HP ProLiant 3000 Video Streaming Technology
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- HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 1
23 High Capacity Disk Storage ....... 24 High Sustainable Throughput ..... 24 High Performance Network ........ 24 Multiple CPUs 24 Expandable System Memory ..... 24 High Availability 24 Rack-mount for Easy Access..... 25 Attractive Cost per Stream......... 25 Example: Compaq ProLiant .....25 - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 2
, Compaq Insight Manager, ProLiant, Netelligent, and SmartStart are registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition, Microsoft Office 97, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Outlook 97, Microsoft - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 3
ECG068/0798 WHITE PAPER (cont.) 3... Video Technology The Human Eye An understanding of video technology starts with an understanding of the properties of the human eye. This is because the electronic eye of the video camera tries to mimic what the - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 4
1-Wire Composite ECG068/0798 WHITE PAPER (cont.) 4... Analog Video Analog Composite Video Analog video represents video information in frames consisting of fluctuating analog voltage values. In early analog video systems individual video signals- brightness, sync, and color- were all combined into - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 5
that can be stored and transmitted error free without degrading from one tape because of the high capacity requirements, but advances in magnetic and optical disk capacity tape, but sometimes on a disk in the camcorder itself. Digital video from these sources may go directly to the hard drive - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 6
on a PC were to play video from a CD-ROM or to download a very large file across the network for playback at the user's desktop. Neither of these approaches is acceptable for delivery of content across a network. The Bandwidth Problem The scope of this problem can be seen by looking at the following - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 7
in data rate at the expense of size and video quality, it is still not enough for most network delivery. For example, a 10BaseT Ethernet network supports data rates of 10 MegaBits/sec. This is not enough bandwidth to deliver even one video stream at the above scaled data rate. Further scaling - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 8
may be produced corresponding to the various bit rates supported by the codec. A codec may also be specifically for CD-ROMs while others have been developed specifically for streaming video. Proprietary CD-ROM Codecs Proprietary Streaming Codecs Cinepak Indeo TrueMotionS Smacker Video 1 Power - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 9
conferencing standard in North America, Europe, and Japan, and formed the starting point for the development of the MPEG-1 standard described below. H.263 H.261 for even lower bit rate applications. It is intended to support videophone applications using the newer generation of PSTN modems at 28.8 - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 10
quality audio at a data rate of approximately 1.5 Mbps and a frame rate of 30 fps. Originally, MPEG-1 was designed for playing video from 1x CD-ROMs and to be compatible with data rates of T1 lines. MPEG-1 uses Interframe compression to eliminate redundant information between frames, and Intraframe - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 11
processor. The compression achieved using this technique enables about 72 minutes of video on a single CDROM-not quite enough for a full-length feature movie, which typically needs about 2 hours or two CD-ROMs. In addition to compression techniques, the MPEG-1 standard also supports power required - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 12
7x the capacity of the CD, is ultimately expected to replace CD-ROM and VHS tapes for long- support of "Transport Streams" in MPEG-2. The concept of Transport Streams is designed for the delivery of video through error a hard drive. When it is all there, the user can play it from the hard drive. The - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 13
reduced, since a complete copy does not have to reside on the user's hard drive. Another advantage is that video content may be integrated and streamed be very large and the user must wait until the complete file is downloaded before playing. Buffer File Video Server Video Data Packets Packet - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 14
arrive at different times at the destination. In some cases, packet errors or lost packets may also result in re-transmission causing disruption of complete video streaming system to accomplish this-Encoding Station, Video Server, Network Infrastructure, and Playback Client-are illustrated in the - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 15
analog source such as a camcorder or VHS tape, digitize it and store it to disk. 4. Serve: The video server manages the delivery of video window using a VCR-like user interface. The player generally supports such functions as play, 2. Quality of Service (QoS) 3. Support for Multicasting High - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 16
starts and stops. To evaluate this for different networks, a new measure of network capability has emerged known as Quality of Service to support multicasting, user can request any stream at any time. Unicasting separate video streams for each client consumes a lot of network bandwidth. Server - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 17
announcements to all corporate employees worldwide. All users on the network can view the broadcast support it. Originally intended for corporate Intranets, the Internet will support it soon as part of video server, and multiple lower speed-e.g., 10Mbps-output ports. The switch may also support an - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 18
are addressed to the specific client devices on the The higher bandwidth provides better support for streaming video. Many enterprises also a guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) and multicasting through or backbone of the Internet. Web Server Video Server HTTP Core Network Access Network UDP - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 19
VCRlike controls and to provide a more "synchronous" data stream with less error-checking overhead than is done in HTTP. Internet Protocols As mentioned earlier standard HTTP web servers using TCP/IP protocol are difficult to use for streaming video. Normal HTTP web pages do not support the 2-way - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 20
. It also supports the use of RTP as an underlying protocol. RSVP RSVP stands for "Resource Reservation Protocol." Its purpose is to provide consistent quality of service by guaranteeing a maximum allowable transmission delay for streaming packets along with the ability to prioritize specific packet - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 21
ECG068/0798 WHITE PAPER (cont.) 2...1 - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 22
fault-tolerant support q Detecting abnormal client termination-e.g., power failure or power off at the client q Allowing the loading of new content in real time without interrupting current streams Video Server Application Software NT Operating System Video Server Hardware Processor(s) Memory Disk - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 23
-time" concurrent video streams imposes unique demands on the video server processor, memory, disk storage, and network connections. Video server hardware is typically configured with: q High capacity, high performance disk drives for storing and delivering real-time video content q High performance - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 24
, an important characteristic of video servers is their ability to accommodate the highest capacity disk drives such as 9.1 or 18.1 system memory appropriately as the system requirements grow to support more concurrent video streams. High Availability It may not be unusual for video servers to - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 25
. This may come in the form of redundant hardware such as power supplies, fans, or NICs, or in the form of redundant multiple server architectures. To minimize downtime "hot-pluggable" components such as disk drives, power supplies, and fans are also desirable. Rack-mount for Easy Access Large video - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 26
multiple concurrent video streams. q High availability options. To maximize availability with minimum downtime, the ProLiant 5500 supports hot-pluggable redundant components such as power supplies, disk drives, fans, and network interface cards. q Large number of expansion slots. There are 5 PCI and - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 27
Interleave CD-ROM-Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory CIF-Common Intermediate Format CODEC-enCODer/DECoder DVD-ROM-Digital Video Disk-Read-Only Memory FDDI- Component Interconnect PSTN-Public Switched Telephone Network QoS-Quality of Service RGB-Red-Green-Blue RSVP-Resource Reservation Protocol RTP-Real - HP ProLiant 3000 | Video Streaming Technology - Page 28
compaq.com/ For information on video server solutions from Compaq visit http://www.compaq.com/solutions/enterprise/index.html For information on standards and specifications Daniel Minoli, McGraw-Hill, 1995 q The Digital VideoMaker's Guide, Kathryn Shaw Whitver, MWP, 1995 q Video Conferencing and
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W
HITE
P
APER
1
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July 1998
Compaq Computer
Corporation
ECG Emerging Markets
and Advanced
Technology
C
ONTENTS
V
IDEO
T
ECHNOLOGY
..............
3
The Human Eye
.......................
3
Analog Video
............................
4
Analog Composite Video
..............
4
Analog Component Video
............
4
Digital Video
.............................
5
Digital Video Formats
..................
5
Network Delivery Challenges
.......
6
The Bandwidth Problem
............
6
Scaling
........................................
7
Compressing—Codecs
................
8
Video Codec Standards
............
9
H.261
..........................................
9
H.263
..........................................
9
JPEG and MJPEG
.......................
9
MPEG
.......................................
10
V
IDEO
-S
TREAMING
..............
12
Isochronous Video
...................
13
Video Streaming System
.........
14
Network Considerations
...........
15
LANs/Intranets
..........................
17
Public Internet
...........................
18
Public Broadband Networks
.......
20
V
IDEO
S
ERVERS
..................
22
Application Software
................
22
Video Server Hardware
............
23
High Capacity Disk Storage
.......
24
High Sustainable Throughput
.....
24
High Performance Network
........
24
Multiple CPUs
...........................
24
Expandable System Memory
.....
24
High Availability
.........................
24
Rack-mount for Easy Access
.....
25
Attractive Cost per Stream
.........
25
Example: Compaq ProLiant
.....
25
A
CRONYMS
.........................
27
R
ESOURCES
.......................
28
Video Streaming Technology
If a picture is worth a thousand words, then a video is worth a thousand pictures.
The
sights and sounds of video teach us, entertain us, and bring our fantasies to life. While
text, graphics, and animation provide for interesting content, people naturally gravitate
to the richer and more realistic experience of video.
That is because video—with audio—
adds the ultimate level of realism to human communication that people have come to
expect from decades of watching moving pictures in the real-world media of TV and
movies.
As all such real-world media continues to migrate toward "everything digital", video too
is becoming digital.
Video delivery has evolved from the analog videotape format of the
1980s to a digital format delivered via CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and computer networks.
As
a series of digital numbers, digital video has the advantage of not degrading from
generation to generation, and, because it can reside on a computer disk, it is easy to
store, search, and retrieve.
It can also be edited and easily integrated with other media
such as text, graphics, images, sound, music, as well as transmitted without any loss in
quality.
And now it is possible to deliver digital video over computer networks including
corporate Intranets and public Internets directly to desktop computers.
What makes this network delivery possible is the emergence of new technology called
“video-streaming”.
Video streaming takes advantage of new video and audio
compression algorithms as well as new real-time network protocols that have been
developed specifically for streaming multimedia.
With video streaming, files can play as
they are downloaded to the client, thus eliminating the necessity to completely download
the file before playing, as has been the case in the past.
This has the advantages of
playing sooner, not occupying as much disk space, minimizing copyright concerns, and
reducing the bandwidth requirements of the video.
This white paper discusses the salient characteristics of this new video-streaming
technology.
How the properties of human vision shape the requirements of the
underlying video technology.
How the high bit rate and high capacity storage needs of
video drives the demand for high video compression and high bandwidth networks.
How
the real-time nature of video demands the utmost in I/O performance for high levels of
sustained throughput.
How the characteristics of video streaming shapes the
requirements of video server hardware.
And finally, how Compaq video streaming
servers meet these demanding requirements through high performance I/O architectures
and the adherence to industry standards.
Please direct comments regarding this communication to the ECG Emerging Markets and Advanced Technology Group at: