Casio lk100ad User Guide - Page 29
What is MIDI?, General MIDI
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MIDI What is MIDI? The letters MIDI stand for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, which is the name of a worldwide standard for digital signals and connectors that makes it possible to exchange musical data between musical instruments and computers (machines) produced by different manufacturers. MIDI Connections MIDI IN MIDI OUT MIDI IN MIDI OUT Computer etc. General MIDI General MIDI standardizes MIDI data for all sound source types, regardless of manufacturer. General MIDI specifies such factors as tone numbering, drum sounds, and available MIDI channels for all sound sources. This standard makes it possible for all MIDI equipment to reproduce the same nuances when playing General MIDI data, regardless of the manufacturer of the sound source. Though the sound source of this keyboard is not General MIDI compatible, you can still connect the keyboard to a computer or other MIDI equipment to playback General MIDI data that is widely available in stores, over computer networks, and from other sources. ❚ NOTE • General MIDI data made up of a large number of parts may not play correctly on this keyboard. • You will have most success playing back General MIDI data that has few parts and is made up of parts on channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10. Messages There is a wide variety of messages defined under the MIDI standard, and this section details the particular messages that can be sent and received by this keyboard. 662A-E-029A NOTE ON/OFF This message sends data when a key is pressed (NOTE ON) or released (NOTE OFF). A NOTE ON/OFF message includes a note number (to indicate note whose key is being pressed or released) and velocity (velocity=100 when the volume value of this unit is 9 to 2, and velocity=75 when the volume value is 1 or 0). NOTE ON velocity is always used to determine the relative volume of the note. This keyboard does not receive NOTE OFF velocity data. Whenever you press or release a key on this keyboard, the corresponding NOTE ON or NOTE OFF message is sent by constant velocity from the MIDI OUT terminal. PROGRAM CHANGE This is the tone selection message. PROGRAM CHANGE can contain tone data within the range of 0 to 127. A PROGRAM CHANGE message (0 to 99) is sent out through this keyboard's MIDI OUT terminal whenever you manually change its tone number. Receipt of a PROGRAM CHANGE message from an external machine changes the tone setting of this keyboard. This keyboard can send tone data within the range of 00 to 99 and receive tone data within the range of 0 to 127*. Each of the 128 General MIDI tones is automatically assigned to one of the keyboard's 100 built-in tones as shown on page A1. Select this setting when you want to listen to General MIDI data from a computer or other external equipment. * When GM mapping is turned on (page E-28). When turned off, tone data is received in the range of 0 to 99. ❚ NOTE • Channel 10 is for the drum part only, and it does not receive Program Change messages. When receiving MIDI data, it sounds percussion sounds produced by this keyboard. PITCH BEND This message carries pitch bend information for smoothly sliding the pitch upwards or downwards during keyboard play. This keyboard does not send pitch bend data, but it can receive such data. CONTROL CHANGE This message adds effects such as vibrato and volume changes applied during keyboard play. CONTROL CHANGE data includes a control number (to identify the effect type) and a control value (to specify the on/off status and depth of the effect). The following is a list of data that can be received using CONTROL CHANGE. Effect VOLUME HOLD1 MODULATION Control Number 7 64 1 E-27