Yamaha 2201 Owner's Manual

Yamaha 2201 Manual

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  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 1
    YAMAHA AUTHORIZED PRODUCT MANUAL P - 2 2 0 0 / 2 2 01 SYSTEM AMPLIFIER
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 2
    P-2200/2201 OPERATING MANUAL
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 3
    entire Operating Manual. However, if you are using the P-2200 in an existing system, and you are familiar with high power amplifiers, the BRIEF OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS, Pages One 1 & 2, contain all the information necessary for basic connections and operation. The SPECIFICATION sections, (Sections
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 4
    THE P-2200/2201 BRIEF OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS PERFORMANCE GRAPHS & A DISCUSSION OF SPECIFICATIONS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL AND HI-FI EQUIPMENT IMPEDANCE OPERATING LEVELS DYNAMIC RANGE GAIN OVERLAP AND HEADROOM INPUT SENSITIVITY RATINGS PROFESSIONAL
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 5
    THE P-2200/2201 BRIEF OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Fig. 1A - P-2200 Front Panel Fig. 1B - P2201 Front Panel A. Input Attenuators Calibrated, stepped input attenuators lower input signal levels ahead of amplification stages. B. Peak Reading Meters (P-2200 only) Meters display instantaneous (peak) power
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 6
    and type. If the fuses blow consistently, the amplifier should be checked by a qualified Yamaha service technician. F. AC Accessory Outlets These convenience outlets are made for low power cooling fans. Not provided in certain areas. The rear panels shown here are subject to U.S. specifications.
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 7
    to clean studio monitoring. High power handling also makes the P-2200 an unbeatable choice for live rock or disco sound systems, where an amplifier can really "cook" all night long. Power alone is no virtue; the P-2200 has ultra-low distortion, less than 0.05% THD at full rated power - the kind
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 8
    to Figure 7.) Less than 0.01% using frequencies of 70Hz and 7kHz, mixed in a ratio of 4:1, single channel power output of 150 Watts into 8 ohms. *In these specifications, when dB represents a specific voltage, 0dB is referenced to 0.775V. "dB" is a voltage level, whereas "dBm" is a power level. 0dBm
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 9
    9cm). Weight: P-2200; 44 pounds (20kg), P2201; 42 pounds (19kg). Color: Semi-gloss black. MONAURAL MODE SPECIFICATIONS Power Output: (Refer at 1kHz. Intermodulation Distortion: Less than 0.05% using frequencies of 70Hz and 7kHz, mixed in a ratio of 4:1, at a power output of 200 Watts into 1 6 ohms.
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 10
    beginning on Page FOUR 5, references to specific specifications assume normal stereo operation (not mono operation) unless otherwise indicated. Normal (Stereo) Graphs Fig. 3 - Power Bandwidth vs Load Impedance Fig. 4 - Load Impedance vs Output Power Fig. 5 - Frequency Response vs Load Fig
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 11
    Fig. 9 - Actual Output Impedance vs Frequency Fig. 10 - Crosstalk (Channel Separation) Fig. 1 1 - Phase Response vs Frequency Fig. 1 2 - Power Consumption Fig. 1 3 - Peak Program Meter Accuracy (P-2200 only)
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 12
    (Mono Mode) at 0.1% T.H.D., 1kHz Fig. 16 - Frequency Response (Mono Mode) at 16 Load Impedance Fig. 1 7 - T.H.D. vs Power Output (Mono Mode) at 16 Load Impedance Fig. 1 8 - T.H.D. vs Frequency (Mono Mode) at 16 Load Impedance Fig. 19 - Damping Factor vs Frequency (Mono Mode) at
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 13
    damage to speakers in the event any DC offset is fed to the amplifier input. Fig. 22 - 1,000Hz Square-Wave Response Near-perfect response is shown with HighlyMagnified Noise and Distortion Components Even at full 230 watt output (8-ohms), the P-2200's distortion is so low that it is almost burried
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 14
    ." While it means the same as "RMS power," to be more accurate, the P-2200 is rated in watts of "continuous average sine wave power." Since the P-2200 is a professional power amplifier, not sold for home hi-fi use, it is not required to meet the power rating standard set by the FTC (Federal Trade
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 15
    in- creasing system headroom (using a more powerful amplifier like the P-2200), and by biamplifying the system as discussed on Page SEVEN 1 . The extremely low distortion figures of the P-2200 indicate its overall quality and mean that its sound will be precise and natural. FREQUENCY RESPONSE (Refer
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 16
    the amplifier. The higher the power, the higher the required slew rate. With a 45 volts/microsecond slew rate, the P-2200 can easily reproduce even the most extreme audio waveforms at its full power output. INPUT IMPEDANCE The input impedance of the P-2200 is high enough to allow it to be used with
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 17
    - Current produced by "Back EMF" follows path through Amplifier's Output Impedance to speaker-coil. If the amplifier's output impedance is low (considerably less than the impedance in reducing cone overshoot is disputed, the P-2200's high damping factor is evidence of good overall engineering design.
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 18
    precautions are outlined in the Installation section of the manual.) The following paragraphs explain how the specific requirements differ for professional and hi-fi (or semi-pro) equipment. IMPEDANCE The inputs of a piece of professional audio equipment are usually designed to be driven from a low
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 19
    manual) relative to 0.775V rms. This is a subtle distinction, and is explained in greater detail in the Appendix on Page EIGHT 1 , and on Page THREE 1 of the specifications important to use wide dynamic range equipment, like the P-2200 and Yamaha PM-Mixers, in a professional sound reinforcement
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 20
    NOTE: The P-2200 actually has a maximum signal to noise ratio of 110dB (which is its dynamic range!. The SYSTEM'S Dynamic Range is limited by acoustic noise signal to noise ratio of the PM-700 Mixer (93dB), a very respectable figure for a high gain device. Fig. 33 - Dynamic Range in an Audio System
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 21
    for a mixer that feeds a professional tape recorder, and in a concert sound reinforcement system. Occasionally a "passive" device (no transistors or tubes) is inserted between the Mixer and the power amplifier in a sound reinforcement system, or in a studio monitoring system. Examples of passive
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 22
    2200 can be used on any surface, so long as there is adequate ventilation. Do not remove the P-2200's feet, since this would prevent air flow below the amplifier. Permanent Installation Rack Mounting Mount the P-2200 required when the P-2200 must produce extremely high average power output, or when
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 23
    nature of matching or bridging inputs, the use of the source device specifically states that a terminating the end of the cable nearest the P-2200 in order to minimize possible hum, in an audio circuit. The most common professionally used pads available; consult your Yamaha dealer. When connected
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 24
    Audio transformers (as distinguished from power supply transformers, RF transformers or other transformers) are primarily used used to run a 600-ohm balanced or floating line to the P-2200 input, or it may be used between any 600-ohm source and high impedance input. Use 39 for schematic, construction
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 25
    source which must remain balanced feeds several P-2200 inputs, the TRANSFORMER AVAILABILITY The matching and step-up transformers mentioned in the preceding subsections are available from many electronic parts dealers. Yamaha does not endorse specific products by citing them herein; rather, these
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 26
    program level. This means that for an 8-ohm load, and a 20dB headroom figure, even an amplifier as powerful as the P-2200 has to operate at an average 2.3 watts output power. In some systems such as studio monitoring, where fidelity and full dynamic range are of utmost importance, this low average
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 27
    headroom. Then, choose the mixer, and other devices that feed the power amplifiers, and set up the system according to the above instructions. In some cases, it may be useful to set up different headroom figures in different parts of a complex system. For example, background music and paging should
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 28
    jacks have not been used for the P-2200 output. If you have an amplifier with a phone jack output, military grade phone connectors, while more expensive and somewhat harder to wire, are the best choice for avoiding these problems. Phono Connectors are not usually considered professional, and are not
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 29
    trouble-free operation of any sound system. For this reason, the following illustrations are included. Experienced audio technicians may wish to review these illustrations, even if they already know how to wire connectors. A few moments of extra care here can save hours of troubleshooting use a Parts
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 30
    the shield, cut it to the same length as the center conductors. Solder the center conductors to their respective pins, using just enough solder to fill the end of the pins. Yamaha's wiring standard dictates that the black lead mates with pin 3 and the white (or red) with pin 2 (see footnote on
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 31
    WIRING A FEMALE XLR CONNECTOR Parts identification (as the connector is usually beyond the center conductors. Solder the center conductors to their respective pins, using just enough solder to fill the end of the pin. Yamaha's wiring standard dictates that the black lead mates with pin 3, the
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 32
    . WIRING A TIP, RING & SLEEVE PHONE PLUG (3-conductor) Parts identification. Slide shell and insulating collar over cable end. Strip outer the burr (from the cut wire) from cutting through the insulating collar. Using pliers, bend the cable clamp around the outer insulation. The clamp should be
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 33
    Impedances in Series. Fig. 49 - Polarity Switch Use Output Impedance Matching Within its rated power and voltage limits, the P-2200 acts very much 2200 may be as low as 2.5 to 3 ohms at certain frequencies. Thus, speaker loads much lower than 8 ohm nominal impedance could overload the amplifier
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 34
    A DC voltage at the input will not be amplified (Figure 27, Page FOUR 4), thus protecting speaker loads against damage from DC at the output of the P-2200. GROUNDING AND SHIELDING Definitions Ground: A general term, used in various ways throughout the audio industry. It can mean the same as "common
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 35
    sound system as a hum or buzz. Twisted pair, balanced lines effectively reject most EMI. Whenever possible avoid placing sensitive equipment near motors or transformers (keep input transformers several inches away from the P-2200's power transformer), and use avoid grounding problems because the
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 36
    Loop when using two Mixers and a Mic Splitter. For safety reasons, the final ground point in a system should actually be earth ground. Electrical codes always require that the building's AC ground be connected to earth ground (at the building's AC service entrance). By connecting the sound system
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 37
    operate properly, and may be damaged. At full power with both channels operating into 8 ohms, the P-2200 draws approximately 960 volt-amperes, or 8 amps at 120V AC (see Figure 12, Page FOUR 2). When a system uses several P-2200 amplifiers, check the current capacity of the AC line, and distribute
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 38
    be high enough to warrant the use of a separate earth ground. Thus 2200 is operating near full power. If the AC line voltage falls below the minimum rated for the P-2200 (105 volts RMS), the P-2200 will not operate properly, and could conceivably sustain damage. Lifting the AC ground to an audio
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 39
    speaker lines. In all but very small systems, the P-2200 can offer cost savings when compared to multiple, low-power amplifier installations. In addition, the P-2200's performance specifications far exceed most commercial sound amplifiers. Figure 76 illustrates a typical 70-volt constant voltage
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 40
    or IC's). All high level crossovers used in nonbiamplified speaker systems are passive, and they must process the full power of the power amplifier. There are any number of good reasons for taking a biamplified or triamplified approach to a professional sound system. One reason is that a biamplified
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 41
    watts (the sum of the two powers), not 366 watts. This power could be provided by one P-2200 and one smaller amplifier. Thus, using two power amplifiers to produce these two waveforms reduces needed amplifier power capacity. Or, if you use two P-2200 amplifiers, there is a substantial increase in
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 42
    power Yamaha for a professional unit, amplifier or speaker damage from large turn-on/turn-off transients, or from sudden, loud feedback. These uses of compressor/limiters are valid for recording studio monitoring as well as for sound reinforcement (although feedback should not be a problem in studio
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 43
    use rotary controls. A graphic equalizer may provide attenua- tion only (band reject), or attenuation and boost (band pass/band reject). Usually, each speaker feed requires its own channel of professional-type graphic equalization which is installed between the mixer output and the power amplifier
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 44
    studio monitors or audience foldback system might require graphic equalization to suit very different ends. Professional use with professional type mixers such as the Yamaha PMMixers, and its output level may be too low to drive some common power amplifiers (the P-2200 up for stereo operation. sound
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 45
    be adjusted to prevent peaks from reaching a level that would cause the power amplifier to clip, which may avoid burned out loudspeakers. Transformers The 70-volt transformers used in "constant voltage" commercial sound systems lend a certain amount of protection to a loudspeaker. They will not pass
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 46
    . SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS The following diagrams illustrate a few of the many possible applications of the P-2200 in all types of sound systems. Studio Monitoring The diagram in Figure 72 shows the P-2200 used as a studio monitor amplifier. Part of the system is biamplified. Alternately, the Yamaha
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 47
    equalizers, electronic crossovers, and power amplifiers. The P-2200's peak reading meters are a special advantage in concert sound systems. They indicate the exceptional specifications, the P-2200 is extremely reliable, and is built to take the abuses of the road. Bracing the rear of the P-2200 in
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 48
    may be clipped off by lower power instrument amplifiers. Thus, it will "clean up" a bass sound, and, because clipping is dangerous to speaker systems, the P-2200's high power output may be easier on a speaker system than a low power amplifier. In addition, the P-2200 is sensitive enough (and its
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 49
    night. With its massive heat sinks, and high average power output capabilities, the P-2200 is an ideal amplifier for disco use. In addition to reliability, the P-2200's low distortion will produce clean sound, the kind of sound that avoids listening fatigue - an important consideration for high
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 50
    Commercial Sound Systems Figure 76 diagrams a theatre reinforcement system from the viewpoint of its power amplifier. Note the time delay device that feeds the P-2200 for the underbalcony distributed speakers. This P-2200 is connected for "mono" 70-volt operation; the main P-2200 is connected for
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 51
    is a basic tool for all types of sound systems. Yet its uses are not limited to sound systems alone. The P-2200's exceptional performance specifications, and high power output make it an excellent audio frequency oscillator amplifier for test bench use, which will not degrade the performance of even
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 52
    specific quantity in dB, there must be a reference quantity. There are standard reference quantities for SPL, voltage, and power, which extend the usefulness between two levels (power, voltage, sound pressure, etc.) and SPL. SPECIAL USE OF dB (volts) IN THIS MANUAL Assume that a Yamaha PM-Mixer
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 53
    power level of +24dBm into a 600-ohm load). If you realize that by this rating method, "+24dBm" means "12.3 volts," (and that "+4dBm" actually means "1.23 volts," etc.), then you can accurately interpret the specification is relatively uncommon in audio (although it is used for some microphone
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 54
    to make a simplifying assumption: the impedances that we work with in audio can be treated like pure resistances over the entire audio frequency range. This is a good assumption, in most cases, and we have used it throughout this manual. When the occasional exception shows up, we have treated it
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 55
    can be calculated from the formulas on Page EIGHT 2. In audio, most sources can be treated as voltage sources, whether they are power amplifiers, microphones, mixers, etc. By considering them as voltage sources in series with an impedance (the "output impedance" of the device), all of the formulas
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 56
    to ground (audio common). A FLOATING circuit has no ground reference, as illustrated by the Yamaha PM-180, For example, the output of the P-2200 in the "mono" mode is balanced used for audio applications. TRANSFORMERS Several applications of audio transformers are dis- cussed, in specifics,
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 57
    specifically to transform those impedances. If it is used use according to the voltage levels, power levels, and the impedances of the circuits under consideration. One other significant use of audio , to a professional input with an input impedance of 600-ohms also drops the level a full 14dB to -
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 58
    YAMAHA SINCE 1887
  • Yamaha 2201 | Owner's Manual - Page 59
    YAMAHA Yamaha Corporation of America P2200/2201 OM 6600 Orangethorpe Avenue, P.O. Box 6600, Buena Park, CA 90622-6600 11/17/98 98109
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YAMAHA
AUTHORIZED
PRODUCT MANUAL
P-2200/2201
SYSTEM AMPLIFIER