Compaq ProLiant 1600 Video Streaming Technology
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- Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 1
23 High Capacity Disk Storage ....... 24 High Sustainable Throughput ..... 24 High Performance Network ........ 24 Multiple CPUs 24 Expandable System Memory ..... 24 High Availability 24 Rack-mount for Easy Access..... 25 Attractive Cost per Stream......... 25 Example: Compaq ProLiant .....25 - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 2
Server are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Pentium, Pentium II, and Pentium Pro are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Other product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies. ©1998 Compaq - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 3
An understanding of video technology starts with an understanding of the the surface of the retina. These cones tend to be centrally located at the back of the eye. The large number of human vision are used in video compression schemes, as well as in display systems to provide efficient methods - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 4
from the color, or chroma (C) information. This approach-called "S-Video"-is used in Hi-8 and Super VHS video cameras. The RGB system separates the signal into three components-Red, Green, and Blue- and is used in color CRT displays. Y (Luminance) U (Hue) V (Saturation) Another approach to - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 5
emerged that store the video in digital form directly in the camcorder-usually on tape, but sometimes on a disk in the camcorder itself. Digital video from these sources may go directly to the hard drive of a PC by using an appropriate interface card. The quality of digital video may be judged based - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 6
on a PC were to play video from a CD-ROM or to download a very large file across the network for playback at the user's desktop. Neither of these approaches is acceptable for delivery of content across a network. The Bandwidth Problem The scope of this problem can be seen by looking at the following - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 7
Streaming the video using data packets over the network. Small video files may be downloaded and played, but there is a tendency to stream larger video content for faster viewing. Scaling While converting from the RGB color space to a subsampled YCrCb color space helps reduce file size, it is only - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 8
codecs, on the other hand, are often used in real-time applications such as live broadcasts. A number of codecs have been developed specifically for CD-ROMs while others have been developed specifically for streaming video. Proprietary CD-ROM Codecs Proprietary Streaming Codecs Cinepak Indeo - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 9
low bit rates assuming limited motion as is typical displays for all of these systems. CIF and Quarter-CIF and Japan, and formed the starting point for the development of the It is intended to support videophone applications using the newer generation of file size to 1/3 or 1/2 of its original size. - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 10
JPEG compressed still images to represent a moving picture. Video capture boards sometimes use MJPEG since it is an easily editable format, unlike MPEG, described next. for playing video from 1x CD-ROMs and to be compatible with data rates of T1 lines. MPEG-1 uses Interframe compression to eliminate - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 11
with a powerful processor. The compression achieved using this technique enables about 72 minutes of video on a single CDROM-not quite enough for a full-length feature movie, which typically needs about 2 hours or two CD-ROMs. In addition to compression techniques, the MPEG-1 standard also supports - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 12
CD-ROM and VHS tapes for long-play quality video. DVD-ROM can hold at least 130 minutes of MPEG-2 video with Dolby AC-3 surround-sound stereo audio. (DVD-ROM supports is downloaded over a network to the client and stored on a hard drive. When it is all there, the user can play it from the hard drive. - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 13
the user's hard drive. To address these issues, a new technology has recently been developed for delivering scaled and/or compressed digital video across a network called "video-streaming." Video streaming takes advantage of advances in video scaling and compression techniques as well as the use of - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 14
of creating, delivering, and ultimately playing the video content. The main components of a complete video streaming system to accomplish this-Encoding Station, Video Server, Network Infrastructure, and Playback Client-are illustrated in the following diagram. 1. Capture Encoding Station 2. Edit - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 15
of video to clients using the appropriate network transport protocols over the network connection. The video server consists of a hardware platform that has been optimally configured for the delivery of real-time video plus video server software that runs under an operating system such as Microsoft - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 16
starts and stops. To evaluate this for different networks, a new measure of network capability has emerged known as Quality of Service user can request any stream at any time. Unicasting separate video streams for each client consumes a lot of network bandwidth. Server Router V1 V2 V3 Network - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 17
employees worldwide. All users on the network can view the broadcast at the appointed time. On the Internet, multicasting is referred to as "IP Multicasting". Since its use has the potential to significantly reduce congestion on the net there is a lot of activity underway to support it. Originally - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 18
as an upgrade or as a network backbone. The next generation of Fast Ethernet-Gigabit Ethernet-is in development. ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode uses hardware switching to provide not only high speed-25Mbps to 2.5Gbps-but it also a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) and multicasting through - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 19
makes it difficult to deliver in a normal way over packet-switched networks such as the Internet. For example, standard HTTP web servers using TCP/IP protocol are difficult to use for streaming video. Normal HTTP web pages do not support the 2-way interaction needed to control video streams such as - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 20
. It also supports the use of RTP as an underlying protocol. RSVP RSVP stands for "Resource Reservation Protocol." Its purpose is to provide consistent quality of service by guaranteeing a maximum allowable transmission delay for streaming packets along with the ability to prioritize specific packet - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 21
ECG068/0798 WHITE PAPER (cont.) 2...1 - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 22
or power off at the client q Allowing the loading of new content in real time without interrupting current streams Video Server Application Software NT Operating System Video Server Hardware Processor(s) Memory Disk Storage Disk Controller(s) Network Interface(s) Video Server Software Manages - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 23
-Ultra SCSI q Tuned device drivers for network cards and disk access q Multiple high performance CPUs that can be dedicated to uninterrupted video delivery q Large system memory expansion for managing multiple high speed streaming buffer pools Video Server Application Software NT Operating System - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 24
to multiple processors as the system grows. Expandable System Memory For smooth delivery, the video server software may maintain multiple buffers in memory for each active video stream to keep data flowing smoothly over the network while the next block of video data is being retrieved from disk. It - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 25
minimize downtime "hot-pluggable" components such as disk drives, power supplies, and fans are also desirable. Rack-mount for Easy Access Large video server installations may require multiple servers along with multiple external storage options and networking equipment such as switching hubs. It is - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 26
the ProLiant 5500 supports hot-pluggable redundant components such as power supplies, disk drives, fans, and network interface Operating System to the industry-standard Intel Pentium processor all the way to the use of low cost high-density Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs) the Compaq ProLiant - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 27
) PCI-Peripheral Component Interconnect PSTN-Public Switched Telephone Network QoS-Quality of Service RGB-Red-Green-Blue RSVP-Resource Reservation Protocol RTP-Real Time Protocol RTSP-Real Time Streaming Protocol SCSI-Small Computer System Interface SECAM-Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memoire (French TV - Compaq ProLiant 1600 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 28
start.htm http://www.oracle.com/products/asd/video/video.html http://www.realnetworks.com/ Microsoft NetShow Theater Server Starlight Networks video server software products Oracle Video Server RealVideo Server McGraw-Hill, 1995 q The Digital VideoMaker's Guide, Kathryn Shaw Whitver, MWP, 1995 q
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W
HITE
P
APER
1
ECG068/0798
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July 1998
Compaq Computer
Corporation
ECG Emerging Markets
and Advanced
Technology
C
ONTENTS
V
IDEO
T
ECHNOLOGY
..............
3
The Human Eye
.......................
3
Analog Video
............................
4
Analog Composite Video
..............
4
Analog Component Video
............
4
Digital Video
.............................
5
Digital Video Formats
..................
5
Network Delivery Challenges
.......
6
The Bandwidth Problem
............
6
Scaling
........................................
7
Compressing—Codecs
................
8
Video Codec Standards
............
9
H.261
..........................................
9
H.263
..........................................
9
JPEG and MJPEG
.......................
9
MPEG
.......................................
10
V
IDEO
-S
TREAMING
..............
12
Isochronous Video
...................
13
Video Streaming System
.........
14
Network Considerations
...........
15
LANs/Intranets
..........................
17
Public Internet
...........................
18
Public Broadband Networks
.......
20
V
IDEO
S
ERVERS
..................
22
Application Software
................
22
Video Server Hardware
............
23
High Capacity Disk Storage
.......
24
High Sustainable Throughput
.....
24
High Performance Network
........
24
Multiple CPUs
...........................
24
Expandable System Memory
.....
24
High Availability
.........................
24
Rack-mount for Easy Access
.....
25
Attractive Cost per Stream
.........
25
Example: Compaq ProLiant
.....
25
A
CRONYMS
.........................
27
R
ESOURCES
.......................
28
Video Streaming Technology
If a picture is worth a thousand words, then a video is worth a thousand pictures.
The
sights and sounds of video teach us, entertain us, and bring our fantasies to life. While
text, graphics, and animation provide for interesting content, people naturally gravitate
to the richer and more realistic experience of video.
That is because video—with audio—
adds the ultimate level of realism to human communication that people have come to
expect from decades of watching moving pictures in the real-world media of TV and
movies.
As all such real-world media continues to migrate toward "everything digital", video too
is becoming digital.
Video delivery has evolved from the analog videotape format of the
1980s to a digital format delivered via CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and computer networks.
As
a series of digital numbers, digital video has the advantage of not degrading from
generation to generation, and, because it can reside on a computer disk, it is easy to
store, search, and retrieve.
It can also be edited and easily integrated with other media
such as text, graphics, images, sound, music, as well as transmitted without any loss in
quality.
And now it is possible to deliver digital video over computer networks including
corporate Intranets and public Internets directly to desktop computers.
What makes this network delivery possible is the emergence of new technology called
“video-streaming”.
Video streaming takes advantage of new video and audio
compression algorithms as well as new real-time network protocols that have been
developed specifically for streaming multimedia.
With video streaming, files can play as
they are downloaded to the client, thus eliminating the necessity to completely download
the file before playing, as has been the case in the past.
This has the advantages of
playing sooner, not occupying as much disk space, minimizing copyright concerns, and
reducing the bandwidth requirements of the video.
This white paper discusses the salient characteristics of this new video-streaming
technology.
How the properties of human vision shape the requirements of the
underlying video technology.
How the high bit rate and high capacity storage needs of
video drives the demand for high video compression and high bandwidth networks.
How
the real-time nature of video demands the utmost in I/O performance for high levels of
sustained throughput.
How the characteristics of video streaming shapes the
requirements of video server hardware.
And finally, how Compaq video streaming
servers meet these demanding requirements through high performance I/O architectures
and the adherence to industry standards.
Please direct comments regarding this communication to the ECG Emerging Markets and Advanced Technology Group at: