HP DL360 Power basics for IT professionals
HP DL360 - ProLiant - G3 Manual
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- HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 1
factor correction ...14 Leakage current ...15 Grounding ...15 Power utilization ...17 Three-phase versus single-phase power 17 Panel distribution ...18 Distribution within the rack ...19 Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS 20 Wiring methods ...21 High-line or low-line input voltage ...23 Inrush - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 2
power to support that growth. This paper provides definitions and explanations of electric power power-its generation, transmission, distribution and ultimate use by HP ProLiant servers-is a complex supply chain. Customers must understand and consider a host of power briefs on specific power-related - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 3
other electrical terms. Power generation, transmission, and distribution Before power can reach a data center or an individual server, it must be generated and transmitted. The following sections discuss in general how each of those steps occurs. Specifics about electrical power may vary from one - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 4
. The data center administrator can research the history of service availability from the local utility or the grid manager. Planning for temporary power generation and for using uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) to back up the electric power system can eliminate interruptions due to distance or - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 5
) or a UPS. Incoming power is normally supplied by the utility. In the event of a utility failure, an ATS switches between sources so that power is delivered by the backup generator. Connecting the server room power panel to the ATS ensures that power will be available to the servers even when the - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 6
Figure 4 shows the HP servers connected to single-phase power. Figure 4. North American power distribution with a backup generator and an automatic transfer switch with HP servers at single phase 6 - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 7
to many of the pieces shown in Figures 4 and 5. This UPS can supply power from three sources: normal power, temporary power, or battery backup. In the event of a loss of power, the UPS always allows power to the server room power panel. Figure 6 shows HP servers connected to single-phase UPS - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 8
Figure 6. North America power distribution with a backup generator and a UPS with HP servers at single phase 8 - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 9
The only difference between Figures 6 and 7 is that Figure 7 shows HP servers connected to threephase UPS power. Figure 7. North American power distribution with a backup generator and a UPS with HP servers at three phase Figures 8 through 11 depict the standard European or Asian method using - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 10
European and Asian electrical symbols and nomenclature. Figure 8 shows the HP servers connected to single-phase power. Figure 8. European or Asian power distribution with a backup generator and an automatic transfer switch with HP servers at single phase 10 - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 11
The only difference between Figures 8 and 9 is that Figure 9 shows the HP servers connected to threephase power. Figure 9. European or Asian power distribution with a backup generator and an automatic transfer switch with HP servers at three phase 11 - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 12
Figures 8 and 9. This UPS can supply power from three sources: normal power, temporary power, or battery backup. In the event of a loss of power, the UPS always allows power to the server room power panel. Figure 10 shows HP servers connected to single-phase UPS power. Figure 10. European or Asian - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 13
The only difference between Figures 10 and 11 is that Figure 11 shows HP servers connected to three-phase UPS power. Figure 11. European or Asian power distribution with a backup generator and a UPS with HP servers at three phase 13 - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 14
energy by converting it to heat that must then be dissipated. HP ProLiant server power supplies all have peak efficiencies of 85 percent or greater, which increases the amount of power that performs useful work. Devices with a low power factor, on the other hand, do not waste energy. Unused energy - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 15
power supplies for ProLiant servers all contain circuitry to correct the power servers connected to the same power source, a reliable grounded connection is essential before applying power to the system. HP immediately to prevent equipment damage or other problems. This type of grounding uses the - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 16
or industrial building In the United States, the National Electric Code specifies the standard grounding system resistivity value of 25 ohms. referenced. These standards are listed in Table 1. Table 1. IEEE power and grounding references IEEE Standard Standard Title IEEE Standard 1100-1999 IEEE - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 17
service is the most stable, efficient, and flexible power for server and data operations. High-voltage, three-phase power offers greater efficiencies than single-phase power. Like other countries requiring more power, including data center environment support systems, runs on three-phase power. Three - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 18
other countries. Please see the section entitled, "Panel distribution," for an example of the greater efficiency of threephase power. Power appears plentiful; however, in certain configurations distribution limitations leave power in the panel. For example, a rack full of 21 ProLiant DL380 G2 servers - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 19
and time consuming. HP recommends using PDUs in installations where a number of servers can place serious loading demands on the power infrastructure. The term PDU can refer to two different distribution points: the transformer unit for the entire floor or an in-rack PDU supporting power strips. In - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 20
entitled, "Critical factors in intra-rack power distribution planning for high density systems" at http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManual/c01034757/c01034757.pdf Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) The continuous supply of quality power is critical to commercial and industrial - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 21
common and economical method of supplying power to data centers is to deliver three-phase 208V AC service, which carries 208V through any two transformer windings and 120V between any phase and neutral, as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14. High Voltage AC power and corresponding phase windings North - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 22
, three-phase Branch Circuit Breaker 20A 30A 20A 30A 40A 50A 20A 30A 60A Maximum Load (80% per National Electric Code) 16A 24A 16A 24A 32A 40A 16A 24A 48A Maximum Power 1,920 VA 2,880 VA 3,840 VA 5,760 VA 7,680 VA 9,600 VA 5,764 VA 8,646 VA 17,292 VA Table - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 23
at 120 V or 208 V. All HP servers now have auto-sensing input circuitry that automatically adjusts to the applied input voltage. The only exceptions are those devices that are defined as high-line operation only. Some ProLiant servers are equipped with power supplies that have greater capacity when - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 24
cords provide connections between server products and utility power: power cord assemblies and jumper cable assemblies. In general, power cord assemblies provide the main connection from the AC power outlet to the server equipment, and they meet the standards for the country from which they are - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 25
for N+1 redundancy, N (that is, 2, 3, or possibly more) power supplies are powering the server while one additional power supply stands ready to support the load in case of a power supply failure. As the number of servers and blade enclosures in a rack increase, the UPS type must change to - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 26
of heat to be dissipated by HP ProLiant servers (http://h30099.www3.hp.com/configurator/calc/Power%20Calculator%20Catalog.xls) • The HP eCo-Enterprise Configurator to provide factory default racking for the HP hardware portfolio (http://h30099.www3.hp.com/configurator/catalog-isswce.asp) • The - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 27
electricity. The commonly known National Electric Code (NEC) must be followed when installing any electric service up to 600Volts. The IEEE color Care Facilities (White Book) IEEE Guide for Maintenance, Operation, and Safety of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Yellow Book) IEEE Recommended - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 28
Appendix B. Voltages and frequencies of individual countries4 Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Azores Bahamas Bahrain Balearic Islands Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 29
Faeroe Islands Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France French Guyana Gaza Gabon Gambia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada (Windward Islands) Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland (Eire) Isle of Man - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 30
Myanmar (formerly Burma) Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Okinawa Oman Pakistan Palmyra Atoll Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Réunion Island Romania Russian Federation - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 31
California Standard but it is available across the country. For example, the designation NEMA L6-30P 10-A power supply connectors used on 90 percent of HP equipment. power devices may require C19/C20 connectors if the input can exceed the 10-A range. One example is the HP ProLiant DL580 G2 Server - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 32
assemblies are designed to a specific national standard. Table C-1 lists power cord assemblies available from HP. Table C-1. Power cord Plug Profiles Description Low N. American (15A) Low N. American (20A) Voltage Rating [1] Low-line Low-line Plug Profile Alternate Country Application (see notes - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 33
(PRC) High-line 4-wire High-line 5-wire High-line Plug Profile Alternate Country Application (see notes) [5 - NOTES: [1] Low-line = 100 to 120VAC [5] Chile, Italy The jumper cable assembly provides a power interconnect between a server and an intermediate utility device such as a PDU. - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 34
Table C-2. HP jumper cable assemblies IEC Description (each assembly) 10A, IEC; 4.5 ft (1.37 m)1.5 ft (0.5 m) Type of Plug (to PDU or UPS) IEC C14 Type of Receptacle (to Server) IEC C13 10A, IEC; 10 ft (3.0 m) IEC C14 IEC C13 10A, IEC; 8 ft (2.5 m) IEC C14 IEC C13 10A, IEC Y-cable; 10 ft - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 35
shape of bus bars allows heat to dissipate efficiently. Rack bus bars deliver up to 3,000 watts of DC power from power enclosures to server enclosures. Canadian Standards Association (CSA): The nonprofit organization that operates a listing service for electrical materials and equipment. It is the - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 36
where greatest air-conditioning flow travels toward the servers. Using best practices, cold aisles alternate with standardization bodies of most European countries: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, an electric current. Connector: A power plug contact. Contact: A power plug contact. Cord: Main section of - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 37
interference or crossover from other circuits or signals, or the selfsame circuit, when one lacks the proper cable shielding, power supply, or power conditioning to maintain phase integrity. Electrostatic charge: An electric current (often brief) caused by induced voltage and stored charge - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 38
input current in the case of multiple servers), due to the capacitive properties of components in the power supply. Inrush current can be several times greater than the operating current, thereby tripping fuses or circuit breakers. All HP power supplies provide the capability to limit inrush current - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 39
units consist of a control core that connects to the power bus (or UPS) and extension bars that distribute power to the equipment groups within the rack. National Electrical Code (NEC): A comprehensive guide to building electrical codes and best practices in the United States. The 2005 volume - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 40
, three-phase, or higher phase power. Pooled power: Power supply redundancy (provided with HP BladeSystem c-Class server blade) lowers inrush and leakage currents while efficiently and affordably delivering the right amount of power to multiple servers in a rack. Potential: The potential (and often - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 41
as a power supply. When a server is configured for 1+1 redundancy, one power supply powers the server while a second power supply stands ready to provide power if the power supply in service should fail. When a server is configured for N+1 redundancy, N power supplies are powering the server while - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 42
, it has all but replaced two-phase power. (Three-wire 120V/240V single-phase power in the United States is sometimes incorrectly called "two-phase.") U: A standard unit for designating the height of a computer, rack-mount server, or server blade chassis; 1U is equivalent to 44 millimeters or 1.75 - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 43
server power loads and UPS configuration options). UPS: Uninterruptible power supply. VA: Volt-ampere. A rating of apparent power (i.e., the amount of AC power with standards or specifications. W: watt. A rating of true power consumed by the product and measured with an input power meter. In single - HP DL360 | Power basics for IT professionals - Page 44
Regulator for ProLiant servers" "Selecting power cords and jumper cables for use with HP ProLiant servers and BladeSystem servers" "Optimizing facility operation in high density data center environments" HP power distribution units http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManual/c00257
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Power basics for IT professionals
technology brief
Abstract
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2
Introduction
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2
General terms
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2
Power generation, transmission, and distribution
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3
Generation and transmission
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3
Present-day power distribution infrastructure
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4
Regional power distribution
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5
Power distribution at the site
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5
Power factor correction
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14
Leakage current
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15
Grounding
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15
Power utilization
................................................................................................................................
17
Three-phase versus single-phase power
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17
Panel distribution
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18
Distribution within the rack
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19
Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
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20
Wiring methods
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21
High-line or low-line input voltage
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23
Inrush current
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23
Plugs and receptacles
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24
Power trends and strategies
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24
Tools for powering the data center
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26
Appendix A. United States design standards
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27
Appendix B. Voltages and frequencies of individual countries
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28
Appendix C. Plug and socket types
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31
Glossary
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35
For more information
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44
Call to action
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44