return to a full screen of the original graph, press 2 a to switch to the left side. Then... a system of equations to enter in the Y= Editor. Then graph the solution as a function of time. Use initial...
• Page 432
  Example 1. Press 3 and set Graph=DIFF EQUATIONS. 2. Define a system of equations for the 3rdorder equation. Rewrite the equation and make the necessary substitutions. y''' + 2y'' + 2y' + y = sin(x) y''' = sin(x) N 2y'' N 2y' Ny y''' = sin(t) N 2y'' N 2y' Ny y''' = sin(t) N 2y3 N 2y2 N y1 y3' = sin...
• Page 433
  ...-order equations, you must set Fields=FLDOFF. Otherwise, an Undefined variable error occurs when graphing. 7. In the Y= Editor, press: @ 2 ‰ Set Axes = TIME. Note: With Axes=TIME, the ... tplot=0 xmin=L1 xmax=10 xscl=1. ymin=L3 ymax=3 yscl=1 ncurves=0 diftol=.001 Differential Equation Graphing 433
• Page 434
  ...find the solution at a particular time, use ...to trace the graph. Setting Axes for Time or Custom Plots ... can give you great flexibility in graphing differential equations. Custom axes are particularly ...) on the y axis. CUSTOM - Lets you select the x and y axes. Differential Equation Graphing 434...
• Page 435
  ...when Fields=DIRFLD. If you select t, an Invalid axes error occurs when graphing. Example of Time and Custom Axes Using the predator-prey ... numbers of rabbits and foxes that maintain population equilibrium in a certain region. Graph the solution using both time and custom axes. Differential Equation ...
• Page 436
  ...population of foxes (2) yi2 = Initial population of rabbits (5) 1. Use 3 to set Graph = DIFF EQUATIONS. 2. In the Y= Editor (8 #), define the differential equations and enter the initial conditions. Note: To speed up graphing times, clear any other equations in the Y= Editor...
• Page 437
  ...=0 xmin=L1 xmax=10 xscl=5 ymin=L10 ymax=40 yscl=5 ncurves=0 diftol=.001 6. Graph the differential equations (8 %). 7. Press ...to trace. Then press 3 ¸ to see the number of foxes... Use C and D to move the trace cursor between the curves for y1 and y2. y1(t) y2(t) Differential Equation Graphing 437
• Page 438
  ... conditions for yi1 and yi2. 11. Return to the Graph screen, which displays only the direction field. 12. To graph a family of solutions, return to the Y= Editor and enter the initial conditions ... Use a list to specify more than one initial condition. Differential Equation Graphing 438
• Page 439
  ...dt = .001ùPù(100NP), with the initial condition P(0) = 10. Use the BldData instruction to compare the graphing points calculated by the RK and Euler solution methods. Then plot those points along with a graph of the equation's exact solution...
• Page 440
  ...- @ 8Í Set Solution Method = RK and Fields = FLDOFF. Note: To speed up graphing times, clear any other equations in the Y= Editor. With FLDOFF, all equations are evaluated even if they are not selected. 6. In the Window Editor (8 $), set the Window variables. Differential Equation Graphing 440
• Page 441
  ...: Change tstep from .1 (its default) to 1. Otherwise, BldData calculates too many rows for the data variable ... to create a data variable containing the RK graphing points. 8. Return to the Y= Editor, press: ,9 - or - @ 8Í .... Note: You do not need to graph the equation before using BldData. For more ...
• Page 442
  10. Use the Data/Matrix Editor (O) to create a new data variable named errorlog. Note: errorlog lets you combine the data in rklog and ... so that you can view the two sets of data side by side. 11. In this new data variable, define the c1, c2, and c3 column headers to refer to ...
• Page 443
  .... ymax=120. yscl=10. xres=2. 17. Display the Graph screen (8 %). Note: The fuzzy line on the graph indicates differences between the RK and Euler values. 18. In the Window Editor, set...=.1 ymin=85.5 ymax=86 yscl=.1 xres=2 19. Return to the Graph screen. Differential Equation Graphing ...
• Page 444
  ...8952. The Euler solution (Plot 2) is 85.6527. You can also use the Data/Matrix Editor to open the errorlog data variable and scroll to time = 40. Example of ... The deSolve( ) function lets you solve many 1st- and 2nd-order ordinary differential equations exactly. Differential Equation Graphing 444
• Page 445
  ... and parentheses. If you do, it will be treated as a function call. Notes: • • For maximum accuracy, use 1/1000 instead of .001. A floating-point number can introduce round-off errors. This example does not involve graphing, so you can use any Graph mode. Differential Equation Graphing 445
• Page 446
  ... 3. For an initial condition y=10 with t=0, use solve( ) to find the @1 constant. Note: If you got a different constant (@2, etc.), solve for that constant. For @, type @ 89 H 2R Differential Equation Graphing 446
• Page 447
  ... you have difficulties graphing a differential equation, this section can help you correct the problem. Many problems may be related to your Fields graph format setting. ... Graph screen, press: ,9 - or - @ 8Í What Order Equation Are You Graphing? If the equation is: 1st-order Valid Fields ...
• Page 448
  ...see this or any other error message: • • For your order of equation, use the previous table to find the valid Fields settings. Change to the applicable setting. For a particular Fields setting, check the following for information that applies to that setting. Differential Equation Graphing 448
• Page 449
  Fields=SLPFLD In the Y= Editor Use
• Page 450
  ... = TIME, an Invalid axes error occurs when you graph. If you enter initial conditions in the... conditions. Otherwise, a Dimension error occurs when you graph. With custom axes Set axes that are valid for .... Otherwise, an Invalid axes error occurs when you graph. The two axes must refer to different ...
• Page 451
  ... plotted, enter initial conditions in the Y= Editor or select one interactively from the Graph screen. If you did enter initial conditions, select..., the equations referenced by the custom axes determine which equations are graphed, regardless of which equations are selected in the Y= Editor. If your ...
• Page 452
  ..., a Diff Eq setup error occurs when you graph. In the Graph screen If no curve is ...use the Table screen to view the points for a differential equation graph. However, the table may show different equations than those graphed. The table shows only the selected equations, regardless of whether those ...
• Page 453
  Differential Equation Graphing 453
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  ...about setting table parameters and displaying the table, refer to the following pages. Generating a Table 1. Set Graph mode and, if necessary, Angle mode (3). Note: Tables are not available in 3D Graph mode. 2. Define functions on Y= Editor (8 #). 3. Select (
• Page 455
  ...variable, you can zoom in or out on the table to see different levels of detail. Change the cell width. Edit selected functions. Build or edit a manual table to show only specified values of the independent variable. • • • Setting Up the Table Parameters To set up the initial parameters for ...
• Page 456
  ... Description tblStart If Independent = AUTO and Graph < - > Table = OFF, this specifies the starting value for...independent variable. If Independent = AUTO and Graph < - > Table = OFF, this specifies the incremental value ... or negative, but not zero. @tbl Graph < - > Table If Independent = AUTO: OFF ...
• Page 457
  Setup Parameter Description Independent AUTO - The TI-89 Titanium automatically generates a series of values for the independent variable based on tblStart, @tbl, and Graph < - > Table. ASK - Lets you build a table manually by entering specific values for the independent ...
• Page 458
  ...and press ¸. - or - Press the number for that setting. Graph < - > Table or Independent • Note: To cancel a menu ...and close the dialog box. From the Home Screen or a Program You can set up a table's... @tbl. Refer to "Storing and Recalling Variable Values" in Operating the Calculator. Tables 458...
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  ... Set Graph < - > Table and Independent by using the setTable function. Refer to the Technical Reference ... when you display the Table screen. If Graph < - > Table = ON, the table matches the trace values ... screen. If Graph < - > Table = OFF, the table is based on the values you entered for tblStart ...
• Page 460
  First column shows values of the independent variable. Header row shows names of independent variable (x) and selected functions (y1). Other columns show corresponding values of the functions selected in the Y= Editor. Entry line shows full value of highlighted cell. Note: You can scroll back ...
• Page 461
  Changing the Cell Width Cell width determines the maximum number of digits and symbols (decimal point, minus sign, and "í" for scientific notation) that can be displayed in a cell. All cells in the table have the same width. Note: By default, the cell width is 6. To change the cell width from the ...
• Page 462
  ... is too large for the current cell width, the number is rounded and shown in scientific notation. If the cell width is too narrow even for scientific notation, "..." is shown. Notes: • • If a function is undefined at a particular value, undef is displayed in the cell...
• Page 463
  If Results are Complex Numbers A cell shows as much as possible of a complex number (according to the current display modes) and then shows "..." at the end of the displayed portion. When you highlight a cell containing a complex number, the entry line shows the real and imaginary parts with a ...
• Page 464
  ...box. Then make your changes. Building a Manual (Ask) Table If Independent = ASK on the TABLE SETUP dialog box, the TI-89 Titanium lets you build a table manually by entering specific values for the independent variable. Displaying the Table Screen To display ...
• Page 465
  ... can edit that value. 2. Press ...to move the cursor to the entry line. 3. Type a new value or expression, or edit the existing value. 4. Press ¸ to move ... value to the table and update the corresponding function values. Note: To enter a new value in a cell, you do not need to press ...Simply begin...
• Page 466
  Enter values in any numerical order. Enter a new value here. Shows full value of highlighted cell. Note: In this example, you can move the cursor to column 2, but you can enter values in column 1 only. Entering a List in the Independent Variable Column 1. Move the cursor to highlight any cell in ...
• Page 467
  Adding, Deleting, or Clearing To: Insert a new row above a specified row Do this: Highlight a cell in the specified row and press: @ 2ˆ The new row is undefined (undef) until you ... affect how numbers are displayed in a table. From the Home Screen or a Program System variable tbl[nput contains a ...
• Page 468
  Tables 468
• Page 469
  Additional Graphing Topics Collecting Data Points from a Graph From the Graph screen, you can store sets of coordinate ...a system data variable that can be opened in the Data/Matrix Editor. Collecting the Points 1. Display the graph. (This example shows y1(x)=5ùcos(x).) 2. Display the coordinates or ...
• Page 470
  ... are stored in a data variable named sysData, which you can open in the Data/Matrix Editor. Note: Use a split screen to show a graph and the Home screen or Data/Matrix Editor at the same time. Notes about SysData Variable • When you press: 8b ...
• Page 471
  ... contents of sysData, this command will not operate. Graphing a Function Defined on the Home Screen In many ... on the Home screen and then decide to graph it. You can copy an expression to the Y= Editor,..., all functions must be defined in terms of the current graph mode's "native" independent variable...
• Page 472
  Copying from the Home Screen to the Y= Editor If you have an expression on the Home screen, you can use any of the following methods to copy it to the Y= Editor. Method Copy and paste Description 1. Highlight the expression on the Home screen. Press ƒ and select 5:Copy. 2. Display the Y= Editor, ...
• Page 473
  ... an expression from the Home screen without using the Y= Editor. Unlike the Y= Editor, Graph lets you specify an expression in terms of any independent variable, regardless of the current graphing mode. If the expression is in terms of: The native independent variable Use the ...
• Page 474
  If the expression is in terms of: A non-native independent variable Use the Graph command as shown in this example: Graph 1.25aùcos(a),a Specify the independent variable; otherwise, you may get an error. Note: Graph uses the current Window variable settings and is available from the Home...
• Page 475
  • Execute the ClrGraph command (available from the Home screen's
• Page 476
  ...use the syntax: when(condition, trueExpression, falseExpression) For example, suppose you want to graph a function with two pieces. When: x
• Page 477
  ...(x),2x+6),6Nx^2) This nested function is in effect when x
• Page 478
  ...and differences between functions and programs, refer to Programming. A multi-statement, user-defined ... (If, ElseIf, Return, etc.) used in programming. When creating the structure of a function, it may be helpful ..., you must enter the entire function on a single line. Additional Graphing Topics 478...
• Page 479
  .... Be sure to include colons. From the Home Screen or a Program From the Home screen, you can also ...f1(xx). In the Y= Editor, set y1(x) = f1(x). Graphing a Family of Curves By entering a list in an expression... function for each value in the list. (You cannot graph a family of curves in SEQUENCE or 3D...
• Page 480
  ... Using the Y= Editor Enter the expression {2,4,6} sin(x) and graph the functions. Note: Enclose list elements ... (2 [ and 2 \) and separate them with commas. Graphs three functions: 2 sin(x), 4 sin(x), 6 sin... can use the Graph command from the Home screen or a program. Additional Graphing Topics 480
• Page 481
  ...= SIMUL, the functions are graphed in groups according to the element number in the list. For these example functions, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 Graphing Calculator graphs three groups. • • • 2 sin(x), x+4, cos(x) 4 sin(x), 2x+4 6 sin(x), 3x+4...
• Page 482
  ... are duplicated, giving you two independent graphing calculators. The two-graph mode is only available in ... the Mode Several mode settings affect the two-graph mode, but only two settings are ...Split Screen = TOP-BOTTOM or LEFT-RIGHT Number of Graphs = 2 3. Optionally, you can set the following modes....
• Page 483
  ...side Split 2 App = application for bottom or right side Graph 2 = Graph mode for bottom or right side 4. ...-graph screen is similar to a regular split screen. Graph 1: left or top side Thick border indicates... GR#1 or GR#2 Independent Graph-Related Features Both Graph 1 and Graph 2 have independent: ...
• Page 484
  ... be displayed on both sides of the screen at the same time. Non-graph-related applications (Home screen, Data/Matrix Editor, etc.) are shared and...functions from that single list. • When both sides use different graphing modes, each side shows a different function list. Additional...
• Page 485
  • When both sides use the same graphing mode, each side shows the same function list. You can use
• Page 486
  ... Home screen. - Note: You can display non-graph-related applications (such as the Home screen) on...a time. Remember that the Two Sides Are Independent In two-graph mode, the two sides may appear to ..., graph-related operations refer to the active graph side. For example: 10!xmax affects either Graph ...
• Page 487
  ..., or Polar Equation Execute DrawFunc, DrawParm, or DrawPol from the Home screen or a program. You cannot draw a function or equation interactively from the Graph screen. DrawFunc expression DrawParm expression1, expression2 [,tmin] [,tmax] [,tstep] DrawPol ...
• Page 488
  2. On the Graph screen, press: 2 ˆ and select 2:DrawFunc. To display the Home screen and put DrawFunc in the entry line, press:2 ˆ 2 3. On the Home screen, specify the function to draw. 4. Press ¸ to draw the function on the Graph screen. You cannot trace, zoom, or perform a math operation on a ...
• Page 489
  ... y1(x) Drawing a Line, Circle, or Text Label on a Graph You can draw one or more objects ..., draw a horizontal line to show that two parts of a graph have the same y value. (Some objects are ...the graph itself. It is drawn "on top of" the graph and remains on the screen until you clear it. Additional ...
• Page 490
  From the Graph screen: • 2ˆ and select 1:ClrDraw. - or - • Press
• Page 491
  Drawing a Point or a Freehand Line From the Graph screen: 1. 2 ‰ and select 1:Pencil. 2. Move the cursor to the applicable location. To draw a: Point (pixel-sized.... If you start on a black pixel, the pencil draws a white point or line (which can act as an eraser). Additional Graphing Topics 491
• Page 492
  Erasing Individual Parts of a Drawing Object From the Graph screen: 1. 2 ‰ and select 2:Eraser. The cursor ...Note: These techniques also erase parts of graphed functions. After erasing, you are still... N. Drawing a Line Between Two Points From the Graph screen: 1. 2 ‰ and select 3:Line. Additional...
• Page 493
  ...continue drawing another line, move the cursor to a new 1st point. To quit, press N. Drawing a Circle From the Graph screen: 1. 2 ‰ and select 4:Circle. 2. Move the cursor to ... and press ¸. Note: Use 2 to move the cursor in larger increments; 2 B, etc. Additional Graphing Topics 493
• Page 494
  Drawing a Horizontal or Vertical Line From the Graph screen: 1. 2 ‰ and select 5:Horizontal or 6:Vertical. A horizontal or vertical line and a ... Line To draw a tangent line, use the ‡ Math toolbar menu. From the Graph screen: 1. Press ‡ and select A:Tangent. Additional Graphing Topics 494
• Page 495
  ... from the Home screen or a program. Use the syntax: DrawSlp x, y, slope You can also access DrawSlp from the Graph screen. 1. 2...Home screen and puts DrawSlp in the entry line. 2. Complete the command, and press ¸. The calculator automatically switches to the Graph screen and draws the line. DrawSlp...
• Page 496
  Typing Text Labels From the Graph screen: 1. 2 ‰ and select 7:Text. 2. Move the text cursor to the location where you want to begin typing. ...locations on the screen. For a list of the available drawing commands, refer to "Drawing on the Graph Screen" in Programming. Additional Graphing Topics 496
• Page 497
  ... Graph You can save an image of the current Graph screen in a PICTURE (or PIC) variable. Then, ... display the image. This saves the image only, not the graph settings used to produce it. Saving a Picture ... indicators, prompts, or cursor coordinates. Display the Graph screen as you want to save it; and ...
• Page 498
  ... define a rectangular box that encloses only the portion of the Graph screen that you want to save. 1. @ 2‰...: You cannot save a portion of a 3D graph. 2. Set the 1st corner of the box by moving ... ¸ twice. Note: When saving a portion of a graph, Type is automatically fixed as Picture. Additional ...
• Page 499
  ...object. You cannot trace any curve on a picture. For Pictures Saved from a Portion of the Graph Screen When you press ƒ and select 1:Open, the picture is superimposed starting at the upperleft corner of the Graph screen. If the picture was saved from a portion of the Graph screen, ...
• Page 500
  Deleting a Graph Picture Unwanted Picture variables take up calculator memory. To delete a variable, use the VAR-LINK screen (2 °) as ... in Memory and Variable Management. From a Program or the Home Screen To save (store) and open (recall) a graph picture, use the StoPic, ...
• Page 501
  ...such as "pic" # of pictures to cycle seconds between # of times to repeat cycle Example This example program (named cyc) generates 10 views of a 3D graph, with each view rotated 10¿¡ further around the Z axis. For information about each command,...
• Page 502
  ...refer to Programming. Program Listing Every Other Graph from Program :cyc() :Prgm :local I :¦Set mode and Window variables :setMode("graph","3d") :70!eyef :M10!xmin :10!xmax :...& string(i)) :EndFor :¦Display animation :CyclePic "pic",10,.5,5,M1 :EndPrgm Additional Graphing Topics 502
• Page 503
  ...graph database as a GDB variable, you can recreate that graph at a later time by opening its stored database ...A graph database consists of Mode settings (3) for Graph, Angle, Complex Format, and Split Screen (only if you are using the two-graph mode). All functions in the Y= Editor (8 #), including ...
• Page 504
  ... graphs are saved in a single database. Saving the Current Graph Database From the Y= Editor, Window Editor, Table screen,... ¸ twice. Note: If you start from the Graph screen, be sure to use Type=GDB. ...is replaced. You may want to store the current graph database before opening a stored database. ...
• Page 505
  ... sure to use Type=GDB. Deleting a Graph Database Unused GDB variables take up calculator memory. To delete them, use the VAR-LINK screen (2 ... Memory and Variable Management. From a Program or the Home Screen You can save (store) and open (recall) a graph database by using ...
• Page 506
  ... dialog box, either: • • Use D to scroll down. - or - Press „ to display Page 2. 3. Set the Split Screen mode to either of the following settings. For the procedure used to change a mode setting, refer to Operating the Calculator. Split Screen Settings TOP-BOTTOM LEFT-RIGHT Split Screens 506
• Page 507
  ... 1 App and Split 2 App to the same application, the calculator exits the split screen mode and ... different applications after the split screen is displayed. Note: In two-graph mode, described in Additional Graphing Topics, the same application can be in both parts of a split screen. Split Screens ...
• Page 508
  ...Due to the border that indicates the active application, split screens have a smaller displayable area than a full screen. TI-89 Titanium: Split 1 App Split FULL Ratio x y Split 2 App x y N/A 0 - 158 0 - 76 N/A N/A 508 Split Screens
• Page 509
  Split 1 App Split TOP-BOTTOM LEFT-RIGHT Voyage™ 200: Split 1 App Split FULL TOP-BOTTOM Ratio x y Ratio x y Split 2 App x y 1:1 1:1 0 - 154 0 - 76 0 - 34 0 - 72 0 - 154 0 - 76 0 - 34 0 - 72 Split 2 App x y N/A 1:1 1:2 2:1 0 - 238 0 - 234 0 - 234 0 - 234 0 - 116 0- 76 0 - 156 0 - 102 0 - ...
• Page 510
  ... Calculator Turning the calculator off does not exit the split screen mode. If the calculator is turned off: When you press 2 : When you turn the calculator on again: The split screen is still in effect, but the Home screen is always displayed in place of the application ...
• Page 511
  Split-screen indicator Names of open Apps Split screen indicator • • Description Top-bottom split screen 1 indicates the application that will appear in the top portion of the screen. 2 indicates the application that will appear in the bottom portion of the screen. The highlighted numeral ...
• Page 512
  Selecting the Active Application With a split screen, only one of the two applications can be active at a time. You can easily switch between existing applications, or you can open a different application. The Active Application The active application is indicated by a thick border. The toolbar ...
• Page 513
  ... you want to replace. 2. Use O or 8 (such as 8 $) to select the new application. If you select an application that is already displayed, the calculator switches to that application. Method 2: 3. Press 3 and then „. 4. Change Split 1 App and/or Split ...
• Page 514
  ...Bottom Split When you select a TOP-BOTTOM split, remember that the entry line and the toolbar are always associated with the active application. For example: Entry line is for the active Y= Editor, not the Graph screen. Toolbar is for the active Graph screen, not the Y= Editor. Split Screens 514
• Page 515
  Note: Both Top-Bottom and Left-Right splits use the same methods to select an application. Split Screens 515
• Page 516
  ..., you must understand list, data, and matrix variables. List Variable A list is a series of ... related. Each item is called an element. In the Data/Matrix Editor, a list variable Is shown as a single ... in a list variable, it is converted automatically into a data variable. Ê Data/Matrix Editor 516
• Page 517
  ...or index number) Note: After creating a list in the Data/Matrix Editor, you can use the list in any... of lists that may or may not be related. In the Data/Matrix Editor, a data variable: • • Can have up to... columns; blank or empty cells are not allowed within a column. • Data/Matrix Editor 517
• Page 518
  Note: For stat calculations, columns must have the same length. From the Home screen or a program, you can use the NewData command to create a data ... element 1 in column 1 of the variable data1. NewData data1,list1,list2 Ê Ë Ê Ë data1[1] (data1[1])[1] Ì Í Ê Ë Data/Matrix Editor 518
• Page 519
  ... array of elements. When you create a matrix in the Data/Matrix Editor, you must specify ... value in place of 0. Shows the size of the matrix. From the Home screen or a program, you can use ...Note: Use brackets to refer to a specific element in a matrix. For example, enter mat1[2,1] to access the 1st ...
• Page 520
  ... used the Data/Matrix Editor), or open an existing variable. Creating a New Data, Matrix, or List Variable 1. Press O and then select the Data/Matrix ... B to display a menu of existing folders. For information about folders, refer to the Calculator Home Screen module. Folder Data/Matrix Editor 520
• Page 521
  ...displayed when you press ¸. When you press N or ¸ to acknowledge the error, the NEW dialog box is redisplayed. If Type = Matrix, type the number of rows and columns ... Note: If you do not type a variable name, your calculator displays the Home screen. 4. Press ¸ (after typing in ...
• Page 522
  Creating a New Variable from the Data/Matrix Editor From the Data/Matrix Editor: 1. Press ƒ and select 3:New. 2. Specify the type, folder, and variable name. For a matrix, also specify the number of rows and columns. Opening Another ...
• Page 523
  ... to Memory and Variable Management. Entering and Viewing Cell Values If you create a new variable, the Data/Matrix Editor is initially blank (for a list or data variable) or filled with zeros (for a matrix). If you open an existing variable, the values in that ...
• Page 524
  ... ¸ or ...to move the cursor to the entry line. 3. Type a new value or edit the existing one. 4. Press ¸ ... affects the direction that the cursor moves. Note: To enter a new value, you can start typing ... next row. Variable Type List or data Matrix Right to the cell in the next column. From the last ...
• Page 525
  ...are always visible. How Rows and Columns Are Filled Automatically When you enter a value in a cell, the cursor moves to the next cell. However, you can move the cursor to any cell and enter a value. If you leave gaps between cells, your device handles the gaps automatically. Data/Matrix Editor 525
• Page 526
  ... leave a gap between columns, that column is blank. & • In a matrix variable, when you enter a value in a cell ..., additional rows and/or columns are added automatically to the matrix to include the new cell. Other cells in the new rows and/or columns are filled with zeros. & Note: Although you ...
• Page 527
  ... cell width affects how many characters are displayed in any cell. To change the cell width in the Data/Matrix Editor: 1. To display the FORMATS dialog box, press: ƒ9 - or - 8Í Cell ...-digit numbers, you can type the number and press ¸.) 4. Press ¸ to close the dialog box. Data/Matrix Editor 527
• Page 528
  ...select 5:Clear Column. (This item is not available for a matrix.) Press ƒ and select 8:Clear Editor....list or data variable, a clear column is empty. For a matrix, a clear column contains zeros. Defining ... one column in terms of another. Entering a Header Definition In the Data/Matrix Editor: Data/...
• Page 529
  1. Move the cursor to any cell in the column and press
• Page 530
  ... to an empty column, you will get an error message unless Auto-calculate = OFF. 3. Press ¸, D, or C to save the definition and update the columns. ... a data variable, header definitions are saved when you leave the Data/ Matrix Editor. For a list variable, the definitions are not saved (only their ...
• Page 531
  Clearing a Header Definition 1. Move the cursor to any cell in the column and press
• Page 532
  ... and data variables, the Data/Matrix Editor has an Auto-calculate feature. By default, Auto-...reflected in column 2. To turn Auto-calculate off and on from the Data/Matrix Editor: 1. Press: ƒ9 - or - 2. 8 Í Change Auto-Calculate to OFF or ON. 3. Press ¸ to close the dialog box. Data/Matrix Editor ...
• Page 533
  If Auto-calculate = OFF and you make changes as described above, the header definitions are not recalculated until you set Auto-calculate = ON. Note: You may want to set Auto-calculate = OFF to make changes without recalculating each time, enter a definition such as c1=c2+c3...
• Page 534
  Ê Ë Ì Î Í Ê c2=shift(c1,2) Ë c3=shift(c1,M2) Ì Shifted columns have the same length as the base Í Last two elements of c1 shift down and out the Î First two elements of c1 shift up and out the top; undefined elements shift into the bottom. bottom; undefined elements shift into the top....
• Page 535
  Sorting Columns After entering information in a data, list, or matrix variable, you can easily sort a specified ... on a "key" column. Sorting a Single Column In the Data/Matrix Editor: 1. Move the cursor to any cell in the ... 98 82 C1 & 75 82 & 98 chris & fred jane sally Data/Matrix Editor 535
• Page 536
  ... only a single column would destroy the relationship between the columns. In the Data/Matrix Editor: 1. Move the cursor to any cell in the "key" column. ... a function in the column header). When the cursor is in a locked column, Πis shown at the beginning of the entry line. Data/Matrix Editor 536
• Page 537
  ... Variable You can save a copy of a list, data, or matrix variable. You can also copy a list ... Types You can copy a: List Data Data column Matrix To a: List or data Data List Matrix ... more than one column of information. Procedure From the Data/Matrix Editor: 1. Display the variable that you want to ...
• Page 538
  ... can have only one column. Therefore, when copying from a data variable to a list, you must select the column that you want to copy. Ê List variable to copy to. Ê Ë Ë Data column that will be copied to the list. By default, this shows the column that contains the cursor. Data/Matrix Editor 538
• Page 539
  Data/Matrix Editor 539
• Page 540
  ... Analysis This section gives an overview of the steps used to perform a statistical calculation or graph a statistical plot. For detailed descriptions, refer to the ...Editor module for details on entering data in the Data/Matrix Editor. 3. Perform stat calculations to find stat variables or fit data ...
• Page 541
  6. Change the graph format if necessary. 7. , 9 - or - @ 8Í Graph the selected equations (8 %). Performing a Statistical Calculation From the Data/Matrix Editor, use the ‡ Calc toolbar menu to perform statistical calculations. You can analyze one-variable or two-...
• Page 542
  From the Data/Matrix Editor: 1. Press ‡ to display the Calculate dialog box. This example shows all items as active. On your calculator, items are active only if they are valid for the current settings of Calculation Type and Freq and Categories. Note: If an item is not ...
• Page 543
  ... items. Item Calculation Type x Description Select the type of calculation. Type the column number in the Data/Matrix Editor (C1, C2, etc.) ... example, if you specify {1,4}, the calculation uses only data points with a category value of 1 or 4. Category Include Categories Statistics and Data Plots ...
• Page 544
  ... Any undefined data points (shown as undef) are ignored in a stat calculation. 4. To close the STAT VARS screen, press ¸. ... STAT VARS Screen The Data/Matrix Editor's Stat toolbar menu redisplays the previous calculation results (until they are cleared from memory). @ 2‰ Statistics and Data Plots...
• Page 545
  ... if you leave and then reopen the Data/Matrix Editor with a data variable. Change the current folder (if the calculation referred to a list variable in the previous folder). • Statistical Calculation Types As described in the previous section, the Calculate dialog box ...
• Page 546
  ... OneVar TwoVar CubicReg Description One-variable statistics - Calculates the statistical variables. Two-variable statistics - Calculates the statistical variables. Cubic regression - Fits the data to the third-order polynomial ... fit and transformed values x and ln(y). Statistics and Data Plots 546
• Page 547
  ... y=a/(1+bùe^(cùx))+d and updates all the system statistics variables. Median-Median - Fits the data to ... medy1, medx2, medy2, medx3, and medy3 are calculated and stored to variables, but they are... polynomial fit. For four or more points, it is a polynomial regression. Statistics and Data Plots 547
• Page 548
  ...each command. Important: These commands perform a statistical calculation but do not automatically ... the ShowStat command to show the calculation results. Statistical Variables Statistical calculation results are stored ...-LINK screen as described in Memory and Variable Statistics and Data Plots 548...
• Page 549
  Management. All statistical variables are cleared when you edit the data or change the calculation type. Other conditions that clear the variables are listed. Calculated Variables Statistical variables are stored as system variables. However, regCoef and regeq are ...
• Page 550
  One Var maximum of x values minimum of y values maximum of y values 1st quartile median 3rd quartile regression equation regression coefficients (a, b, c, d, e) correlation coefficient
• Page 551
  ... of points between medStat and maxX. Defining a Statistical Plot From the Data/Matrix Editor, you can use the entered data to define several types of statistical plots. You can...plot. This example shows all items as active. On your calculator, items are active only if they are valid for...
• Page 552
  ... Square (0), or Dot (¦). Type the column number in the Data/Matrix Editor (C1, C2, etc.) used for x... specify a Category, you can use this to limit the calculation to specified category values. For example, if ... value of 1 or 4. Freq Category Include Categories Note: Statistics and Data Plots 552
• Page 553
  ... defined with column numbers always use the last data variable in the Data/Matrix Editor, even if that variable was not used to create the ...screen is redisplayed. The plot you just defined is automatically selected for graphing. Notice the shorthand definition for the plot. Plot Type = Scatter Mark =...
• Page 554
  • • Execute a Graph command. Open a different variable in the Data/Matrix Editor. Copying a Plot Definition From Plot Setup:... clear it first; you can make changes to the existing definition. To prevent a plot from graphing, you can deselect it. Statistical Plot Types When you define a plot as ...
• Page 555
  ...in which data points are plotted and connected in the order in which they appear in x and y. You may want to sort all the columns in the Data/Matrix Editor before plotting. @ 2 ˆ 3 or 2 ˆ 4 Statistics and Data Plots 555
• Page 556
  ... as their plot numbers. Use NewPlot to show statistical data as a modified box plot. Select Mod Box ...as the Plot Type when you define a plot in the Data/Matrix Editor. A modified box plot excludes points outside... the box plot's whiskers, using the mark that you select. Statistics and Data Plots 556
• Page 557
  ... of bars Hist. Bucket Width • xmin + Hist. Bucket Width xmin • ZoomData („ 9 from the Graph screen, Y= Editor, or Window Editor) adjusts xmin and xmax to include all data ... 8 $ to set ymin = 0 and ymax = the number of data points expected in the tallest bar. Statistics and Data Plots 557
• Page 558
  ... Using the Y= Editor with Stat Plots The previous sections described how to define and select stat plots from the Data/Matrix Editor. You can also define and select stat plots from the Y= Editor. Statistics and Data Plots 558
• Page 559
  ..., this shows the data variable that will be used for the plots. If a Plot is defined, it shows the same shorthand notation as the Plot Setup screen. From the Y= Editor, you can perform most of the same operations on a stat plot as you can on any other y(x) function. Statistics and Data Plots 559
• Page 560
  Note: Plots defined with column numbers always use the last data variable in the Data/Matrix Editor, even if that variable was not used to create the definition. To: ... plot and press ...You will see the same definition screen that is displayed in the Data/Matrix Editor. Highlight the plot and press
• Page 561
  Defining the Viewing Window Stat plots are displayed on the current graph, and they use the Window variables that are defined in the Window ..., trace the histogram to find the value for ymax. Note: „ Zoom is available on the Y= Editor, Window Editor, and Graph screen. Statistics and Data Plots 561
• Page 562
  ... Format Press: ,9 - or - @ 8Í from the Y= Editor, Window Editor, or Graph screen. Then change the settings as necessary....leftmost bar. Note: When a stat plot is displayed, the Graph screen does not automatically pan ... press ¸ to center the screen on the trace cursor. Statistics and Data Plots 562
• Page 563
  ...the data points on each row. A frequency value must be an integer , 0 if Calculation Type = OneVar or MedMed or if Plot Type = Box Plot. For other statistical calculations or plots, the frequency value can be any number , 0. For example, suppose you enter a student's test ...
• Page 564
  ... Data/Matrix Editor, you can enter the test scores and frequency values ...Test scores c1 85 97 92 89 91 95 Frequency values c2 ...right. c1 85 97 92 Ê 92 Ê 89 91 95 Ë 95 Ë 95 Ë Ê Frequency ..., specify the frequency column when you perform a statistical calculation or define a stat plot. For example:...
• Page 565
  ... Used to indicate: 10th grade girl 10th grade boy 11th grade girl 11th grade boy Note: You do not need a category value for the whole class. Also, you do not need category values for all 10th graders or all 11th graders since they are combinations of other categories. Statistics and Data Plots 565
• Page 566
  In the Data/Matrix Editor, you can enter the scores and the category values in two columns. Test scores c1 ...1 To use category values, specify the category column and the category values to include in the analysis when you perform a statistical calculation or define a stat plot. Statistics and Data ...
• Page 567
  ... girls 11th grade boys 11th grade girls and boys all girls (10th and 11th) all boys (10th and 11th) Include Categories: {1} {2} {1,2} {3} {4} {3,4} {1,3} {2,4} Note: To analyze the whole class, leave the Category input box blank. Any category values are ignored. Statistics and Data Plots 567
• Page 568
  ... makes it easier to perform statistical calculations. When you transfer the collected information to the TI-89 Titanium, you can specify the list variable ... CBL 2 information on the TI-89 Titanium, there are two ways to use the CBL 2 list variables. Statistics and Data Plots ...
• Page 569
  Note: For specifics about using the CBL 2 and retrieving data to the TI-89 Titanium, refer to the guidebook that comes with the CBL 2 unit. Referring to the CBL 2™ Lists When you perform a statistical calculation or define a plot, you can refer explicitly to the CBL ...
• Page 570
  ...list2 ] [,list3 ] ...CBL 2 list variable names. In the new data variable, list1 will be copied to column 1, list 2 to column 2, etc. Name of the new data variable that you want to create. For example... 1 and temp is in column 2. • From the Data/Matrix Editor, create a new, empty data variable...
• Page 571
  CBR™ You can also use the Calculator-Based Ranger™ (CBR) to explore the mathematical and scientific relationships between distance, velocity, acceleration, and time using data collected from activities you perform. Statistics and Data Plots 571
• Page 572
  ... on the Program I/O screen, in a dialog box, or on the Graph screen. Running a Program On the Home screen: 1. Type the name of the program. 2. You must always type a set of parentheses after the ... a variable and press ¸ to paste its name to the entry line. 3. Press ¸. Programming 572
• Page 573
  .... When you run a program, the TI-89 Titanium automatically checks for errors. For example, the following message is displayed if you: • Do not enter ( ... can then correct any problems and run the program again. Note: The TI-89 Titanium also checks for run-time errors that are ...
• Page 574
  ... in the program, the TI-89 Titanium automatically displays information on the applicable screen. • • Most output and input commands use ....) Graph-related commands typically use the Graph screen. After the program stops, the TI-89 Titanium shows the last screen that was displayed. The Program I/O...
• Page 575
  ... to prompt the user for input. You cannot perform calculations on this screen. Note: If Home screen calculations don't work after you run a program, you may be on...• Press ‡ to toggle between the Home screen and the Program I/O screen. - or - Press N, 2 K, or @ " "to display the Home screen. -...
• Page 576
  ... Lets you: Select whether to create a new program or function. Select the folder in which the new program or function will be stored. For information about folders, refer to the Calculator Home Screen module. Programming 576
• Page 577
  ... this module. Note: A program (or function) is saved automatically as you type. You do not need to save it manually before leaving the Program Editor, starting a new program, or opening a previous one. Resuming the Current Program You can ...
• Page 578
  Starting a New Program from the Program Editor To leave the current program or function and start a new one: 1. Press ƒ and select 3:New. 2. Specify the type, folder, and variable for the new program or function. 3. Press ¸ twice. Opening a Previous Program You ...
• Page 579
  ...can edit the copy while retaining the original. 1. Display the program or function you want to copy. 2. Press ƒ... you can accumulate quite a few previous programs and functions, which take up ... sequential order (although some commands alter the program flow). In general, anything that can be executed ...
• Page 580
  ...can begin entering commands for your new program. Program name, which you specify when you create a new program. Enter your program commands between Prgm and ...module. After typing each program line, press ¸. This inserts a new blank line and lets you continue entering another line. A program ...
• Page 581
  ... :Request "Enter an integer",n Ë :expr(n)!n:¦Convert to numeric expression :-----Ê Description of the program . Ë Description of expr. Note: Use comments to enter information that is useful to someone reading the program code. To enter the comment symbol, press: • • 8d -...
• Page 582
  ... Then : Disp "x is > 5" :Else : Disp "x is < or = 5" :EndIf Displaying Calculated Results In a program, calculated results are not displayed unless you use ... an important difference between performing a calculation on the Home screen and in a program. These calculations will not display a result in ...
• Page 583
  Displaying a calculation result does not store that result. If you need to refer to ...to these variables. Enter the values directly into the program itself. :Disp 12ù6 :cos(p/4)!maximum • ... "Enter an necessary values when they integer",n run the program. Require the users to pass one or more values...
• Page 584
  Example of Passing Values to a Program The following program draws a circle on the Graph screen and then draws a horizontal line... used to store the passed values. Notice that the program also contains commands that set up the Graph screen. :circ(x,y,r) Ê :Prgm :FnOff :ZoomStd :ZoomSqr :Circle x,y,r ...
• Page 585
  ...Why Create a User-Defined Function? Functions (as well as programs) are ideal for repetitive calculations or tasks. You only need to write the function once. Then you can reuse it as many times as necessary. Functions, however, have some advantages over programs. Programming 585
• Page 586
  You can create functions that expand on the TI-89 Titanium's built-in functions. You can then use the new functions the same as any other function. Functions return values that can be graphed or entered in a table; programs cannot. You can use a ...
• Page 587
  • Can use all built-in TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 functions except: setFold setTable setGraph switch setMode • Can refer to ... available. Entering a Function When you create a new function in the Program Editor, the TI-89 Titanium displays a blank "template." Note: Use ...
• Page 588
  ...to Return a Value from a Function There are two ways to return a value from a function: • As the last line in the function (before EndFunc), calculate the value to be returned. :cube(x) :Func :x^3 :EndFunc Programming 588
• Page 589
  .... :cube(x) :Func :If x
• Page 590
  ...they are not affected by any existing x or y variable. Function as defined in the Program Editor Function as called from the Home Screen 3!x:125!y 4n.. (a separate program) or internal (included in the main program). Subroutines are useful when a program needs to repeat the same group of commands at...
• Page 591
  ... To call a separate program, use the same syntax used to run the program from the Home screen. :subtest1() :Prgm :For i,1,4,1 : subtest2(i,iù1000) :EndFor :... must be defined before it can be called, it is a good practice to define subroutines at the beginning of the main program. Programming 591
• Page 592
  An internal subroutine is called and executed in the same way as a separate program. :subtest1() :Prgm :local subtest2 :Define subtest2(x,y)=Prgm : Disp x,y :EndPrgm :¦Beginning of main program :For i,1,4,1 : subtest2(i,I*1000) :EndFor :EndPrgm Ê Declares the subroutine as a...
• Page 593
  ... with reserved names that are created Variables automatically to store data about the state of the calculator. For example, Window variables (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, etc.) are.... A program cannot create system variables, but it can use the values and (in most cases) store new values. Programming 593
• Page 594
  ... Name) Folder Variables Variables that are stored in a particular folder. • • After the program stops, any folder variables created by the ..., local variables are deleted automatically. • • • To create a local variable in a program, use the Local command to declare the variable. A local ...
• Page 595
  Note: If a program has local variables, a graphed function cannot access them. For example: Local a 5!a Graph aùcos(x) may display an error or an ... the same variable that was used to define the function or create the program. However, to avoid Circular definition errors, you must...
• Page 596
  .... Lets you create a data variable based on the graph information entered in the Y= Editor, Window Editor, etc. Copies the contents of a variable. Defines a program (subroutine) or function variable within a ... DelFold DelType DelVar getFold getType isArchiv() isLocked() isVar() Local Programming 596
• Page 597
  ... to another. Creates a data variable whose columns consist of a series of specified lists. Creates a new folder. Creates a picture variable based on a matrix. Renames a variable. Moves specified variables from user data archive memory to RAM. ...
• Page 598
  ... cases, the variable i is used only while the program is running. Ê :Local I :For i,0,5,1 : Disp I :EndFor :Disp... for any variable that is used only within a program and does not need to be stored... declare variable i as local, it is deleted automatically when the program stops so that it does not use...
• Page 599
  For example: Define fact(n)=Func: Ê Local m: While n>1: n
• Page 600
  ...Perform Symbolic Calculations If you want a function or program to perform symbolic calculations, you must use a global variable instead of a local. However, you must... global variable does not already exist outside of the program. The following methods can help. • • Refer to a ...
• Page 601
  ... Are Used A string is a sequence of characters enclosed in "quotes." In programming, strings allow the program to display information or prompt the user to perform ... 61. Although you cannot use a string such as "61" or "2x+4" in a calculation, you can convert a string into a numeric expression by ...
• Page 602
  ... Returns an expression as a character string based on the format template (fixed, scientific, engineering, etc.) Searches a string to see if it contains a specified ...code of the first character within a string. This is the opposite of the char command. format inString left mid ord Programming 602
• Page 603
  ...string Conditional Tests Conditional tests let programs make decisions. For example, depending on whether a test is true or false, a program can decide which of two actions to perform. Conditional ......EndIf and loops such as While...EndWhile (described later in this module). Programming 603...
• Page 604
  .... The values can be numbers, expressions, lists, or matrices (but they must match in type and dimension). Operator > < True if: Greater than Less than Greater than or equal to Less than or equal to Equal Not equal to Example a>8 a
• Page 605
  ... xor c2 is true if is false if x{2 x>2 Note: If you use not from the Home screen, it is shown as ~ in the history area. For example, not x>2 is shown as ~(x>2). Programming 605
• Page 606
  Using If, Lbl, and Goto to Control Program Flow An If...EndIf structure uses a conditional ...also be used to branch (or jump) from one place to another in a program. F2 Control Toolbar Menu To enter If...EndIf structures, use the Program Editor's „ Control toolbar menu. The If command is available ...
• Page 607
  ... displays the value of x. In this example, you must store a value to x before executing the If command. Note: Use indentation to make your programs easier to read and understand. If...Then...EndIf Structures To execute one group of commands if a conditional test is true, use the structure: :If x>5 ...
• Page 608
  Note: EndIf marks the end of the Then block that is executed if the condition is true. If...Then...Else...EndIf Structures To execute one group of commands if a conditional test is true and a different group if the condition is false, use this structure: :If x>5 Then Ê : Disp "x is greater than ...
• Page 609
  ... can also control the flow of your program by using Lbl (label) and Goto ... to label (assign a name to) a particular location in the program. Lbl labelName name to assign to this location... use the Goto command at any point in the program to branch to the location that corresponds to the specified label...
• Page 610
  ... number was > 5" Ê If x>5, branches directly to label GT5. Ë For this example, the program must include commands (such as Stop) that prevent Lbl GT5 from ... test. F2 Control Toolbar Menu To enter most of the loop-related commands, use the Program Editor's „ Control toolbar menu. Programming 610
• Page 611
  ... increment must be negative. For(variable, begin, end [, increment]) Ê Ë Ì Í Ê Ë Ì Í variable used as a counter counter value used the first time For is executed exits the loop when variable exceeds this value added to the counter each subsequent time For is executed Programming 611
• Page 612
  ... Note: The For command automatically increments the counter variable so that the program can exit the loop after a certain number of repetitions. At the end of the loop (EndFor), program control jumps back to the For command, where variable is incremented and compared to ...
• Page 613
  ... is evaluated. If condition is true, the loop is executed; otherwise, program control jumps to the command following EndWhile. x|5 x
• Page 614
  ... x. Ë Displays 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Ì Increments x. Í Displays 5. When x increments to 5, the loop is not executed. Loop...EndLoop Loops A Loop...EndLoop creates an infinite loop, which is repeated endlessly. The Loop command does not have any arguments. :Loop EndLoop :-------- Programming 614
• Page 615
  Typically, the loop contains commands that let the program exit from the loop. Commonly used commands are: If, Exit, Goto, and Lbl (label). ... only if the condition is true. The If command could also use a Goto command to transfer program control to a specified Lbl (label) command. Programming 615
• Page 616
  ... commands that let the program exit from the loop. Configuring the TI-89 Titanium Programs can contain commands that change the configuration of the calculator. Because mode changes are particularly useful, the Program Editor's Mode toolbar menu makes it easy to enter the...
• Page 617
  ... setFold setGraph setMode setTable setUnits switch Description Returns a list of calculator characteristics. Returns the name of the current folder. Returns the current ... of default units. Sets the current folder. Sets a specified graph format (Coordinates, Graph Order, etc.). Sets any mode except ...
• Page 618
  ... setting. The correct syntax is inserted into your program. :setMode("Graph","FUNCTION") Getting Input from the User and Displaying Output... while the program is running. Likewise, a program can display information such as the result of a calculation. F3 I/O Toolbar Menu To enter most of the commonly...
• Page 619
  ...treated as a string. Input can also display the Graph screen and let the user update ...rc and qc in polar mode) by positioning the graph cursor. InputStr Prompts the user to enter... of expressions. As with Input, each expression is treated according to how it is entered. PopUp Prompt Programming 619...
• Page 620
  ... as a string. Note: String input cannot be used in a calculation. To convert a string to a numeric expression, use the expr command.... also display the current contents of the Program I/O screen without displaying additional information. Displays the current contents of the Graph screen. Displays the...
• Page 621
  ...box that contains a specified character string. Notes: • • In a program, simply performing a calculation does not display the result. You must use an output command. ... Command Dialog...EndDlog Toolbar...EndTbar Description Defines a program block (consisting of Title, Request, etc., ...
• Page 622
  ... Menu The custom menu feature lets you create your own toolbar menu. A custom menu can contain any available function, instruction, or set of characters. The calculator has a default custom menu that you can modify or redefine. Programming 622
• Page 623
  ... create a custom menu, you can let the user turn it on and off manually, or you can let a program turn it on and off automatically. To: ... Press 2 ½ again. - or - Go to a different application. From the Home screen or a program: Turn off the custom menu From any application: • •...
• Page 624
  ... "Prgm1":Item "Func1":Item "Data1" :Item "Text1":Item "Pic1":Item "GDB1":Item "Str1" Ê Ê Ê :Title "f(x)" :Item "f(x)":Item "g(x)":Item "f(x,y)":Item "g(x,y)" :Item "f(x+h)":Item "Define f(x) =" :Title "Solve" :Item "Solve(":Item " and ":Item "{x,y}" :Item "Solve( and ,{x,y})" Programming 624
• Page 625
  ...The following may be slightly different than the default custom menu on your calculator. Ê Ë Note: See how "_\o\C" and "_\o\F" display as ¡C and ¡F in the menu. ... custom default (as described below) to get the commands for the default menu. Copy those commands, use the Program Programming 625
• Page 626
  Editor to create a new program, and paste them into the blank program. Then modify the commands as necessary. Note: This inserts all the commands on...custom menu at a time. If you need more, write a separate program for each custom menu. Then run the program for the menu ...
• Page 627
  ... DispTbl setTable Description Displays the current contents of the Table screen. Sets the Graph Table or Independent table parameters. (To set the other two table.... Creates a user-defined function. Displays the current contents of the Graph screen. Deselects all (or only specified) Y= functions. ...
• Page 628
  ...(rc and qc in polar mode) by positioning the graph cursor. Creates a new stat plot definition. .... Sets the display style for a function. Lets a program trace a graph. Perform all of the Zoom operations that ...the Graph screen and superimposes a stored graph picture by using AND logic. Programming 628
• Page 629
  ... graph pictures. Creates a graph picture variable based on a matrix. Restores all settings stored ... picture by using XOR logic. Note: For information about graph pictures and databases, also refer ... Screen To create a drawing object on the Graph screen, use the commands listed in this section. Pixel ...
• Page 630
  ... window) Note: For information about pixel coordinates in split screens, refer to the Data/Matrix Editor module. Many drawing commands have two forms: one for ... Pxl, such as PxlChg. Erasing Drawn Objects Command ClrDraw Description Erases all drawn objects from the Graph screen. Programming 630
• Page 631
  ... Lines and Circles Command Circle or PxlCrcl DrawSlp Line or PxlLine Description Draws, erases, or inverts a circle with a specified center and radius. Draws a line with a specified slope through a specified point. Draws, erases, or inverts a line between two sets of coordinates. Programming 631
• Page 632
  ... using specified expressions as its x and y components. Draws a specified polar expression. Draws contours in 3D graphing mode. Draws two expressions and shades the areas where expression1 < expression2. Programming 632
• Page 633
  Accessing Another TI-89 Titanium Titanium, , a CBL 2, or a CBR If you link two graphing calculators ...variables between them. If you link a TI-89 Titanium to a Calculator-Based Laboratory™ (CBL 2ମ. program on the TI-89 Titanium can access the CBL 2 or CBR. F3 I/O Toolbar Menu Use the...
• Page 634
  Accessing Another TI-89 Titanium When two calculators are linked, one acts as a receiving unit and the other as a sending unit. Command ...2 or CBR unit. Command Get Description Gets a variable from an attached CBL 2 or CBR and stores it in the graphing calculator. Programming 634
• Page 635
  ... Send Description Sends a list variable from the graphing calculator to the CBL 2 or CBR. Debugging Programs and Handling Errors After you write a program...-Time Errors The first step in debugging your program is to run it. The graphing calculator automatically checks each executed ...
• Page 636
  ... locate syntax errors but not errors in program logic. The following techniques may be useful....debugged, declare the applicable variables as local. Within a program, temporarily insert Disp and Pause ...defined function. To temporarily change the function into a program, change Func and EndFunc to Prgm ...
• Page 637
  ... :Text "The answer is "&string(temp) :EndPrgm Ê Prompts for input on Program I/O screen. Ë Converts string entered with InputStr to an expression. Ì Loop calculation. Í Displays output in a dialog box. Programming 637
• Page 638
  ...prog2() :Prgm :Prompt n :0!temp:1!I :Lbl top : temp+i!temp : i+1!I : If i{n : Goto top :Disp temp :EndPrgm Ê Prompts for input on Program I/O screen. Ë Loop calculation. Ì Displays output on Program I/O screen. Note: Because Prompt returns n as a...
• Page 639
  ... to create dialog boxes for input and output. It uses Loop...EndLoop to calculate the result. :prog3() :Prgm :Dialog : Title "Enter an integer" : Request...box for input. Ë Converts string entered with Request to an expression. Ì Loop calculation. Í Defines a dialog box for output. Programming 639
• Page 640
  Example 4 This example uses built-in functions to calculate the result without using a loop. :prog4() :Prgm Ê :Input "Enter an integer",n Ë :sum(seq(i,i,1,n))!temp Ì :Disp temp :EndPrgm Ê Prompts for input on Program I/O. Ë Calculates sum. Ì Displays output on Program I/O screen. Note: ...
• Page 641
  ... provide additional functions or features that are not built into the TI-89 Titanium. Check the Texas Instruments web site for up-to-date ...TI-89 or TI-92 Plus, be aware that the TI-GRAPH LINK software is not compatible with the TI-89 Titanium. The cable, however, works with all units. Use TI Connect ...
• Page 642
  ...calculator and unit-to-unit cables from the TI Online Store at education.ti.com/buy. Running an Assembly-Language Program After a TI-89 Titanium assembly-language program is stored on your unit, you can run the program from the Home screen just as you ...
• Page 643
  ...rename the existing program to kbdprgm1( ), etc. You Cannot Edit an Assembly-Language Program You cannot use your TI-89 Titanium to edit an assembly-language program. The built-in Program Editor will not open assembly-language programs. Displaying a List of ...
• Page 644
  ...check the Texas Instruments web site (education.ti.com) for specific information about how to access TI-89 Titanium features. The graphing calculator also includes an Exec command... that you can easily make a mistake that locks up the calculator and causes you to lose your data. We ...
• Page 645
  ...Text Editor), or open a previous session. Starting a New Session 1. Press O and then select ... variable that you want to use to store the new session. Item Type Folder Description ... variable will be stored. For information about folders, refer to the Calculator Home Screen module. To use a different ...
• Page 646
  ... be displayed when you press ¸. When you press N or ¸ to acknowledge the error, the NEW dialog box is redisplayed. 4. Press ¸ (after typing in an ... as you type. You do not need to save a session manually before leaving the Text Editor, starting a new session, or opening a previous one. Resuming ...
• Page 647
  ... a New Session from the Text Editor To leave the current Text Editor session and start a new one: 1. Press ƒ and select 3:New. 2. Specify a folder and text variable for the new session. 3. Press ¸ twice. Opening a Previous Session You can open a previous Text ...
• Page 648
  Copying a Session In some cases, you may want to copy a session so that you can edit the copy while retaining the original. 1. Display the session you want to copy. 2. Press ƒ and select 2:Save Copy As. 3. Specify the folder and text variable for the copied session. 4. Press ¸ twice. Note about ...
• Page 649
  ... screen. Using a USB cable and TI Connect™ software with the TI-89 Titanium, you can use the ...a text file and then send that file to the TI-89 Titanium. This is useful if you need to create... the TI web site at education.ti.com, or contact Texas Instruments at TI-Cares™. Notes: • Use the cursor...
• Page 650
  ... ) @ j (turns off upper- and lowercase lock) Note: On the TI-89 Titanium, you do not need j or alpha-lock to ... z, or t. But you must use ¤ or uppercase ALPHA-lock for X, Y, Z, or T. On the TI-89 Titanium, alpha-lock is always turned off when you change applications, such as going from the Text ...
• Page 651
  On the TI-89 Titanium, while either type of alpha-lock is on: • • To type a period, comma, or other character that is the primary function of a key, you must turn alpha-lock off. To type a second function character such as 2 [, you do not need to turn alphalock off. After you type the ...
• Page 652
  ... up to the cursor position on the next or previous line, respectively. Note: To remove highlighting without replacing or deleting, move the cursor. Replacing or Deleting Highlighted Text To: Do this: Replace highlighted text Type the new text. Delete highlighted text Press 0. Text Editor 652
• Page 653
  Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Text Cutting and copying both place highlighted text into the clipboard of the TI-89 Titanium. Cutting deletes the text from its current location (used to move text) and copying leaves the text. 1. Highlight the text you ...
• Page 654
  Finding Text From the Text Editor: 1. Place the text cursor at any location preceding the text you want to search for. All searches start at the current cursor location. 2. Press ‡. 3. Type the search text. The search is not case sensitive. For example: CASE, case, and Case have the same effect....
• Page 655
  Inserting or Overtyping a Character By default, the TI-89 Titanium is in insert mode. To toggle between insert and overtype mode, press 2 /. If the TI-89 Titanium is in: The next character you type: Will be inserted at the cursor. Thin cursor between characters Will replace ...
• Page 656
  ... a complete list of shortcut keys. To access the shortcuts, first press the 2 key. Some special characters are marked on the keyboard, but most are not. On the TI-89 Titanium: • Press ¹ ^ to display the keyboard map. 656 Text Editor
• Page 657
  ...the TI-89 Titanium shortcuts, first press the ¹ key. TI-89 Titanium keyboard map feature shortcuts: GREEK (¹ c) - Accesses the Greek character set (described later ... if an error message is displayed. When you turn the TI-89 Titanium on again, it will be exactly as you left it. • ...
• Page 658
  ...from the Keyboard Note: To help you find the applicable keys, these maps show only the special symbols. On the TI-89 Titanium: f Press ¹ and then the key for the symbol. For example: ¹ p (times) displays &. These special symbols are not affected by whether...
• Page 659
  On the TI-89 Titanium: f Press ¹ c to access the Greek character set. ξ X ψ Y ζ Z τ ∆ δ D T α A β B C ε E φ F Γ γ G H I J λ K L µ M
• Page 660
  ...displays Ω The exact keys that you press on the TI-89 Titanium depend on whether alpha-lock is on or off. For example: On the TI-89 Titanium, if: Alpha-lock is off. Then: ¹ c X or ¹ c j X displays ...displays Ω. Important: If you press j on the TI-89 Titanium to access a Greek letter while...
• Page 661
  ... line for the command. 2. Press „ to display the Command toolbar menu. 3. Select 1:Command. C is displayed at the beginning of the text line (to the left of the colon). Note: This does not insert a new line for the command, it simply marks an existing line as a command line. Text Editor 661
• Page 662
  4. Type a command just as you would on the Home screen. The line can contain only the command, with no additional text. Note: You can mark a line as a command either before or after typing the command on that line. You can type multiple commands on the same line if you type a colon to separate the...
• Page 663
  ... Press: ...and select 1:Script view...and select 2:Clear split. Return to a full screen Text Editor You can also use 3 to set up a split screen manually. However, ...sets up a Text Editor/Home screen split much easier than 3. • • The active application is indicated by a thick border. (By ...
• Page 664
  ... variable. The entries are automatically saved in a script format so that you can open the text variable in the Text Editor and execute the entries as commands. For information, refer to "Saving the Home Screen Entries as a Text Editor Script" in the Calculator Home Screen module. Text Editor 664
• Page 665
  Example 1. Type your script. Press „ and select 1:Command to mark the command lines. 2. Press ...and select 1:Script view. 3. Move the cursor to the first command line. Then press
• Page 666
  Numeric Solver Displaying the Solver and Entering an Equation After you display the Numeric Solver, start by entering the equation that you want to solve. Displaying the Numeric Solver To display the Numeric Solver, press O and then select the Numeric Solver icon. Press ¸. The Numeric Solver ...
• Page 667
  You can: Refer to a function or equation defined elsewhere. Notes: • For example: Suppose you defined y1(x) on either the: • • Y= Editor: Do not use system function y1(x)=1.25x
• Page 668
  Recalling Previously Entered Equations Your most recently entered equations (up to 11 with the default setting) are retained in memory. To recall one of these equations: 1. From the Numeric Solver screen, press
• Page 669
  Saving Equations for Future Use Because the number of equations that you can recall with ‡ Eqns is limited, a particular equation may not be retained indefinitely. To store the current equation for future use, save it to a variable. 1. From the Numeric Solver screen, press , and select 2:Save ...
• Page 670
  2. Select the applicable folder and equation variable. 3. Press ¸. Variable eqn contains the current equation; it always appears alphabetically in the list. Defining the Known Variables After you type an equation in the Numeric Solver, enter the applicable values for all variables except the ...
• Page 671
  Enter a number or expression for all variables except the one you want to solve for. Notes and Common Errors • If you define a variable: In terms of another variable in the equation, that variable must be defined first. In terms of another variable that is not in the equation, that variable must ...
• Page 672
  ... other than exp. Also, if the equation contains a system variable, you cannot use ...to graph. • Although you can use a system variable in the equation, an error occurs if you use ...to graph the solution. In the standard viewing window, xmax=10. Numeric Solver 672
• Page 673
  • If you see the error shown to the right, delete the entered variable value. Then edit the equation to use a different variable. Note: This error occurs if you use a reserved name incorrectly or refer to an undefined system function as a simple variable without parentheses. Editing the ...
• Page 674
  For the bounds, you can also enter variables or expressions that evaluate to appropriate values (bound={lower,upper}) or a valid list variable that contains a two-element list (bound=list). The bounds must be two floating point elements with the first one less than or equal to the second one. Note:...
• Page 675
  Note: To stop (break) a calculation, press ´. The unknown variable shows the value being tested when the break ... values. Enter an initial guess and/or a new set of bounds close to the other solution. ... or after you solve for the unknown variable. By graphing the solutions, you can Numeric Solver ...
• Page 676
  ... to select an accurate initial guess and bounds. Displaying the Graph In the Numeric Solver, leave the cursor on the unknown variable. Press ... variable is plotted on the x axis. leftNrt is plotted on the y axis. The current graph format settings are used. Solutions for the equation exist at leftNrt...
• Page 677
  ... Various Settings When you use the Numeric Solver to display a graph: • The following modes are changed automatically to these settings: ... those settings manually. • • All stat plots are deselected. After you leave the Numeric Solver, the Graph screen may continue to display the equation's ...
• Page 678
  Selecting a New Initial Guess from the Graph To use the graph cursor to select an initial guess: 1. Move the cursor (either free-moving or trace) to the point that you want to use as the new guess. 2. Use 2 a to make the Numeric Solver screen active. 3. Make sure the cursor is on the ...
• Page 679
  ... still exist after you leave the Numeric Solver. If the equation contains single-character variables, their values may inadvertently affect later symbolic calculations. Before leaving the Numeric Solver, you may want to: 1. Press: @ 2ˆ to clear all single-character variables in the current folder. ...
• Page 680
  Number Bases Entering and Converting Number Bases Regardless of the Base mode, you must always use the appropriate prefix when entering a binary or hexadecimal number. Entering a Binary or Hexadecimal Number To enter a binary number, use the form: 0b binaryNumber (for example: 0b11100110) Binary ...
• Page 681
  Converting between Number Bases Use the 4 conversion operator integerExpression 4 Bin integerExpression 4 Dec integerExpression 4 Hex For 4, press 2 4. Also, you can select base conversions from the MATH/Base menu. For example, to convert 256 from decimal to binary: 256 4 Bin Note: If your entry ...
• Page 682
  2. From the Home screen, type the number that you want to convert (using the correct prefix) and press ¸. If Base mode = HEX: Performing Math Operations with Hex or Bin Numbers For any operation that uses an integer number, you can enter a hexadecimal or binary number. Results are displayed ...
• Page 683
  The Base mode controls the displayed format of integer results only. Note: The Base mode affects output only. You must always use the 0h or 0b prefix to enter a If Base mode = HEX: hex or binary number. Fractional and floating-point results are always shown in decimal form. Dividing When Base = ...
• Page 684
  Size Limitations When Base = HEX or BIN When Base=HEX or BIN, an integer result is stored internally as a signed, 32-bit binary number, which uses the range (shown in hexadecimal and decimal): 0hFFFFFFFF L1 0h80000000 'L2,147,483,648 0h0 0 0h1 1 0h7FFFFFFF 2,147,483,647 If a result's magnitude is ...
• Page 685
  Operator with syntax integer1 and integer2 Description In a bit-by-bit and comparison, the result is 1 if both bits are 1; otherwise, the result is 0. The returned value represents the bit results. In a bit-by-bit or comparison, the result is 1 if either bit is 1; the result is 0 only if both bits...
• Page 686
  0h7AC36 = 0b00000000000001111010110000110110 and and 0h3D5F 0b00000000000000000011110101011111 0b00000000000000000010110000010110 = 0h2C16 Leading zeros are not shown in the result. Note: If you enter an integer that is too large to be stored in a signed, 32-bit binary form, a symmetric modulo ...
• Page 687
  Function with syntax shift(integer) - or - shift(integer,#ofShifts) Description If #ofShifts is: • • • omitted - bits shift once to the right (default is L1). negative - bits shift the specified number of times to the right. positive - bits shift the specified number of times to the left. ...
• Page 688
  Each bit shifts to the right. 7AC36 = 0b00000000000001111010110000110110 Inserts 0 if leftmost bit is 0, or 1 if leftmost bit is 1 Dropped b00000000000000111101011000011011 = 0h3D61B Leading zeros are not shown in the result. The result is displayed according to the Base mode. Note: If you enter ...
• Page 689
  ... Press 2 ;. (The numbers on your MEMORY screen may vary from those shown.) Prgm/Asn: Includes programs written for the TI-89 Titanium as well as any assembly-language programs you have loaded. History: Size of history pairs saved in the Home ...
• Page 690
  ...Flash ROM. 3:Both: Resetting both erases all data, programs, and Flash applications from Flash ROM. Resetting will delete..., use VAR-LINK. 3. When prompted for confirmation, press ¸. The TI-89 Titanium displays a message when the reset is complete. Note: To cancel the reset, press N instead of ¸. ...
• Page 691
  Displaying the VAR-LINK Screen The VAR-LINK screen lists the variables and folders that are currently defined. After displaying the screen, you can manipulate the variables and/or folders. Displaying the VAR-LINK Screen Press 2 °. By default, the VAR-LINK screen lists all user-defined variables in...
• Page 692
  This... Indicates this...Expanded folder view (to right of folder name). You can scroll for more variables and/or folders (in bottom left corner of screen). If selected with
• Page 693
  ... LIST MAT PIC PRGM STR TEXT Description Assembly-language program Data Expression (includes numeric values) Function Graph database List Matrix Picture of a graph Program String Text Editor session Types not listed above are miscellaneous ...
• Page 694
  Press: To: Return to the current application without pasting the highlighted name. N Displaying Information about Variables on the Home Screen From the Home screen, you can display information about variables without opening the VAR-LINK screen. • To determine if a variable with a given name ...
• Page 695
  ... You can show all variable types except ASM, DATA, GDB, and variables created by Flash Apps. For example, you must open a DATA variable in the Data/Matrix Editor. 1. On VAR-LINK, move the cursor to highlight the variable. 2. Press: 2ˆ If you highlight a folder, the screen shows the number of ...
• Page 696
  ...highlighted. Folders and Variables Folders give you a convenient way to manage variables by organizing them into related groups. The TI-89 Titanium has one built-in folder named MAIN. Unless you create other folders and designate a user-created folder...
• Page 697
  ... sets of user-defined variables (including user-defined functions). For example, you can create separate folders for different TI-89 Titanium applications (Math, Text Editor, etc.) or classes. You can store a user-defined variable in any existing folder....
• Page 698
  ... to eight characters, and press ¸ twice. After you create a new folder from VAR-LINK, that folder is not automatically set as the current... command on the Home screen. NewFold folderName Folder name to create. This new folder is set automatically as the current folder. Memory and Variable Management...
• Page 699
  Setting the Current Folder from the Home Screen Enter the setFold function on the Home screen. setFold (folderName) setFold is a function, which requires you to enclose the folder name in parentheses. When you execute setFold, it returns the name of the folder that was previously set as the ...
• Page 700
  Renaming Variables or Folders Remember, if you use
• Page 701
  For example: If Current Folder = MAIN Folders and Variables MAIN a=1 f(x)=x³+x²+x MATH a=42 f(x)=3x²+4x+25 To see a list of existing folders and variables, press 2 °. On the VAR-LINK screen, you can highlight a variable and press ¸ to paste that variable name to the open application's ...
• Page 702
  ... if you have created them. Var Type - Lists the valid variable types. $ - indicates that you can scroll for additional variable types. 3. Select the new setting. 4. When you are back on the VAR-LINK VIEW screen, press ¸. The VAR-LINK screen is updated to show only the specified folder, variable ...
• Page 703
  Copying or Moving Variables from One Folder to Another You must have at least one folder other than MAIN. You cannot use VAR-LINK to copy variables within the same folder. 1. On VAR-LINK, select the variables. 2. Press ƒ Manage and select 2:Copy or 4:Move. 3. Select the destination folder. 4. ...
• Page 704
  2. Press ƒ Manage and select 6:Lock or 7:UnLock. Œ indicates a locked variable or folder in RAM. û indicates an archived variable, which is locked automatically. Deleting a Folder from the VAR-LINK Screen When you delete a folder from the VAR-LINK screen, all of the variables in that folder ...
• Page 705
  ... stored in that folder. • • To delete a variable, enter the DelVar command on the calculator Home screen. DelVar var1 [, var2] [, var3] ... To delete all variables of a specific type, enter the DelType command on the calculator Home screen. DelType var_type where var_type is the variable type...
• Page 706
  • • Home screen, Y= Editor, Table Editor, or Data/Matrix Editor - The cursor must be on the entry line. Text Editor, Window Editor, Numeric Solver, or Program Editor - The cursor can be anywhere on the screen. You can also paste a variable name to the ...
• Page 707
  ... use. Note: You cannot archive variables with reserved names or system variables. - If you acquire additional programs for your TI-89 Titanium, particularly if they are large, you may need to create additional free RAM before you can install those ...
• Page 708
  Additional free RAM can improve performance times for certain types of calculations. From the VAR-LINK Screen To archive or unarchive: 1. Press 2 ° to display the VAR-LINK screen. 2. Select one or more variables, which can be in different folders. (You can select an entire folder by selecting the ...
• Page 709
  ... message. This occurs if you try to archive a variable when there is not enough free archive memory. However, the TI-89 Titanium will attempt to rearrange the archived variables to make additional room. Responding to the Garbage Collection Message When you see the ...
• Page 710
  ... will take longer than usual. It also alerts you that the archive may fail if there is not enough memory. Can alert you when a program is caught in a loop that repetitively fills the user data archive. Cancel the archive and investigate the reason. Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary? The user data...
• Page 711
  variable A variable B Sector 1 Empty block variable D variable C Sector 2 Depending on its size, variable D is stored in one of these locations. Sector 3 This process continues to the end of the last sector. Depending on the size of individual variables, the empty blocks may account for a ...
• Page 712
  ...Even if the MEMORY screen shows enough free space to archive a variable, you may still get a Garbage Collection message. This TI-89 Titanium memory screen shows free space that will be available after all "marked for deletion" variables are deleted. When you...
• Page 713
  The Garbage Collection Process The garbage collection process: • • Deletes unarchived variables from the user data archive. Rearranges the remaining variables into consecutive blocks. v a r ia b le A v a r ia b le D Sector 1 Sector 2 Memory Error When Accessing an Archived Variable An ...
• Page 714
  ... do not have to unarchive variables unnecessarily, the TI-89 Titanium performs a "behind-the scenes" copy. For example, if you run a program that is in the user data archive, the TI-89 Titanium: 1. Copies the program to RAM. 2. Runs the program. 3. Deletes the copy from RAM when the program is ...
• Page 715
  3. Free up the needed amount of memory by: • • Deleting unnecessary variables from RAM. Archiving large variables or programs (moving them from RAM to the user data archive). Note: Typically, the RAM free size must be larger than the archived variable. Memory and Variable Management 715
• Page 716
  Connectivity Connecting Two Units The TI-89 Titanium comes with a cable that lets you connect two units. Once ... two units. A USB unit-to-unit cable is included with the TI-89 Titanium; use the calculator's USB port with this cable. Note: The TI-89 Titanium features both a USB port and an I/O port, so...
• Page 717
  USB Port USB unit-to-unit cable USB Port Two TI-89 Titanium calculators linked together USB unit-to-unit cable Position so that the USB symbols face each other; then insert the connector. Connectivity 717
• Page 718
  I/O Port I/O unit-to-unit cable I/O Port A TI-89 Titanium and a Voyage™ 200 linked together Connectivity 718
• Page 719
  I/O Port I/O unit-to-unit cable TI-89 I/O Port A TI-89 Titanium and a TI-89 linked together Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, and Folders Transmitting variables is a convenient way to share any variable listed on the VAR-LINK ...
• Page 720
  ... transfer only between certain units. For example, you can transfer an App from a TI-89 Titanium to another TI-89 Titanium, or from a TI-89 Titanium to a TI89. 1. Connect two graphing calculators using the appropriate cable. 2. On the sending unit,...
• Page 721
  - If selecting a Flash App (from the F7 tab), this selects the App folder and its contents. A checkmark appears beside the folder, but not beside the contents. Collapsed Flash App folders do not automatically become expanded. • To select multiple variables, Flash applications, or folders, ...
• Page 722
  ...unit. Note: Before transferring a purchased App, the receiving unit must have the appropriate certificate, if required. A certificate is a file that is generated by TI. Free and concept Apps do not require a certificate. Rules for Transmitting Variables, Flash Applications, or Folders Unlocked and ...
• Page 723
  Locked variables that have the same name on both the sending and receiving units must be unlocked on the receiving unit before they can be overwritten from the sending unit. If archived variables have the same names on both the sending and receiving units, a message asks you to confirm that you ...
• Page 724
  Canceling a Transmission From either the sending or receiving unit: 1. Press ´. An error message is displayed. 2. Press N or ¸. Common Error and Notification Messages Shown on: Sending unit Message and Description: This is displayed after several seconds if: • • A cable is not attached to ...
• Page 725
  ... certification for the operating system (OS) or Flash application being sent. Receiving unit New Name is active only if you change Overwrite to NO. The ... = YES.) To store the variable to a different name, set Overwrite = NO. In the New Name input box, type a variable name that does not exist in the ...
• Page 726
  Shown on: Receiving unit Message and Description: The receiving unit does not have enough memory for what is being sent. Press N or ¸ to cancel the transmission. Deleting Variables, Flash Applications, or Folders 1. Press 2 ° to display the VAR-LINK screen. 2. Select the variables, folders, or...
• Page 727
  ... Flash application message, try downloading the App again from the Texas Instruments Web site at education.ti.com. You can download a Flash ... a computer, and use a TI Connectivity Cable USB to install the application or certificate on your TI-89 Titanium. For Flash App installation instructions, see ...
• Page 728
  ... specify either the USB port or I/O port. (See Appendix A for details.) If you do not include these parameters, the TI-89 Titanium communicates through the USB port. The "Chat" Program The following program uses GetCalc and SendCalc. The program sets up two ...
• Page 729
  Ê Ë Í Î :Chat() :Prgm :ClrIO :Disp "On first unit to send,"," enter 1;","On first to receive," :InputStr " enter 0",msg :If msg="0" Then : While true : GetCalc msg : Disp msg Ì : InputStr msg : SendCalc msg : EndWhile :Else : While true : InputStr msg : SendCalc msg Ï : GetCalc msg : Disp ...
• Page 730
  ... while the sending unit is waiting for the user to enter a message. Running the Program This procedure assumes that: • • The two devices are linked with the connecting cable... program on one device and then use VAR-LINK to transmit the program variable to the other device. To run the program on ...
• Page 731
  ... (OS) You can upgrade the OS on your TI-89 Titanium using your computer. You can also ... unit to another identical model (for example, from a TI-89 Titanium to a TI-89 Titanium or from a Voyage™ 200 to a ... an OS download. If you are operating your TI-89 Titanium in a language other than English, you ...
• Page 732
  messages and status information related to new functionality in the OS may not display... will then need to replace the depleted batteries with new batteries before downloading. If you... before installing the upgrade: • • Important: Install new batteries. Transmit the variables or Flash applications...
• Page 733
  ...USB computer cable to install the OS or application on your TI-89 Titanium. For complete information, refer to ...89 Titanium to a TI-89 Titanium, TI-89 to a TI-89, from a Voyage™ 200 to a Voyage™ 200, or... like units together, for example, a TI-89 Titanium to a TI-89 Titanium; or a Voyage™ 200 to ...
• Page 734
  ..., or press ¸ to start the transmission. Important: • • For each receiving unit, remember to back up information as necessary and install new batteries. Be sure both the sending and receiving units are in the VAR-LINK screen. During the transfer, the receiving unit shows how the transfer is ...
• Page 735
  ... a valid certificate. If the App no longer requires a certificate, you can download it again from the Texas Instruments Web site at education.ti.com and then install the App again on your calculator. An error occurred during the transfer. The current OS ...
• Page 736
  ... List menu option allows collection of electronic ID numbers from individual TI-89 Titanium, TI-89, Voyage™ 200, or TI-92 Plus ...Instruments so a group certificate can be issued. A group certificate allows distribution of purchased software to multiple TI-89 Titanium, TI-89, Voyage™ 200, or TI-92 ...
• Page 737
  To send an ID number from one device to another, first connect two units by using a USB unit-to-unit cable or I/O unit-to-unit cable. Step: On the: 1. 2. Collecting unit (Receiving unit) Sending unit Do this: Display the Home screen. Press:" a. Press 2 ° to display the VAR-LINK screen. b. Press ...
• Page 738
  ... 2 ° to display the VAR-LINK screen. 2. Press ƒ Manage and select A:Clear ID List. Compatibility among the TI-89 Titanium, Voyage™ 200, TI-89, and TI-92 Plus In general, TI-89 Titanium, TI-89, Voyage™ 200, and TI-92 Plus data and programs are compatible...
• Page 739
  ...the TI-89 Titanium has more memory (more room for Apps and user archive) and the TI-89 Titanium has a USB port. The Voyage™ ... All data is compatible among the TI-89 Titanium, TI-89, Voyage™ 200, and TI... and keyboards and the USB port on the TI-89 Titanium. Other incompatibilites can occur ...
• Page 740
  Link Transmission Table To & From ( TI-89 Titanium TI-89 TI-89 Titanium OS Apps Variables Apps Variables Voyage™ 2 00 TI-92 Plus Variables Variables TI-89 Apps Variables OS Apps Variables Variables Variables Variables Voyage™ 2 Variables 00 TI-92 Plus Variables OS Apps Variables Apps ...
• Page 741
  Activities Analyzing the Pole-Corner Problem A ten-foot-wide hallway meets a five-foot-wide hallway in the corner of a building. Find the maximum length pole that can be moved around the corner without tilting the pole. Maximum Length of Pole in Hallway The maximum length of a pole c is the shortest...
• Page 742
  10 a = w+5 b = 10a w a c b 5 w 1. Define the expression for side a in terms of w and store it in a(w). Note: When you want to define a function, use multiple character names as you build the definition. 2. Define the expression for side b in terms of w and store it in b(w). 3. Define the ...
• Page 743
  4. Use the zeros( ) function to compute the zeros of the first derivative of c(w) to find the minimum value of c(w). Note: The maximum length of the pole is the minimum value of c(w). 5. Compute the exact maximum length of the pole. Enter: c (2 ±) 6. Compute the approximate maximum length of the...
• Page 744
  ...: ax2+bx+c=0. 3. Subtract c from both sides of the equation. 2±| j C Note: This example uses the result of the last answer to perform computations on the TI-89 Titanium. This feature reduces keystroking and chances for error. Activities 744
• Page 745
  4. Divide both sides of the equation by the leading coefficient a. Note: Continue to use the last answer (2 ±) as in step 3 in steps 4 through 9. 5. Use the expand( ) function to expand the result of the last answer. 6. Complete the square by adding ((b/a)/2)2 to both sides of the equation. 7....
• Page 746
  ...that a>0 and b>0 and x>0. 10. Solve for x by subtracting b from both sides and then dividing by 2a. Note: This is only one of the two general quadratic solutions due to the constraint in step 9. Exploring a Matrix This activity shows you how to perform several matrix operations. Activities 746
• Page 747
  ... matrix, augment and find the identity matrix, and then solve to find an invalid value of...and then use randMat( ) to create a random 3x3 matrix and store it in a. 2. Replace the [2,3] element ... to a and store the result in b. 3. Use rref( ) to "row reduce" matrix b: The result will have the identity ...
• Page 748
  ...to find where cos(x) = sin(x) for the values of x between 0 and 3p. Method 1: Graph Plot Perform the following steps to observe where the graphs of the functions y1(x)=cos(x) and y2(x)=sin(x) intersect. 1. In the Y= Editor, set y1(x)=cos(x) and y2(x)=sin(x). 2....
• Page 749
  4. Find the intersection point of the two functions. Note: Press ‡ and select 5:Intersection. Respond to the screen prompts to select the two curves, and the lower and upper bounds for intersection A. 5. Note the x and y coordinates. (Repeat steps 4 and 5 to find the other intersections.) Method...
• Page 750
  ... in this example can be found in Symbolic Manipulation and 3D Graphing. Exploring a 3D Graph of the Surface Area of a Parallelepiped Perform the following steps to define a function for the surface area of a parallelepiped, draw a 3D graph, and use the Trace tool to find a point close to the ...
• Page 751
  ... Select the 3D Graph mode. Then enter the function for z1(x,y) as shown in this example with volume ...15] y= [0,15,15] z= [260,300] ncontour= [5] 4. Graph the function and use Trace to go... Analytically Perform the following steps to solve the problem analytically on the Home screen. 1. Solve for x and...
• Page 752
  ...obtain the approximate result in decimal form. Running a Tutorial Script Using the Text Editor This activity ...you how to use the Text Editor to run a tutorial script. Running a Tutorial Script Perform the following .... 1. Open the Text Editor, and create a new variable named demo1. Note: The command ...
• Page 753
  2. Type the following lines into the Text Editor. : Compute the maximum value of f on the closed interval [a,b] : assume that f is differentiable on [a,b] : define f(x)=x^3N2x^2+xN7 : 1!a:3.22!b : d(f(x),x)!df(x) : zeros(df(x),x) : f(ans(1)) : f({a,b}) : The largest number from the previous two ...
• Page 754
  4. Press
• Page 755
  Decomposing a Rational Function To examine the decomposition of the rational function f(x)=(x3N10x2Nx+50)/(xN2) on a graph: 1. On the Home screen, enter the rational function as shown below and store it in a function f(x). Enter: (x^3N10x^2Nx+50)/(xN2)!f(x) Note: Actual entries are displayed in ...
• Page 756
  ... style for y2(x). 6. Add the original function f(x) to y3(x) and select the square graphing style. 7. In the Window Editor, set the window variables to: x= [L10,15,10] y= [L100,100,10] 8. Draw the graph. Note: Be sure the Graph mode is set to Function. Activities 756
• Page 757
  ...function as x gets very large in both the positive and negative directions. The lower graph is y3(x)=f(x) graphed separately using the line style. Studying Statistics: Filtering Data by Categories This activity provides a statistical study...
• Page 758
  ... on the student's sex and academic year (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior). The data (weight in pounds) and respective categories are entered in the Data/Matrix Editor. Table 1: Category vs. Description Category (C2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Academic Year and Sex Freshman boys Freshman girls Sophomore ...
• Page 759
  Perform the following steps to compare the weight of high school students to their year in school. 1. Start the Data/Matrix Editor, and create a new Data variable named students. 2. Enter the data and categories from Table 2 into columns c1 and c2, ...
• Page 760
  5. Copy Plot 1 to Plot 2. 6. Repeat step 5 and copy Plot 1 to Plot 3, Plot 4, and Plot 5. 7. Press ƒ, and modify the Include Categories item for Plot 2 through Plot 5 to the following: Plot 2: {1,2} (freshman boys, girls) Plot 3: {7,8} (senior boys, girls) Plot 4: {1,3,5,7} (all boys) Plot 5:...
• Page 761
  ...Ë Î Ï Ê Í CBL 2™ Program for the TI-89 Titanium This activity provides a program that can be used when the TI-89 Titanium is connected to a Calculator-Based Laboratory™ (CBL 2™) unit. This program works with the "Newton's Law of Cooling" ...
• Page 762
  ...:Pause :PtText "TEMP(C)",2,99 :PtText "T(S)",80,L5 Description Set up the TI-89 Titanium for function graphing. Turn off any previous plots. Turn... on graph screens. Clear any previous graphs. Clear the TI-89 Titanium Program IO (input/output) screen. Set up the Window variables....
• Page 763
  ... data using NewPlot and the Trace tool. Display the graph. Re-label the axes. Stop the program. You can also use the Calculator-Based Ranger™ system (CBR™) to explore the mathematical and scientific relationships between distance, velocity, acceleration...
• Page 764
  Setting Up a Parametric Graph and Table Perform the following steps to study the flight of a hit baseball that has an initial velocity of 95 feet per second and an initial angle of 32 degrees. 1. Set the modes for Page 1 as shown in this screen. 2. Set the modes for Page 2 as shown in this screen....
• Page 765
  ...300,50] y values= [0,100,10] 6. Switch to the right side and display the graph. Note: Press 2 a. 7. Display the TABLE SETUP dialog box, and change tblStart to ...t=2. Note: Press 8 '. 9. Switch to the right side. Press ..., and trace the graph to show the values of xc and yc when tc=2. Note: As you ...
• Page 766
  ... distance. Visualizing Complex Zeros of a Cubic Polynomial This activity describes graphing the complex zeros of a cubic polynomial. Visualizing Complex Roots Perform the... cubic polynomial (xN1)(xNi)(x+i), find the absolute value of the function, graph the modulus surface, and use the Trace tool to ...
• Page 767
  3. Use the abs( ) function to find the absolute value of f(x+yi). (This calculation may take about 2 minutes.) Note: The absolute value of a function ... to the entry line and store it in the function z1(x,y). Note: The graph of z1(x,y) will be the modulus surface. 5. Set the unit to 3D graph mode, ...
• Page 768
  6. In the Y=Editor, press: 8Í and set the Graph Format variables to: Axes= ON Labels= ON Style= HIDDEN SURFACE Note: Calculating and drawing the graph takes about three minutes. 7. Graph the modulus surface. The 3D graph is used to visually display a...
• Page 769
  ..., the complex zeros 1,Li, i of the polynomial x3Nx2+xN1 can be visualized with the three points where the graph of the modulus surface touches the xy plane. Solving a Standard Annuity Problem This activity can be used to find the interest ...
• Page 770
  Finding the Interest Rate of an Annuity Perform the following steps to find the interest rate (i) of an annuity where the starting principal (p) is 1,000, number of compounding periods (n) is 6, and the future value (s) is 2,000. 1. On the Home screen, enter the equation to solve for p. 2. Enter ...
• Page 771
  Finding the Future Value of an Annuity Find the future value of an annuity using the values from the previous example where the interest rate is 14%. Enter the equation to solve for s. solve(s=p
• Page 772
  ...tempstr1)) :EndIf :EndFor :Return "parameter error" :EndFunc Note: You can use your computer keyboard to type lengthy text and then use TI Connect™ software to send it to the TI-89 Titanium. Activities 772
• Page 773
  Finding the Monthly Payment Find the monthly payment on 10,000 if you make 48 payments at 10% interest per year. On the Home screen, enter the tvm values to find pmt. Result: The monthly payment is 251.53. Finding the Number of Payments Find the number of payments it will take to pay off the loan ...
• Page 774
  Finding Factors Enter the expressions shown below on the Home screen. 1. factor(x^3N5x) ¸ displays a rational result. 2. factor(x^3+5x) ¸ displays a rational result. 3. factor(x^3N5x,x) ¸ displays a real result. 4. cfactor(x^3+5x,x) ¸ displays a complex result. Activities 774
• Page 775
  ... information about the steps used in this example can be found in the electronic chapter Programming. Sampling-without- Replacement Function In the Program Editor, define drawball( ) as a function that can be called with two parameters. The first parameter is a list ...
• Page 776
  Sampling without Replacement Suppose an urn contains n1 balls of a color, n2 balls of a second color, n3 balls of a third color, etc. Simulate drawing balls without replacing them. 1. Enter a random seed using the RandSeed command. 2. Assuming the urn contains 10 red balls and 25 white balls, ...
• Page 777
  a mph Eastward Traveling Current Intended Path river bank Boat Actual Path 1. Set the modes for Page 1 as shown in this screen. (Show angles in degrees and display all digits with a floating decimal point.) Press: 3 D D D. On the Angle option, select 2:DEGREE. On the Display Digits option, select...
• Page 778
  3. Enter vectors describing the initial path of the boat, water current, and resultant path of the boat. Store these vectors as i, c, and r. Use the value a for the unknown speed of the current. Use the value b for the speed of the boat. Enter: [20,80¡]!i [a,0¡]!c [b,60°]!r Vectors are commonly...
• Page 779
  When converted to rectangular form, the sum of vectors i and c equals the resultant vector r. 5. Using function p2r, convert vectors i, c, and r to rectangular form. Enter: p2r(i)!i p2r(c)!c p2r(r)!r Because the vectors are equal, the xcoordinate of i+c must equal the x-coordinate of the resultant...
• Page 780
  7. Solve eq2 for b to calculate the actual speed of the boat. solve(eq2,b) 8. Substitute the known value of b into eq1, and solve eq1 for a to determine a, the speed of the eastward traveling current. solve(eq1,a) | b The boat travels at a speed of 22.7 knots, and the water current is ...
• Page 781
  ... Listing of Operations ...782 Alphabetical Listing of Operations...786 This section describes the syntax and action of each TI-89 Titanium function and instruction that is included in the operating system (OS). See modules relating to calculator software ...
• Page 782
  Categorical Listing of Operations This section lists the TI-89 Titanium functions and instructions in functional groups along with the page numbers where they are described. Algebra | ("with") cSolve() factor() nSolve() solve() zeros() ...
• Page 783
  Math + (add)
• Page 784
  Programming = ≤ # (indirection) and checkTmr() ClrErr ClrIO CustmOff Cycle DelFold Dialog DispHome Else EndDlog EndIf EndTBar entry() For Get getDate() getFold() getTime() getTmZn() Goto InputStr Lbl isVar() Lock NewFold or PassErr Prgm Request Send setDate() setGraph() setTime() startTmr() ...
• Page 785
  Statistics ! (factorial) cumSum() LnReg median() NewData OneVar PowerReg rand() ShowStat SortD TwoVar & (append) dim() inString() ord() shift() 906 802 838 ...801 836 842 845 848 853 860 862 881 882 Strings char() format() mid() rotate() 791 822 843 865 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 785
• Page 786
  ...) ⇒ expression abs(list1) ⇒ list abs(matrix1) ⇒ matrix abs({p/2,ëp/3}) ¸ abs(2ì3i) ¸ abs...⇒ Boolean list Boolean matrix1 and matrix2 ⇒ Boolean matrix x,3 and x,4 ¸ x,4 {x,3,... 0b prefix). A hexadecimal entry can have up to 8 digits. 786 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 787
  AndPic CATALOG AndPic picVar[, row, column] In function graphing mode and Y= Editor: y1(x) = cos(x) C... Copy As...Type = Picture, Variable = PIC1 Displays the Graph screen and logically "ANDS" the picture stored in picVar and the current graph screen at pixel coordinates (row, column). picVar must...
• Page 788
  ... Returns the arc length of expression1 from start to end with respect to variable var. Regardless of the graphing mode, arc length is calculated as an integral assuming a function mode definition. arcLen(list1,var,start,end) ⇒ list
• Page 789
  augment() MATH/Matrix menu augment(list1, list2) ⇒ list Returns a new list that is list2 appended to the end of list1. augment(matrix1, ...¸ [5,6]!M2 ¸ augment(M1;M2) ¸ [3 4] 1 2 5 1 2 5 Returns a new matrix that is matrix2 appended to matrix1. When the "," character is used, ...
• Page 790
  ...current data variable. The incremental values used for any independent variables (x in the example to the right) are calculated according to the Window variable values. For information about the increments used to evaluate a graph, refer to the module that ...
• Page 791
  ...) ⇒ character char(38) ¸ char(65) ¸ "&" "A" Returns a character string containing the character numbered integer from the TI-89 Titanium/Voyage™ 200 character set. See Appendix B for a complete listing of character codes. The valid range for integer ...
• Page 792
  ...CATALOG ClockOn Turns the clock ON. ClrDraw CATALOG ClrDraw Clears the Graph screen and resets the Smart Graph feature so that the next time the Graph screen is displayed, the graph will be redrawn. While viewing the Graph screen, you can clear all drawn items (such as lines and points)...
• Page 793
  ...command or were created with the Table command. (See Graph or Table.) Any previously selected Y= functions... the next time that the graph is displayed. ClrHome CATALOG ClrHome Clears all items stored... expanded numerator over a fully expanded denominator. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 793...
• Page 794
  ... variable var1 to var2. If var2 does not exist, CopyVar creates it. Note: CopyVar is similar to the store instruction (! ) when you are copying an expression, list, matrix, or character string except that no simplification takes place when using CopyVar....
• Page 795
  ... mode: cos([1,5,3;4,2,1;6,ë2,1]) ¸ Returns the matrix cosine of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the cosine of each element. When a scalar function f(A) operates on squareMatrix1 (A), the result is calculated by the algorithm: 1. Compute the eigenvalues (l i) and eigenvectors (...
• Page 796
  ...cosê(squareMatrix1) ⇒ squareMatrix Returns the matrix inverse cosine of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the inverse cosine of ...: cosh([1,5,3;4,2,1;6,ë2,1]) ¸ Returns the matrix hyperbolic cosine of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the hyperbolic cosine of ...
• Page 797
  ... cotangents of each element of list1. Lln(3) .518...ln(7/5) } { 2 2 crossP() MATH/Matrix/Vector ops menu ⇒ list crossP(list1, list2) Returns the cross ... column vectors. Both vectors must have equal dimension, and the dimension must be either 2 or 3. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 797
• Page 798
  ... for all real and non-real solutions. Even if equation is real, cSolve() allows non-real results in real mode. Although the TI-89 Titanium/Voyage™ 200 processes all undefined variables that do not end with an underscore (_) as if they were real, ...
• Page 799
  ...: The following examples use an underscore (¥ ) so that the variables will be treated as complex. cSolve(u_ùv_ìu_=v_ and v_^2=ëu_,{u_,v_}) ¸ u_=1/2 + or u_=1/2 ì 3 2 3 øi and v_=1/2 ì 3 2 3 øi 2 øi and v_=1/2 + øi 2 or u_=0 and v_=0 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 799
• Page 800
  ...(u_+v_=e^(w_) and u_ìv_= i, {u_,v_}) ¸ u_= e w_ 2 +1/2øi and v_= e w_ì i 2 cSolve(e^(z_)=w_ and w_=z_^2, {w_,z_}) ¸ w_=.494...and z_=ë.703... cSolve(e^(z_)=w_ and w_=z_^2, {w_,z_=1+ i}) ¸ w_=.149...+ 4.891...øi and z_=1.588...+ 1.540...øi 800 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 801
  ... {0,2,3,4}! L2 ¸ CubicReg L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ {0 1 2 3} {0 2 3 4} Done Calculates the cubic polynomial regression and updates all the statistics variables. All the lists ...¸ regeq(x)"y1(x) ¸ NewPlot 1,1,L1,L2 ¸ ¥% Done Done Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 801
• Page 802
  ..., and the second instance removes the menu. The menu is removed also when you change applications. "Lists" "List1" "Scores" "L3" "Fractions" "f(x)" "h(x)" "Graph" 802 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 803
  Cycle Cycle CATALOG Program listing: Transfers program control immediately to the next iteration of the current loop (For, While, or... 1 for circular or ë 1 for forward and backwards. Default = 1. 4Cylind MATH/Matrix/Vector ops menu [2,2,3] 4Cylind ¸ vector 4Cylind Displays the row or column ...
• Page 804
  ... both real and non-real zeros, as in the example to the right. Each row of the resulting matrix represents an alternate zero, with the components ordered the same as the varOrGuess list...2  cZeros({e^(z_)ìw_,w_ìz_^2}, {w_,z_}) ¸ [.494... ë.703...] 804 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 805
  ...w_,w_ìz_^2}, {w_,z_=1+ i}) ¸ [.149...+4.89...øi 1.588...+1.540...øi] d() 2 = key or ...,var [,order]) ⇒ list d (matrix1,var [,order]) ⇒ matrix d(f(x)ù g(x),x) ¸ d d dx(f(x))ø g(x) + dx(g(x))ø f(x)... Note: May not give accurate results for years Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 805
• Page 806
  ... equivalent of the argument expressed in degrees. The argument is a number, list, or matrix that is interpreted by the Mode setting in gradians, radians or degrees. {... is treated as decimal. The result is displayed in decimal, regardless of the Base mode. 806 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 807
  ... block also can include expressions and instructions (such as If, Then, Else, and For). This allows the function funcName() to use the Return instruction to return a specific result. Note: It is usually easier... block also can include expressions and instructions (such as If, Then, Else, and For...
• Page 808
  ... xñ +@3 2 When comparing your results with textbook or solve(ans(1),y) ¸ manual solutions, be aware that different x 2 + 2i@ 3 methods introduce arbitrary constants at different y=tanê points in the calculation, which may produce 2 different general solutions. ( )+@n1øp ) ...
• Page 809
  ... ë2 Returns the determinant of squareMatrix. Optionally, any matrix element is treated as zero if its absolute ... is omitted or not used, the default tolerance is calculated as: 5Eë 14 ù max(dim(squareMatrix))...) ¸ det(mat1,.1) ¸ 1.E20 [0 1 1] 0 1.E20 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 809...
• Page 810
  ... dim(list) ⇒ integer dim({0,1,2}) ¸ 3 Returns the dimension of list. dim(matrix) ⇒ list dim([1,ë 1,2;ë 2,3,5]) ¸ {2 3} Returns the dimensions of matrix as a ...") ¸ 5 11 Returns the number of characters contained in character string string. 810 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 811
  ... Note: To type an underscore ( _ ), press ¥  To type 4, press 2 . DispG DispG CATALOG In function graphing mode: Displays the current contents of the Graph screen. Program segment: © :5ù cos(x)! y1(x) :ë 10! xmin :10! xmax :ë 5!...
• Page 812
  ... Regraphing erases all drawn items. In function graphing mode and ZoomStd window: DrawFunc 1.... and y values on the x axis. x is the independent variable. In function graphing mode and ZoomStd window: DrawInv 1....¸ Note: Regraphing erases all drawn items. 812 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 813
  ..., expression2 [, tmin] [, tmax] [, tstep] In function graphing mode and ZoomStd window: DrawParm ...not alter the window settings. If the current graphing mode is not parametric, these three ...[, qmin] [, qmax] [, qstep] Draws the polar graph of expression, using q as the independent variable. Defaults...
• Page 814
  ...e^(1.) ¸ e^(3)^2 ¸ e 2.718...e9 Returns e raised to the expression1 power. Note: On the TI-89 Titanium, pressing ¥ s to display e^( is different from pressing j [E ] . On the Voyage 200, pressing 2s to display e^ is different from accessing the character e...
• Page 815
  ...(squareMatrix) In Rectangular complex format mode: Returns a matrix containing the eigenvectors for a [L1,2,5;3,L6,9;2,L5... EndIf © ElseIf can be used as a program instruction for program branching. EndCustm EndDlog EndFor ..., page 823. See If, page 830. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 815
• Page 816
  ...5x+y) ¸ 1/4 333333 1000000 1/3 7ø x +y 2 exact( expression1 [, tol]) ⇒ expression exact( list1 [, tol]) ⇒ list exact( matrix1 [, tol]) ⇒ matrix Uses Exact mode arithmetic regardless of the Exact/Approx mode setting to return, when possible, the rational-number equivalent of the argument. ...
• Page 817
  ... let you pass one or more arguments to the program. For more information, check the TI Web site: http://www.ti.com/calc Warning: Exec gives you access ... you make a backup of the calculator contents before attempting to use the Exec command. Exit Exit CATALOG Program listing: Exits ...
• Page 818
  ... ¸ xñ + x + 3 Returns the character string contained in string as an expression and immediately executes it. expr("expand((1+x)^2)") ¸ xñ + 2ø x + 1 "Define cube(x)=x^3"! funcstr ¸ "Define cube(x)=x^3" expr(funcstr) ¸ cube(2) ¸ Done 8 818 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 819
  ExpReg MATH/Statistics/Regressions menu ExpReg list1, list2 [, [list3] [, list4, list5]] In function graphing mode: {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}! L1 ¸ ... L2 ¸ ExpReg L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ {1 2 ...} Done Calculates the exponential regression and updates all the system statistics variables. All the lists must...
• Page 820
  ...has more than five digits. Fill MATH/Matrix menu Fill expression, matrixVar .... floor(list1) ⇒ list floor(matrix1) ⇒ matrix floor({3/2,0,ë 5.3}) ¸ {1 0 ë 6.} floor([1.2,3.4;2.5,4.8]) ¸ 1. 3. [2. 4.] Returns .... Note: See also ceiling() and int(). 820 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions...
• Page 821
  ...x = 1. x=0 FnOff FnOff CATALOG Deselects all Y= functions for the current graphing mode. In split-screen, two-graph mode, FnOff only... deselects y1(x) and y3(x). Deselects the specified Y= functions for the current graphing mode. In parametric graphing mode: FnOff 1,3 ¸ deselects xt1(t), yt1(t),...
• Page 822
  ...-graph mode, FnOn only applies to the active graph. FnOn [1] [, 2] ...[,99] Selects the specified Y= functions for...graphing mode. Note: In 3D graphing mode, only one function at a time can be selected.... any previously selected function. In the other graph modes, previously selected functions are not ...
• Page 823
  .... Func Func CATALOG block EndFunc In function graphing mode, define a piecewise function: Define g(x)=...Else:Return 3ì x:EndIf:EndFunc ¸ Graph g(x) ¸ Required as the first statement in a multistatement ... Note: when() also can be used to define and graph piecewise-defined functions. gcd() MATH/...
• Page 824
  ...port and stores it in variable var on the receiving TI-89 Titanium. If the port is not specified, or... data from either port. If port = 1, the TI-89 Titanium waits for data from the USB port. If port = 2, the TI-89 Titanium waits for data from the I/O port. getConfg() CATALOG ⇒ ListPairs getConfg...
• Page 825
  ... a string. getFold()! oldfoldr ¸ oldfoldr ¸ getKey() CATALOG ⇒ integer getKey() Program listing: :Disp :Loop : getKey()!key : while key=0 : getKey()!key :... of the key that follows them. For example 2 Ù. For a listing of key codes, see Appendix B. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 825
• Page 826
  getMode() CATALOG getMode("angle") ¸ getMode("graph") ¸ "RADIAN" "FUNCTION" getMode(modeNameString) ... of setMode() or getMode(). getMode("all") ¸ {"Graph" "FUNCTION" "Display Digits" "FLOAT 6" "Angle"... 1 App" "Home" "Split 2 App" "Graph" "Number of Graphs" "1" "Graph 2" "FUNCTION" "Split Screen ...
• Page 827
  ... type Expression (includes complex/arbitrary/undefined TRUE, FALSE, pi, e) Function Graph data base List Matrix Variable does not exist Real number ... software applications Picture Program String Text type Name of another variable Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 827
• Page 828
  ... to the label labelName. labelName must be defined in the same program using a Lbl instruction. 4Grad CATALOG/MATH/Angle menu 4 Grad expression In Degree angle mode: 1.66667G ... 4Grad ¸ In Radian angle mode: 1.5 4Grad ¸ 95.493G 828 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 829
  Graph CATALOG Graph expression1[, expression2] [, var1] [, var2] The Smart Graph feature graphs the requested expressions/ functions using the current graphing mode. Expressions entered using the Graph or Table commands are assigned increasing function numbers starting with 1. They can...
• Page 830
  ...(4) ¸ Returns the identity matrix with a dimension of expression. expression must evaluate to a positive integer. 1 0 0 0 Program segment: © :If... list imag({ë3,4ëi,i}) ¸ {0 ë1 1} Returns a list of the imaginary parts of the elements. 830 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 831
  ... #(), page 908. CATALOG Program segment: Pauses the program, displays the current Graph screen, and lets you ... for polar coordinate mode) by positioning the graph cursor. When you press ¸, the program resumes. © :¦ Get 10 points from the Graph :For i,1,10 : Input : xc! XLIST[i] : yc! YLIST[i] :...
• Page 832
  ... integer int(list1) ⇒ list int(matrix1) ⇒ matrix int(ë 2.5) ¸ int([-1.234,0,0.37]) ... can be a real or a complex number. For a list or matrix, returns the greatest integer of each of the elements....if the clock is ON. Returns false if the clock is OFF. 832 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 833
  ...the name labelName in the program. You can use a Goto labelName instruction to transfer program control to the instruction immediately following the label. labelName must meet the same naming requirements as a variable name. Appendix A: Functions...
• Page 834
  ..., list2) ⇒ list lcm(matrix1, matrix2) ⇒ matrix lcm(6,9) ¸ 18 Returns the least ... limit(matrix1, var, point[, direction]) ⇒ matrix Returns the limit requested. direction: negative=...((sin(x+h)-sin(x))/h,h,0) ¸ cos(x) limit((1+1/n)^n,n,ˆ) ¸ e 834 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 835
  ...Line xStart, yStart, xEnd, yEnd[, drawMode] Displays the Graph screen and draws, erases, or inverts a ...[, drawMode] In a ZoomStd window: LineHorz 2.5 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and draws, erases, or inverts a ... erases all drawn items. See also PxlHorz. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 835
• Page 836
  ...also PxlVert. LinReg MATH/Statistics/Regressions menu LinReg list1, list2[, [list3] [, list4, list5]] In function graphing mode: {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}! L1 ...L2 ¸ LinReg L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ {0 2 3 ...} Done Calculates the linear regression and updates all the system statistics variables. All the lists...
• Page 837
  ... + pø i .182...ln(5)} ln(squareMatrix1) ⇒ squareMatrix Returns the matrix natural logarithm of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the natural logarithm of each element. For information about the calculation method, refer to ...
• Page 838
  ... list1, list2[, [list3] [, list4, list5]] In function graphing mode: Calculates the logarithmic regression and updates {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}! L1 ¸ all the system statistics variables. ...-c99 (columns in the last data variable shown in the Data/Matrix Editor). list5 does not have to be...
• Page 839
  ... 3,1.2,5}) ¸ {log(3)+ 1.364...( i .079...log(5)} Returns the matrix base-expression2 logarithm of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the base-expression2 logarithm of each element. For information about the calculation method, refer ...
• Page 840
  ...2.5 ...} Logistic L1,L2 ¸ Done ShowStat ¸ Calculates the logistic regression and updates all the system statistics variables. All the ...Note that the loop will be executed endlessly, unless a Goto or Exit instruction is executed within block. block is a sequence of statements separated...
• Page 841
  ...tol] [6,12,18;5,14,31;3,8,18]!m1 ¸ Calculates the Doolittle LU (lower-upper) decomposition of a real... matrix in uMatName, and the permutation matrix (which describes the row swaps done during the calculation) in pMatName. lMatName ù uMatName = pMatName ù matrix 6 5 3 LU m1,lower,upper,...
• Page 842
  ... of the corresponding element in list. mean(matrix1[, freqmatrix]) ⇒ matrix mean({1,2,3},{3,2,1}) ¸ 5/3 In vector format rectangular mode: mean([.2,0;L1... in the list or matrix must simplify to numbers. median([.2,0;1,ë.3;.4,ë.5]) ¸ [.4 ë.3] 842 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 843
  ... L2 ¸ MedMed L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ {0 1 2 ...} {0 2 3 ...} Done Calculates the median-median line and updates all the system statistics variables. All the lists ... or c1-c99 (columns in the last data variable shown in the Data/Matrix Editor). list5 does not have to be a variable ...
• Page 844
  ...MoveVar L1,Main,Games ¸ Done mRow() MATH/Matrix/Row ops menu ...index of matrix1 multiplied by expression. [ë 1 1 2 ë 4/3] mRowAdd() MATH/Matrix/Row ops menu mRowAdd(expression,... index2 [0 1 2 L2] mRowAdd(n,[a,b;c,d],1,2) ¸ a b [aø n+c bø n+d] 844 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions...
• Page 845
  ... the data variable below.) expressions that resolve to lists, or list variable names. NewData makes the new variable current in the Data/Matrix Editor. NewData dataVar, matrix Creates data variable dataVar based on matrix. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 845
• Page 846
  ... folderName, and then sets the current folder to that folder. After you execute this instruction, you are in the new folder. newList() CATALOG ⇒ list newList(numElements) newList(4) ¸ {0 0 0 0} Returns a list with a dimension of numElements....
• Page 847
  ...mark] [, bucketSize]] Creates a new plot definition for plot number n. type specifies the type of the graph plot. 1 = scatter plot 2 = xyline plot 3 = box... functions and stat plots (FnOff and PlotsOff) in the current graphing mode. • Perfoms ClrDraw, ClrErr, ClrGraph, ClrHome, ...
• Page 848
  ...(nInt(e^(ë xù y)/‡(x^2ì y^2), y,ë x,x),x,0,1) ¸ 3.304... norm() MATH/Matrix/Norms menu ⇒ expression norm(matrix) norm([a,b;c,d]) ¸ añ +bñ +cñ +dñ norm([1,2;3,4]) ¸ 30 Returns the ... arguments must be the same size list. {20 24 6} 848 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 849
  ... two matrices. The arguments must be the same size matrix. [12 30 20 6] nSolve() MATH/Algebra... OneVar list1 [[, list2] [, list3] [, list4]] Calculates 1-variable statistics and updates all the system ... have to be a variable name and cannot be c1- c99. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 849
• Page 850
  ... i, rand(100),"Hello" :EndFor © Displays exprOrString (an expression or character string) on the Program I/O screen at the text coordinates (row, column). An expression can include ...the Home screen, or a program can use DispHome. Result after execution: 850 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 851
  ...rList, qList) ⇒ list P4Ry(rMatrix, qMatrix) ⇒ matrix In Radian angle mode: P4Ry(r,q) ¸ ... press ¥ ¸, the numeric value of pù x is calculated, the result is added to 3, and then the cosine is calculated. cos() is the top-level operator because it is applied last. part(expression1) ⇒ number ...
• Page 852
  ...instead of xøy. When you extract sub-expressions from a matrix, remember that matrices are stored as lists of lists... can help teach you how to differentiate manually. You could even include functions... seq(d(part(y,k),x), k,1,part(y)) :Return undef :EndFunc 852 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions...
• Page 853
  ... ¸ Done Done Turns off the specified plots for graphing. When in 2-graph mode, only affects the active graph. ... 2-graph mode, only affects the active graph. If you do not include any arguments, ...a row or a column. Note: 4Polar is a display-format instruction, not a conversion function. You can use ...
• Page 854
  ... must be character strings: {item1String, item2String, item3String, ...} If var already exists and has a valid item number, that item is displayed as the default choice. itemList must contain at least one choice. PopUp {"1990","1991","1992"},var1 ¸ 854 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 855
  PowerReg MATH/Statistics/Regressions menu PowerReg list1, list2[, [list3] [, list4, list5]] In function graphing mode: {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}! L1 ¸ ... L2 ¸ PowerReg L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ {1 2 3 ...} Done Calculates the power regression and updates all the system statistics variables. All the lists must ...
• Page 856
  ...through PtText show continuing similar examples. Displays the Graph screen and reverses the screen PtChg 2,4 ...y PtOff xList, yList PtOff 2,4 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and turns off the screen pixel ...y PtOn xList, yList PtOn 3,5 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and turns on the screen pixel nearest...
• Page 857
  ... PtText string, x, y PtText "sample",3,5 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and places the character string string... PxlChg rowList, colList PxlChg 2,4 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and reverses the pixel at pixel ... row [, drawMode] PxlHorz 25,1 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and draws a horizontal line ...
• Page 858
  ... ¸ PxlOff 25,50 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and turns off the pixel ... PxlOn 25,50 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and turns on the pixel at pixel ... text",20,10 ¸ Displays the Graph screen and places character string ... all drawn items. See also LineVert. 858 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 859
  ...Matrix menu QR matrix, qMatName, rMatName[ , tol] Calculates the Householder QR factorization of a real ...omitted or not used, the default tolerance is calculated as: 5Eë 14 ù max(dim(matrix)) ù rowNorm(matrix) The floating-point number (9.) in m1 causes results to be calculated in floating-point...
• Page 860
  ...¥% Done Done QuartReg MATH/Statistics/Regressions menu QuartReg list1, list2[, [list3] [, list4, list5]] In function graphing mode: {ë 2,ë ...3 1 ...} Done QuartReg L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ Calculates the quartic polynomial regression and updates the system statistics variables. All the lists must...
• Page 861
  R4Pq() MATH/Angle menu R4Pq (xExpression, yExpression) ⇒ expression R4Pq (xList, yList) ⇒ list R4Pq (xMatrix, yMatrix) ⇒ matrix In Degree angle mode: R8Pq(x,y) ¸ Returns the equivalent q-coordinate of the (x,y) pair arguments. Note: The result is returned as a degree, gradian or radian ...
• Page 862
  ... ¸ Done Restores all the settings stored in the Graph database variable GDBvar. For a listing of the settings, ...CATALOG RclPic picVar [, row, column] Displays the Graph screen and adds the picture stored ... are treated as real variables. See also imag(). 862 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 863
  ... real parts of all elements. real( matrix1) ⇒ matrix real([a+iù b,3;c,i]) ¸ Returns the real parts of all elements. [c 0] a 3 4Rect MATH/Matrix/Vector ops menu vector 4Rect Displays ...a row or a column. Note: 4Rect is a display-format instruction, not a conversion function. You can use...
• Page 864
  ... user to type in data. If it is a stand-alone instruction, it creates a dialog box for this input. In either ... choice. promptString must be { 20 characters. This instruction can be stand-alone or part of a dialog ... answer:EndFunc ¸ factoral(3) ¸ Done 6 864 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 865
  ... a copy of list1 rotated right or left by #of Rotations elements. Does not alter list1. If #of Rotations is positive, the rotation is to the left. If #of Rotations is negative, the rotation is to the right. The default is ë 1 (rotate right one element). Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 865
• Page 866
  ... ¸ {3.1416 1.4142 .6931} round([ln(5),ln(3);p,e^(1)],1) ¸ Returns a matrix of the elements rounded to the specified number of digits. [3.1 2.7] 1.6 1.1 ... elements must simplify to numbers. See also colNorm(). rowNorm([-5,6,-7;3,4,9;9,-9,-7]) ¸ 25 866 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 867
  ... CATALOG RplcPic picVar[, row][, column] Clears the Graph screen and places picture picVar at ... pictures, only the area affected by the new picture is cleared. rref() MATH/Matrix menu rref(matrix1[,... tol is omitted or not used, the default tolerance is calculated as: 5Eë 14 ù max(dim(matrix1)) ...
• Page 868
  ... value. The receiving unit must be on the Home screen or must execute GetCalc from a program. If you send from a TI-89, TI-92 Plus, or Voyage™ 200 to a TI-92, an error occurs if the TI-92 executes GetCalc from a program. In this case, the sending unit must use SendChat instead....
• Page 869
  .... If the port is not specified, or port = 0 is specified, the TI-89 Titanium sends data using the USB port if connected... it will send using the I/O port. If port = 1, the TI-89 Titanium sends data using the USB port only. If port = 2, the TI-89 Titanium sends data using the I/O port only. SendChat ...
• Page 870
  ... ⇒ string setGraph(modeNameString, settingString) Sets the Graph mode modeNameString to settingString, and returns ... available in Sequence, 3D, or Diff Equations graph mode. Also not available in Function..." set to "On." 2 Not available in 3D graph mode. 870 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions...
• Page 871
  3 4 5 Applies only to 3D graph mode. Applies only to Sequence graph mode. Applies only to Diff Equations graph mode. 6 Applies only to Function graphing mode, when "Graph Order" is set to "Seq." setMode() CATALOG ⇒ string setMode(modeNameString, settingString) ...
• Page 872
  ..."Full", "Top-Bottom", "Left-Right" "Home", "Y= Editor", "Window Editor", "Graph", "Table", "Data/Matrix Editor", "Program Editor", "Text Editor", "Numeric ... App" "Home", "Y= Editor", "Window Editor", "Graph", "Table", "Data/Matrix Editor", "Program Editor", "Text Editor", "Numeric ...
• Page 873
  ... on the situation, create separate lists and save them to unique list names. To use a set of defaults, specify that list name in setUnits(). You can use setUnits() to restore settings previously saved with setUnits() ! var or with getUnits() ! var. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 873
• Page 874
  ...Shade cos(x),sin(x) ¸ Displays the Graph screen, graphs expr1 and expr2, and ...Note: Interactive shading is available on the Graph screen through the Shade instruction. Automatic shading of a specific function is available through the Style instruction. Shade is not valid in 3D graphing mode. " Done...
• Page 875
  .... Statistics results are cleared automatically if the data to compute them has changed. Use this instruction after a statistics calculation, such as LinReg. {1,2,3,4,5}! L1 ¸ {0,2,6,10,25}! L2 ¸ TwoVar L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ {1 2 3 4 5} {0...
• Page 876
  ... of linear equations. coeffMatrix must be a square matrix that contains x + 2y = 1 3x + 4y = ë 1 ë3 simult...tol is omitted or not used, the default tolerance is calculated as: 5Eë 14 ù max(dim(coeffMatrix))... mode: sin(p/4) ¸ sin(45¡) ¸ ‡2 2 ‡2 2 876 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions...
• Page 877
  ... angle mode: sin([1,5,3;4,2,1;6,ë2,1]) ¸ Returns the matrix sine of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the sine of each element. ... mode: sinh([1,5,3;4,2,1;6,ë2,1]) ¸ Returns the matrix hyperbolic sine of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the hyperbolic sine of ...
• Page 878
  ... angle mode: sinhê([1,5,3;4,2,1;6,ë2,1]) ¸ Returns the matrix inverse hyperbolic sine of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the inverse hyperbolic sine of ... ¸ seq(x,x,1,361,30)!L1 ¸ Calculates the sinusoidal regression and updates all the system statistics variables. All the ...
• Page 879
  ... with each other or with other Boolean expressions. Solutions might contain a unique new undefined variable of the form @nj with j being an integer in the interval 1-255. Such ...or - variable = real or non-real number For example, x is valid and so is x=3. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 879
• Page 880
  ... number of equations, and all other variables in the equations must simplify to numbers. solve(x+e^(z)ùy=1 and xìy=sin(z),{x,y}) ¸ x= ezøsin(z)+1 ë (sin(z)ì 1) and y= e z +1 e z +1 solve(e^(z)ùy=1 and ëy=sin(z),{y,z}) ¸ y=.041...and z=3.183... 880 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 881
  ... additional arguments, sorts the elements of each so that their new positions match the new positions of the elements in the first argument. All arguments ...list2 ¸ list1 ¸ list2 ¸ {2 1 4 3} {1 2 3 4} Done {4 3 2 1} {3 4 1 2} 4Sphere MATH/Matrix/Vector ops menu vector 4Sphere Displays the row ...
• Page 882
  ... ¸ stdDevPop({1.3,2.5,L6.4},{3,2,5}) ¸ stdDevPop(matrix1[, freqmatrix]) ⇒ matrix Returns a row vector of the population standard deviations of...two rows. stdDevPop([[1,2,5][-3,0,1][.5,.7,3]]) ¸ stdDevPop([L1.2,5.3;2.5,7.3;6,L4],[4, 2;3,3;1,7]) ¸ 882 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 883
  StoGDB CATALOG StoGDB GDBvar Creates a Graph database (GDB) variable that contains the current: * Graphing mode * Y= ... graph environment. *Note: These items are saved for both graphs in 2-Graph mode. Stop Stop CATALOG Program segment: Used as a program instruction to stop program execution. © ...
• Page 884
  ..."Animate", "Path", "Above", or "Below". Note: In function graphing mode, these examples set the style of...Thick" and y10(x) to "Path". Note that in parametric graphing, only the xt half of the pair contains ...style information. Valid style names vs. graphing mode: Function: Parametric/Polar: Sequence:...
• Page 885
  .... If integer1 is omitted, switches windows and returns the previously active window number. integer1 is ignored if the TI-89 Titanium/Voyage™ 200 is not displaying a split screen. switch() ¸ T (transpose) MATH/Matrix menu ⇒ matrix matrix1î ...
• Page 886
  Table CATALOG Table expression1[, expression2] [, var1] In function graphing mode. Table 1.25xù cos(x) ¸ Builds a table of the specified expressions or functions. The expressions in the table can also be graphed. Expressions entered using the Table or Graph commands are assigned ...
• Page 887
  ...: tanê([1,5,3;4,2,1;6,ë2,1]) ¸ Returns the matrix inverse tangent of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the inverse tangent of ...: tanh([1,5,3;4,2,1;6,ë2,1]) ¸ Returns the matrix hyperbolic tangent of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the hyperbolic tangent of ...
• Page 888
  ... of each element of list1. tanhê(squareMatrix1) ⇒ squareMatrix Returns the matrix inverse hyperbolic tangent of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating the inverse hyperbolic tangent of each element. For information about the calculation ...
• Page 889
  ... inside that dialog box. If used as a standalone instruction, Text creates a dialog box to display ... menu choice to branch to a specified label inside the program. :EndDlog © "This is a dialog box" "Your name",... you were born", seq(string(i),i,1,12),Var1 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 889
• Page 890
  ... select temperature units from a menu, press 2 9 For example, a 100_¡C range (from 0_¡C to 100_¡C) is equivalent to a 180_¡F range: 100_ ¡C 0 100 _¡C _¡F 32 180_ ¡F 212 To convert a particular temperature value instead of a range, use tmpCnv(). 890 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 891
  ... three choices that branch to three places in the program. Trace Trace CATALOG Draws a Smart Graph and places the trace cursor on the first defined Y= function at ...¦Already exists : ClrErr :EndTry © Note: See ClrErr and PassErr. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 891
• Page 892
  ... L1 ¸ {0 1 2 ...} {0,2,3,4,3,4,6}! L2 ¸ TwoVar L1,L2 ¸ ShowStat ¸ {0 2 3 ...} Done Calculates the TwoVar statistics and updates all the system statistics variables. ... variables. Note: The variables can be locked using the Lock command. 892 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 893
  ... where condition is true. Use an undef falseResult to define an expression that graphs only on an interval. when(x
• Page 894
  ... ! factoral(n) ¸ factoral(3) ¸ 3! ¸ Done 6 6 While CATALOG While condition Program segment: © :1! i :0! temp :While i
• Page 895
  ...[, row] [, column] Displays the picture stored in picVar on the current Graph screen. Uses xor logic for each pixel. Only those pixel positions that are exclusive to either the screen or the picture are turned on. This instruction turns off pixels that are turned on in both images. picVar must...
• Page 896
  ... +1 zeros({e^(z)ùyì1,ëyìsin(z)}, {y,z}) ¸ [.041... 3.183...] [.001...In function graphing mode: 1.25xù cos(x)! y1(x) ¸ ZoomStd:ZoomBox ¸ 6.281...] ZoomBox CATALOG ZoomBox Displays the Graph screen, lets you draw a box that defines a new viewing window, and updates the ...
• Page 897
  ...data) so that all statistical data points will be sampled, and displays the Graph screen. Note:...ZoomData ¸ ZoomDec CATALOG ZoomDec In function graphing mode: 1.25xù cos(x)! y1(x) ¸ ... the Graph screen with the origin centered on the screen. " ZoomDec ¸ Appendix A: Functions and Instructions ...
• Page 898
  ...(x)! y1(x) ¸ ZoomStd ¸ Done Displays the Graph screen, and calculates the necessary window dimensions for the dependent variables to view all the picture for the current...on the Zoom factors xFact and yFact. In 3D Graph mode, the magnitude is dependent on xFact, yFact, and zFact...
• Page 899
  ... y1(x) ¸ ZoomStd:ZoomOut ¸ Done Displays the Graph screen, lets you set a center point for a... CATALOG ZoomRcl Displays the Graph screen, and updates the viewing window using the settings stored with the ZoomSto instruction. ZoomSqr CATALOG ZoomSqr In function graphing mode: 1.25xù cos(x)! ...
• Page 900
  ... and then updates the viewing window. Function graphing: x: [ë 10, 10, 1], y: [ë 10, 10, 1] and ...24], x: [ë 10, 10, 1], y:[ë 10, 10, 1] Polar graphing: q: [0, 2p, p/24], x: [ë 10, 10, 1], y: [ë 10,... the settings. ZoomTrig CATALOG ZoomTrig In function graphing mode: 1.25xù cos(x)! y1(x) ¸ ...
• Page 901
  list1 + list2 ⇒ list matrix1 + matrix2 ⇒ matrix Returns a list (or matrix) containing the sums of corresponding elements in list1 and ... of expression and each element in list1. expression + matrix1 matrix1 + expression ⇒ ⇒ matrix matrix 20+[1,2;3,4] ¸ Returns a matrix with expression ...
• Page 902
  ù (multiply) p key 2ù 3.45 ¸ xù yù x ¸ {1.0,2,3}ù {4,5,6} ¸ {2
• Page 903
  ... each pair of corresponding elements in matrix1 and matrix2. expression .ì matrix1 returns a matrix that is the difference of expression and each element in matrix1. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 903
• Page 904
  ... exponent for the corresponding element in matrix1. expression . ^ matrix1 returns a matrix where each element in matrix1 is the exponent for expression. [a,2;b,3].^[c,4;5,d] ¸ ...a list or matrix, returns a list or matrix with each element divided by 100. 904 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 905
  ...= expression2 ⇒ Boolean expression list1 = list2 ⇒ Boolean list matrix1 = matrix2 ⇒ Boolean matrix Example function listing using math test symbols :g(x) :Func :If x�., returns comparisons element by element. Then 5 x>ë 5 and x
• Page 906
  ...Returns the factorial of the argument. For a list or matrix, returns a list or matrix of factorials of the elements. The TI-89 computes a numeric value for only nonnegative whole-number values. [6 24] 1 2 906 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 907
  ...² 3 3 xò 3 aø xò +c 3 ‰(1/(2ì cos(x)),x)! tmp(x) ¸ ClrGraph:Graph tmp(x):Graph 1/(2ì cos(x)):Graph ‡(3) (2tanê (‡(3)(tan(x/2)))/3) ¸ ‰() returns itself for pieces of expression1 that it cannot determine as an explicit finite combination of its built-...
• Page 908
  ‡() (square root) 2 ] key ‡ (expression1) ⇒ expression ‡ (list1) ⇒ list ‡(4) ¸ ‡({9,a,4}) ¸ 2 {3 ‡a 2} Returns the square root of the argument. For a list, returns the square roots of all the elements in list1.
• Page 909
  ...(gradian) MATH/Angle menu expression1 G ¡ ⇒ expression list1 G ¡ ⇒ list matrix1 G ¡ ⇒ matrix In Degree, Gradian or Radian mode: ‡2 cos(50G) ¸ 2 This...vector depending on the Vector Format mode setting: rectangular, cylindrical, or spherical. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 909
• Page 910
  ...original data type. Note: You can store a complex number to a variable without using _ . However, for best results in calculations such as cSolve() and cZeros(), the _ is recommended. 910 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 911
  ...,1]) ¸ Returns 10 raised to the power of squareMatrix1. This is not the same as calculating 10 raised to the power of each element. For information about the calculation method, refer to cos(). squareMatrix1 must be diagonalizable. The result 1.143...E7 9.956...E6 7....
• Page 912
  ...var does not exist, creates var and initializes it to expression, list, or matrix. If var already exists and if it is not locked...of ¦, to the end of the line, is the comment. © :¦ Get 10 points from the Graph screen :For i,1,10 ¦ This loops 10 times © 912 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions
• Page 913
  ... or hex number, you must enter the 0b or 0h prefix regardless of the Base mode. Without a prefix, a number is treated as decimal (base 10). Results are displayed according to the Base mode. 0b10+0hF+10 ¸ 0b11011 In Hex base mode: 0b10+0hF+10 ¸ 0h1B Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 913
• Page 914
  ... B: Technical Reference This section contains a comprehensive list of TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 error messages and character codes. It also includes information about how certain TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 operations are calculated. TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 Error Messages This ...
• Page 915
  ... low for sending or receiving Install new batteries before sending or receiving. Bound For the interactive graph math functions like ...the upper bound to define the search interval. 180 Break The ´ key was pressed during a long calculation or during program execution. 185 190 Checksum error Circular ...
• Page 916
  ...Excessive iteration Expected 2 or 3-element list or matrix Flash application extension (function or program) not found Flash ...390 400 405 410 420 430 440 Graph functions y1(x)...y99(x) not available in..."Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions" in the Calculator Home Screen module. 917 320 330...
• Page 917
  ... used for naming variables. Invalid list or matrix For example, a list inside a list such .... For example, Local cannot be used unless it is in a program or function. Invalid outside Loop..EndLoop... The necessary relocation data in the ASM (Assembly) program is missing or corrupted. Invalid syntax block...
• Page 918
  ... cable is connected firmly to both units. Matrix not diagonalizable Memory The calculation required more memory than was available at that time. If you get ...solution found Using the interactive math features (F5:Math) in the Graph application can give this error. For example, if you...
• Page 919
  Error Number 850 Description Program not found A program reference inside another program could .... Rand type functions not allowed in 3D graphing Recursion is limited to 255 calls deep Reserved name ... not available Sequence setup Signature error Singular matrix Slope fields need one selected function ...
• Page 920
  ...Domain of result may be larger Note: Domain of result may be smaller TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 Modes This section describes the modes of the TI-89 Titanium /Voyage™ 200 and lists the possible settings of each mode. These mode settings are displayed when you...
• Page 921
  ... about using folders, see Calculator Home Screen. 1:main Default folder included with the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200. 2: - Other folders are available only...-you can enter a number in any format. Internally, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 retains decimal numbers with 14...
• Page 922
  ...—10 3 Note: If you select NORMAL, but the answer cannot be displayed in the number of digits selected by Display Digits, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 displays the answer in SCIENTIFIC notation. If Display Digits = FLOAT, scientific notation will be ...
• Page 923
  ... into two parts. For example, you can display a graph and see the Y= Editor at the same time. 1:... whether both parts of a split screen can display graphs at the same time. 1 2 Only one part can ...the top or left part of the split screen, and Graph 2 sets the bottom or right part. The available choices ...
• Page 924
  ... fractional and symbolic expressions are calculated and displayed. By retaining rational and symbolic forms in the EXACT setting, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 increases precision by eliminating most numeric rounding errors. 1:AUTO Uses EXACT setting in ...
• Page 925
  ... Unit System, 3:CUSTOM. Language Lets you localize the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 into one of several languages, ... applications are installed. 1:English Default language included with the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 operating system (OS). 2: - Alternate languages are available only if the (...
• Page 926
  TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 Character Codes The char() function lets you refer to any character by its numeric character code. For example, to display 2 on the ... 74. 75. & 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104...
• Page 927
  TI-89 Titanium Key Codes The getKey() function returns a value that corresponds to the last key pressed, according to the tables shown in this section. For example, if your program contains a getKey() function, pressing 2 ˆ will return a value of 273. Table 1: Key Codes for Primary Keys Key None ...
• Page 928
  Table 1: Key Codes for Primary Keys Key None Assoc. Value Assoc. 13 258 61 149 173 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 CR P A K SPACE W V Q R S3 L M N G H I Modifier Û¤ Value Assoc. 13 80 65 75 32 87 86 81 50 83 76 77 78 71 72 73 2 Value Assoc. 4109 4354 39 159 4372 62 60 34 92 4147 58 4149 4150 ...
• Page 929
  Table 2: Arrow Keys (including diagonal movement) Key C B D A C and A C and B D and A D and B Normal 338 340 344 337 339 342 345 348 ¤ 16722 16724 16728 16721 16723 16726 16729 16732 2 4434 4436 4440 4433 4435 4438 4441 4444 ¥ 8530 8532 8536 8529 8531 8534 8537 8540 j 33106 33108 33112 33105 ...
• Page 930
  Table 1: Key Codes for Primary Keys Key None Assoc. Value 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 266 263 262 264 265 13 259 260 261 94 40 41 44 47 42 45 43 258 32 = BS 61 257 = BS Assoc. F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 MODE CLEAR LN ESC APPS CR SIN COS TAN ^ ( ) , / * + STO4 Modifier ¤ Value 268 269 270 271 ...
• Page 931
  ...8247 8248 8249 8257 39 COPY 176 WINDOW 159 FORMAT 8258 8259 8260 8261 8262 8263 38 151 190 124 34 59 NEW OPEN 95 63 64 UNITS CALC HOME GRAPH KEY 8264 8265 8266 8267 8268 8269 8270 8271 8272 8273 8274 Ï · ¶ µ ¨ © ª y z...
• Page 932
  Key None Assoc. S T U V W X Y Z s t u v w x y z Value 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 Assoc. S T U V W X Y Z Modifier ¤ Value 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Assoc. β # Table 9
• Page 933
  Table 2: Arrow Keys (including diagonal movement) Key C B D A C and A C and B D and A D and B Normal 338 340 344 337 339 342 345 348 ¤ 16722 16724 16728 16721 16723 16726 16729 16732 2 4434 4436 4440 4433 4435 4438 4441 4444 ¥ 8530 8532 8536 8529 8531 8534 8537 8540 , 33106 33108 33112 ...
• Page 934
  Table 5: Acute Accent Letters (prefixed by 2 E) Key A E I O U Y Assoc Normal 225 233 237 243 250 253 Û¤ 193 201 205 211 218 221 Table 6: Greek Letters (prefixed by 2 G) Key A B D E F G L M P R S T W X Y Z Assoc Normal 128 129 133 134 145 131 137 181 140 141 143 144 148 138 146 135 147 142 139...
• Page 935
  Table 7: Tilde Letters (prefixed by 2 N) Key N O Assoc. ñ õ Normal 241 245 Û¤ 209 Table 8: Caret Letters (prefixed by 2 O) Key A E I O U Assoc Normal 226 234 238 244 251 ¤ 194 202 206 212 219 Table 9: Umlaut Letters (prefixed by 2 U) Key A E I O U Y Assoc Normal 228 235 239 246 252 255 ...
• Page 936
  Entering Complex Numbers You can enter complex numbers in the polar form (rù, q), where r is the magnitude and q is the angle, or polar form r e i q. You can also enter complex numbers in rectangular form a+bi . Overview of Complex Numbers A complex number has real and imaginary components that ...
• Page 937
  Polar form rei q or (r,ùq) Parentheses are required for the (r
• Page 938
  ...set up a complex variable. Method 1: Use an underscore _ (TI-89 Titanium: ¥ , Voyage™ 200 2 ) as the last character in the variable ... Radian angle mode is recommended for complex number calculations. Internally, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 converts all entered trig values to radians, ...
• Page 939
  Accuracy Information To maximize accuracy, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 carries more digits internally than it displays. Computational Accuracy Floating-point ... system variables and reserved function names that are used by the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200. Only those system variables ...
• Page 940
  Graph y1(x)-y99(x)* xt1(t)-xt99(t)* ui1-ui99* tc xfact xmax ymax @x zscl ncontour ... ymin xres zmax eyeψ qstep t0 dtime nmin sysMath Graph Zoom zxmin zymin zxres ztmin ztmaxde zzmax zeyeψ ... znmax zxgrid zygrid zqstep zt0de zzmin zeyef zpltstrt Statistics x Gx2 Gy 2 medStat medy1 minY regCoef* Sx y ...
• Page 941
  Table tblStart @tbl tblInput Data/Matrix c1-c99 sysData* Miscellaneous main ok errornum Solver eqn*... section describes the Equation Operating System (EOSé) that is used by the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200. Numbers, variables, and functions are entered in a simple, straightforward sequence. EOS ...
• Page 942
  ... error message is displayed that indicates the missing element. For example, (1+2)/(3+4 will display the error message "Missing )." Note: Because the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 allows you to define your own functions, a variable name followed by an expression ...
• Page 943
  Regression Formulas This section describes how the statistical regressions are calculated. Least-Squares Algorithm Most of the regressions use non-linear recursive least-squares techniques to optimize the following cost function, which is...
• Page 944
  ... equation: y=a+b ln(x) Logistic Uses the least-squares algorithm to fit the model equation: y=a/(1+b*e^(c*x))+d MedMed Uses the median-median line (resistant line) technique to calculate summary points x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, and y3, and fits the model equation: y=ax+b where a is the slope and b is ...
• Page 945
  ... rectangle in the grid is treated similarly. Runge-Kutta Method For Runge-Kutta integrations of ordinary differential equations, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 uses the Bogacki-Shampine 3(2) formula as found in the journal Applied Math Letters, 2 (1989), pp....
• Page 946
  ... can be done, refer to Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations by L. F. Shampine (New York: Chapman & Hall, 1994). The TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 software does not adjust the step size to land on particular output points. Rather, it ...
• Page 947
  Battery Information The TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 uses two types of batteries: four alkaline batteries, and a lithium battery as a... four years. Note: To avoid loss of information stored in memory, the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage 200 must be off. Do not remove the alkaline ...
• Page 948
  Replacing the Alkaline Batteries in the TI-89 Titanium 1. If the TI-89 Titanium is on, turn it off (press 2 ®) to avoid loss of information stored in memory. 2. Slide the ... latch snaps closed. Replacing the Lithium Battery in the TI-89 Titanium To replace the lithium backup battery, remove ...
• Page 949
  ... place a finger on the lithium battery and pry the battery out. Slide in a new CR1616 or CR1620 battery, positive (+) side up. Press firmly to snap the new lithium battery into place. AAA alkaline battery compartment Lithium battery Appendix B: Technical...
• Page 950
  ... If you have difficulty operating the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200, the following suggestions may ...The PAUSE indicator is displayed. A graph or program is paused and the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage 200 is ... they are fresh. An error message is displayed. The TI-89 Titanium / Voyage 200 does not appear ...
• Page 951
  If: The TI-89 Titanium appears to be "locked up" and will not respond to keyboard input. Suggested action: The following action clears RAM. This erases all data, programs, and user-defined variables, functions, or folders. Press and hold A, B, and 2. Then press and release ´. The ...
• Page 952
  ...( ) function. Example 1: A program using alpha parameter/mode strings: setMode("Graph","Sequence") Example 2: The same program, substituting digits for those strings: setMode("1","4") Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 955
• Page 953
  setMode( ) and getMode( ) Parameter/Mode Setting ALL Strings 0 Graph FUNCTION PARAMETRIC POLAR SEQUENCE 3D DIFF EQUATIONS 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 DisplayDigits FIX 0 FIX 1 FIX 2 FIX 3 FIX 4 FIX 5 FIX 6 FIX 7 FIX 8 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 956
• Page 954
  Parameter/Mode Setting FIX 9 FIX 10 FIX 11 FIX 12 FLOAT FLOAT 1 FLOAT 2 FLOAT 3 FLOAT 4 FLOAT 5 FLOAT 6 FLOAT 7 FLOAT 8 FLOAT 9 FLOAT 10 FLOAT 11 FLOAT 12 Angle RADIAN Strings 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 3 1 Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 957
• Page 955
  Parameter/Mode Setting DEGREE GRADIAN Exponential Format NORMAL SCIENTIFIC ENGINEERING Complex Format REAL RECTANGULAR POLAR Vector Format RECTANGULAR CYLINDRICAL SPHERICAL Pretty Print OFF ON SplitScreen FULL Strings 2 3 4 1 2 3 5 1 2 3 6 1 2 3 7 1 2 8 1 Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 958
• Page 956
  ...Split1App (applications are not numbered) Split2App (applications are not numbered) Number of Graphs 1 2 Parameter/Mode Setting Graph 2 FUNCTION PARAMETRIC POLAR SEQUENCE 3D DIFF_EQUATIONS Split Screen Ratio 1:1 1:2 Appendix C: Programmer's Guide Strings 2 3 9 10 11 1 2 Strings 12 1 ...
• Page 957
  Parameter/Mode Setting 2:1 Exact/Approx AUTO EXACT APPROXIMATE Base DEC HEX BIN Strings 3 14 1 2 3 15 1 2 3 Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 960
• Page 958
  setGraph( ) Parameter/Mode Setting Coordinates RECT POLAR OFF Graph Order SEQ SIMUL Strings 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 Grid OFF ON Axes 3 1 2 4 In 3D Mode: OFF AXES BOX 1 2 3 Not in 3D Mode: OFF 1 Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 961
• Page 959
  ON 2 5 1 2 6 1 1 7 1 2 3 8 1 2 9 1 2 3 10 1 Leading Cursor OFF ON Labels OFF ON Seq Axes TIME WEB Custom Solution Method RK EULER Fields SLPFLD DIRFLD FLDOFF DE Axes TIME Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 962
• Page 960
  Y1-VS-Y2 T-VS-Y' Y-VS-Y' Y1-VS-Y2' Y1'-VS-Y2' 2 3 4 5 6 11 1 2 3 4 5 XR Style WIRE FRAME HIDDEN SRUFACE CONTOUR LEVELS WIRE AND CONTOUR IMPLICIT PLOT Appendix C: Programmer's Guide 963
• Page 961
  setTable( ) Parameter/Mode Setting Graph Table OFF ON Independent AUTO ASK Strings 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 Axes 964
• Page 962
  Appendix D: Service and Warranty Information Texas Instruments Support and Service For general information Home Page: education.ti.com education.ti.com...e-mail: Phone (not toll-free): education.ti.com/support education.ti.com/support (972) 917-8324 965 Appendix D: ...
• Page 963
  ...) or contact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor. Texas Instruments (TI) Warranty Information Customers in the... One-Year Limited Warranty for Commercial Electronic Product This Texas Instruments ("TI") electronic product warranty extends only to the original purchaser and user of the ...
• Page 964
  ...or replaced with a reconditioned model of an equivalent quality (at TI's option) when the product is returned, postage prepaid, to Texas Instruments Service Facility. The warranty of the repaired or replacement unit will continue for the warranty of the ...
• Page 965
  ...the original purchaser and user of the product. Warranty Duration. This Texas Instruments electronic product is warranted to the original purchaser for ...one (1) year from the original purchase date. Warranty Coverage. This Texas Instruments electronic product is warranted against defective materials ...
• Page 966
  ...the warranty statement enclosed with this product, or contact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor. Battery Precautions Take these precautions when replacing batteries Do not leave batteries within the reach of children. Do not mix new and used batteries. Do not mix brands...
• Page 967
  TI-89 Titanium Shortcut Keys General ¥O List of Flash applications Toggle between last two chosen applications or split screens Lighten or darken contrast Calculate approximate answer Move cursor to top or bottom (in editors) Scroll tall objects in history Highlight left or right from cursor (in ...
• Page 968
  ...Cut Copy Paste ¥1-¥6 Display FORMATS dialog box Copy graph coordinates to Home screen history Create new variable Open existing variable Save copy as Lighten or darken contrast Calculate approximate answer Turn off unit so that it returns to current ...
• Page 969
  ... Differences There are certain differences in keystrokes using the TI-89 Titanium / Voyage™ 200 for various operations. The ... shows the keystrokes for major commands for the two calculators. FUNCTION LETTERS @ TI-89 Titanium H Voyage 200 One lowercase letter (a-s, u, v, w) One lowercase letter ...
• Page 970
  θ (Theta) | ("With") ' (Prime) ° (Degree)
• Page 971
  ... ...911 (', prime ...911 ()( ), sum ...266, 909 (*( ), integrate 80, 240, 242, 243, 247, 266, ...267, 908 (*, multiply ...903 (*f(x)dx (graph math tool) ...331, 334 (+, add ...901 (,-- (function keys) moving among toolbar menus ...55 selecting categories ...28, 31 selecting menus ...49 uses ...14 ...
• Page 972
  ...49 entering special characters ...10 key command ...17 selecting characters ...10 (2 K calculator Home screen ...24 entering commands ...22 exiting the split-screen mode ...64 key command ...17 turning off the calculator ...7 (4, convert ...283, 912 (4Bin, display as binary ...681, 790 (...
• Page 973
  ...) ...220 APD (Automatic Power Down) ...146 APD (Automatic Power Down) feature during calculation or program ...8 turning on after ...8 append, & ...602, 908 APPLICATIONS ... 188, 203, 241 approximate, approx( ) ...256 Apps (calculator software applications) deleting ...67 icon highlighted, ...
• Page 974
  ... split-screen status ...37 turning off ...39 turning off the calculator ...7 arbitrary integer, @ ...276, 277 Arc (graph math tool) 331, 337, ... mode status ...38 Automatic Power Down (APD) feature during calculation or program ...8 in OS download mode ...69 turning on after ...8 ...
• Page 975
  ... 716, 733, 737 Calc menu ...265 calculator Home screen 2 K ...17 changing entry/answer......17 toolbar menus ...49 turning off the calculator ...7 calculator software applications (Apps) 7 icons ...5... Calculator-Based Ranger See CBR Calculator-Based Ranger system connecting ...68 C calculus operations...
• Page 976
  get/return, Get ...825 programs ...633 send list variable, Send ...869 statistical data ...568, 569 CBR system connecting ...68 programs ...761 ceiling( ), ceiling ...791 ceiling, ceiling( ) ...749 certificate 724, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736 Certificate revision (Cert. Rev.) ...234 ...
• Page 977
  colNorm( ), matrix column norm ...794 combinations, nCr( ) ...846 comDenom( ), common denominator 795 command mark ...661 command scripts ...210, 661, 664 activity ...752 commands Flash Apps ...21 Key ...10, 12 comment, | ...581, 913 common denominator, comDenom( ) 256, ...257, 264 complex factor, ...
• Page 978
  csch/( ),inverse hyperbolic cosecant 800 cSolve( ), complex solve ...240, 800 cSolve(
• Page 979
  ... ...875 sorting columns ...535 statistical plots ...551 values ...523, 524 data/matrix editor ...469 ..., 267 numeric derivative, nDeriv( ) 266, 846 Derivatives (graph math tool) . 331, 334, 346, ...353 ..., 444 FLDOFF, field off ...415, 424, 451 graphing ...410-452 initial conditions ...421 second order ...
• Page 980
  ...582, 620, 636, ...812 DispG, display graph ...620, 627, 812 DispHome, display Home screen ...620, 812 display graph, DispG ...620, 627, 812 Home... DispTbl, display table ...812 Distance (graph math tool) 331, 335, 346... ...631, 836 lines ...492, 494 on a graph ...629 parametric, DrawParm 487, 632...
• Page 981
  ... 803 811 823 824 831 loop, EndLoop ...614, 841 program, EndPrgm ...128, 591, 856 toolbar, EndTBar ...621,... 831 EndLoop, end loop ...614, 841 EndPrgm, end program ...128, 591, 856 EndTBar, end toolbar ...621, ... ...666, 670, 674, 675 error conditions after APD ...8 errors and troubleshooting ...952 11
• Page 982
  ...using the keyboard map ...12, 13 examples, previews, activities 3D graphing ...101, 750 additional graphing topics ...110 angle modes ...81 baseball ...763 CBL 2 program ...761 ... sequence ...373 finding roots ...75 function graphing ...86, 89 graphing functions ...87 implicit derivatives ......
• Page 983
  parametric graphing ...94, 764 path of a ball ...94 polar rose ...96 pole-corner ...second-order differential equation . . 427, ...444 sequence graphing ...98 solving inequalities ...78 solving linear ...of money ...771 trees and forest ...98 tutorial script with the text editor . 752 variable management ...
• Page 984
  ... field off, FLDOFF ...415, 424, 451 field picture, fldpic ...419 Fill, matrix fill ...821 Flash applications . . 181, 195, 273, 689, 690, ...693 ... delete, DelFold ...596, 808 get/return, getFold( ) ...826 locking/unlocking ...703 new, NewFold ...597, 847 pasting name ...705, 706 renaming ...700, 703 ...
• Page 985
  ... in ...64 FUNC (function) mode ...38 Func, program function ...587, 824 function keys (,--) moving......49 functions ...21, 159 delayed simplification ...247 graphing ...302 maximum, fMax( ) ...240, 266, 822 .../return CBL2/CBR value ...825 get/return G calculator, GetCalc . . 634, 727, 728, 825 CBL/CBR...
• Page 986
  ...Gradian angle mode ...81 gradian,G ...910 graph mode ...18, 38 number mode ...graph format ...316, 414 Graph, graph ...830 graph, Graph ...309, 473, 480,...graphs number of ...62, 64 graphs and graphing *f(x)dx ...331, 334 3D ...375... on, FnOn ...627, 823 graph databases ...503 graph, Graph ...473, 628, 830...
• Page 987
  ... ...941 polar ...340 programs ...627 QuickCenter ...324 recall graph database, RclGDB ... shading, Shade ...632, 875 simultaneous graphs ...481 split screen ...482, 485,..., 351, 359, ...379 Y= editor 86, 89, 305, 343, 349, 356, 377,... characters ...10, 657, 658 Grid graph format ...316 H Hand modifier key...
• Page 988
  ...27 Home icon ...24 Home screen ...205 Home screen. See calculator home screen hyperbolic arccosine cosh/( ) ...798 arcsine,... (2 /) ...16 inString( ), within string ...602, 833 instructions ...159 calculator Home screen ...24 Catalog ...21 insufficient display memory, . 229 int( ), integer ......
• Page 989
  ... ...656, 657 keys function ...14 label, Lbl ...593, 609, 616 Labels graph format ...316 Language mode ...189, 926 language mode changing mode setting ...19..., 218 Lbl, label ...834 lcm, least common multiple ...835 Leading Cursor graph format ...316 least common multiple, lcm ...835 left( ), left ......
• Page 990
  ... table ...740 linking and transmitting ...869, 870 calculator to calculator 633, 716, 718, ...719, 721, ... send list variable, Send ...635, 869 send to calculator, SendCalc ...634, 727, ...728 variables ...719, ......843 mid-string, mid( ) ...844 minimum, min( ) ...845 new data, NewData ...597, 846 new, ...
• Page 991
  ...( ) ...794 copying ...537 cumulative sum, cumSum( ) ...803 data from a graph ...469 determinant, det( ) ...810 diagonal, diag( ) ...811 ...( ) ...866, 885 transpose, T ...886 matrix to list, mat4list( ) ...843 max( ), maximum ...843 Maximum (graph math tool) ...331, 333 mean( ), mean ...843 measurement...
• Page 992
  ..., . 229 true ...275 undef (undefined) ...278 messages See also errors and troubleshooting mid( ), mid-string ...844 mid-string, mid( ) ...602 min( ), minimum ...845 Minimum (graph math tool) . 87, 331, 333 minute notation, ' ...911 mod( ), modulo ...845 ...
• Page 993
  ...getMode( ) ...617, 827 GRAD (gradian) ...38 Graph 187, 203, 304, 342, 349, 356, 377, ...412 graph ...18 Graph 2 ...188, 925 graph number ...38..., 926 language ...18, 19 Number of Graphs ...188, 925 overwrite (2 /) ...16 PAR... ...597 MoveVar, move variable ...845 mRow( ), matrix row operation ...845 23...
• Page 994
  ...NewPlot ...556, 628, 848 problem, NewProb ...190, 848 NewData, new data 518... plot ...556, 628, 847 NewProb, new problem ...190, 848 nInt( ), numeric... ...681 math operations ...682 Number of Graphs mode ...188, 925 numbers irrational..., 675 equations ...666, 668, 669 graphing ...675, 676, 677, 678 split...
• Page 995
  ...(parametric) mode ...38 parallelepiped activity ...750 parametric graphing ...347 parentheses, brackets, and braces . 160,..., 804 deleting ...500 exclusive or, XorPic ...629, 896 new, NewPic ...597, 629, 847 recall, RclPic ......632, 860 plots clearing ...554 data ...119 new, NewPlot ...556, 628, 848 25
• Page 996
  ... mode ...38 polar coordinate, R4Pq( ) ...862 coordinate, R4Pr( ) ...862 graphing ...340 vector display, 4Polar ...855 polyEval( ), evaluate ... isPrime( ) ...834 prime numbers ...75 prime, ' ...911 problems (new), NewProb ...190, 848 product ID ...233 Product ID (identifier) ...234 product( ), product ...
• Page 997
  ...627, 742, 808 deleting ...579 display graph, DispG . 620, 627, 812 display... loop, EndLoop ...614, 841 end program, EndPrgm 128, 591, 856 end... language, Exec . . 644, ...818 execute program, Prgm . . 128, 591, 856 exit..., getFold( ) . 617, 826 get/return from calculator, GetCalc . . 634, ...727, 728, 825...
• Page 998
  menus ...622, 626 multicommand lines ...580 operations ...784 output ...574, 582, 620 output, Output ...620, 627, 851 pass error, PassErr ...636, 854 passing values ...584 pause, Pause ...620, 636, 854 popup menu, PopUp ...619, 856 prompt, Prompt( ) ...619, 857 request, Request ...620, 622, 865 ...
• Page 999
  ... R ...910 rand( ), random number ...862 randMat( ), random matrix ...747, 863 randNorm( ), random norm ...863 ..., 863 rational functions activity ...755 RclGDB, recall graph database 505, 629, 863 RclPic, recall ... ...629, 863 real( ), real ...863 recall graph database, RclGDB . .505, 629, 863 picture, ...
• Page 1000
  ... send list variable, Send ...635, 869 send to calculator, SendCalc . . 634, 727, 728, ...869 Send, send list variable ...635, 869 SendCalc, send to calculator . . 634, 727, 728, ...869 SendChat, send ...sequence) mode ...38 seq( ), sequence ...870 sequence graphing ...354-374 serial number ...233 set ...
• Page 1001
  ... SLPFLD, slope field ...415, 423, 448 Smart Graph ...318 SocialSt (social studies) category ...31 software version ...233 Solution Method graph format ...414 solution, deSolve( ) ...266, 444, ... Screen mode ...188, 924 split-screen mode active graph ...38 exiting ...64 Number of graphs ...
• Page 1002
  ... ) ...882 startTmr( ), start timer ...882 statistics ...540-571 Box Plot ...556 Calculation Type ...541, 546 categories ...565 Category .........884 stop, Stop ...579 StoPic, store picture ...629, 884 stopping a calculation ...165 Store (9) key ...17 storing graph database, StoGDB . . 629, 884 picture,...
• Page 1003
  ... ...455 Table, build table ...887 table-graph, GraphTable ...456 tables @tbl ...456 ..., 812 functions ...463 generating with sequence ...373 graphing, GraphTable ...456 incrementing, @tbl ...456 ... AUTO/ASK . . 457, 459, 464 manual ...464 overview ...454 programs ...627 setTable( ) ...459 setting,...
• Page 1004
  ... ...887 tan/( ), arctangent ...888 Tangent (graph math tool) 331, 336, 346,..., 395 WIRE FRAME ...104, 395 TI Connectivity Cable .65, 716, 733... ViewScreen overhead panel connecting ...68 TI Connect software ...65, 733 time..., 435 timeCnv( ), convert time ...890 TI-Presenter video adapter connecting ...68...
• Page 1005
  status ...36 tplot window variable ...417 Trace, trace ...751, 761, 763, 766, 892 trace, Trace 321, 628, 751, 761, 763, 766 tracing 87, 321, 324, 346, 353, 362, 381, 420 transmitting. See linking and transmitting transpose, T ...886 Trig menu ...257 trigonometric collection, tCollect( ) ...257 ...
• Page 1006
  Value (graph math tool) . .331, 332, 353, 382, ...420 variables ...39, 197, 199 ... 839 locking, Lock ...597 locking/unlocking ...204, 703 matrix ...519 moving, MoveVar ...597 overriding ...239 pasting ... ...28 renaming ...700 reserved names ...942, 943 statistical ...544, 548 store ...17 system ...942, ...
• Page 1007
  ...352, 359, 417 zmax ...379 zmin ...379 wire-and-contour graphing ...104, 395 wire-frame graphing ...104, 395 with, | ...80, 83, 239, 249, 913, 944 within string, inString( ) ...602... 359, 417, ...941 xyline plots ...555 Y= editor 86, 89, 305, 343, 349, 356, 377, ...412, 471 ygrid...
• Page 1008
  ..., 344, 359, 379, ...417, 941 ymin window variable 313, 344, 351, 359, ...379, 417, 941 yscl window variable 314, 344, 352, 359, 417 Zero (graph math tool) ...331, zeroes activity ...zeroes, zeroes( ) ...240, 256, zeroes, zeros( ) ...743, zeros( ), zeroes ...743, zmax window variable ...zmin window ...

Texas Instruments TI-89 - Graphing Calculator Manual