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MIDI Portamento Time (Control #5) Messages that control the duration of portamento, or a continuous pitch glide between successively played notes. „ 127: Maximum portamento time. „ 0: Minimum portamento time. When the parameter Portamento Switch (Control #65) is set to On, the value set here can adjust the speed of the pitch change. Data Entry MSB (Control #6) and Data Entry LSB (Control #38) These parameters specify the value of RPN MSB and RPN LSB events. The parameter value is determined by combining the MSB and LSB. Main Volume (Control #7) Messages that control the volume of each part. „ 127: Maximum volume. „ 0: Volume off. This provides detailed control over the level balance among the parts. Pan (Control #10) Messages that control the stereo panning position of each part (for stereo output). „ 127: Positions the sound to the far right. „ 0: Positions the sound to the far left. Expression (Control #11) Messages that control intonation expression of each part during performance. This parameter produces volume variations during playback: „ 127: Maximum volume. „ 0: Volume off. Hold1 (Control #64) Messages that control sustain on/off. Notes playing when the pedal is pressed will be sustained. „ 64 - 127: Sustain on. „ 0 - 63: Sustain off. When the pedal supports half-damper playing, a higher value results in longer sustain time. Portamento (Control Messages that control portamento On/Off. #65) „ 64 - 127: Portamento On. „ 0 - 63: Portamento Off. Sostenuto (Control #66) When Mono/Poly is set to Mono and this parameter is On, you can effectively perform legato passages by playing successive notes smoothly with no breaks between notes (in other words, holding down one key and not releasing it until the next is played). The length (degree) of the portamento effect is controlled by Portamento Time (Control #5). Messages that control sostenuto On/Off. „ 64 - 127: Sostenuto On. „ 0 - 63: Sostenuto Off. Holding specific notes and then pressing and holding the sostenuto pedal will sustain those notes as you play subsequent notes, until the pedal is released. 69

Section	Page
Introduction	1
Introduction	1
Introduction	1
This manual explains the parameters and technical terms that are used for synthesizers incorporating the Yamaha AWM2 sound generators.	1
This manual explains the parameters and technical terms that are used for synthesizers incorporating the Yamaha AWM2 sound generators.	1
You should use this manual together with the documentation unique to the product. Read the documentation first and use this para...	1
Information	1
Information	1
The contents of this manual and the copyrights thereof are under exclusive ownership by Yamaha Corporation.	1
The company names and product names in this manual are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.	1
Some functions and parameters in this manual may not be provided in your product.	1
The information in this manual is current as of October 2010.	1
Table Of Contents	2
1 Voice Parameters	4
1 Voice Parameters	4
1-1 Basic Terms	4
1-1 Basic Terms	4
1-1-1 Definitions	4
1-1-1 Definitions	4
1-1-1 Definitions	4
<TABLE>	4
<TABLE BODY>	4
<TABLE ROW>	4
Voice	4
Voice	4
A Voice is a musical instrument sound that is built into an Electronic Musical Instrument.	4
A Voice is a musical instrument sound that is built into an Electronic Musical Instrument.	4
There are two Voice Types:	4
Normal Voices	4
Normal Voices	4
Normal Voices	4
Drum Voices	4
Drum Voices	4
<TABLE ROW>	4
Normal Voice	4
Normal Voice	4
Normal Voices are mainly pitched musical instrument-type sounds.	4
Normal Voices are mainly pitched musical instrument-type sounds.	4
You can play over the range of the keyboard at the standard pitch for each key. Normal Voices consist of one or more Elements (see	4
\	4
<TABLE ROW>	4
Drum Voice	4
Drum Voice	4
Drum Voices are mainly percussion/drum sounds.	4
Drum Voices are mainly percussion/drum sounds.	4
A Drum Voice consists of mainly percussion/drum sounds that are assigned to individual notes on the keyboard, or a collection of assigned percussion/drum waves. The Drum Voice is also known as a Drum Kit.	4
<GRAPHIC>	4
<GRAPHIC>	4
Figure 1: Individual drum sounds, different for each key.	4
<TABLE ROW>	4
Element	4
Element	4
An Element is the smallest unit that makes up a Normal Voice.	4
An Element is the smallest unit that makes up a Normal Voice.	4
An Element is created by applying Voice Parameters to sound material. A single Normal Voice can be created by combining several Elements.	4
<TABLE ROW>	4
Drum Key	4
Drum Key	4
A Drum Key is the smallest unit that makes up a Drum Voice.	4
A Drum Key is the smallest unit that makes up a Drum Voice.	4
A Drum Key is assigned to individual notes on the Keyboard. The percussion/Drum wave is assigned to a Drum Key.	4
<TABLE ROW>	4
Voice Edit	4
Voice Edit	4
A function that lets you create your own Voices.	4
A function that lets you create your own Voices.	4
Use Voice Edit to adjust or apply Voice Parameters to a Voice.	4
For Normal Voices:	4
Use Common Edit to edit the settings that are common to all Elements;	4
Use Common Edit to edit the settings that are common to all Elements;	4
Use Common Edit to edit the settings that are common to all Elements;	4
Use Element Edit to edit the settings for each Element separately.	4
Use Element Edit to edit the settings for each Element separately.	4
For Drum Voices:	4
Use Common Edit to edit the settings that are common to all keys;	4
Use Common Edit to edit the settings that are common to all keys;	4
Use Common Edit to edit the settings that are common to all keys;	4
Use Key Edit to edit the settings for each key separately.	4
Use Key Edit to edit the settings for each key separately.	4
<TABLE ROW>	4
GM	4
GM	4
General MIDI (GM) is a worldwide standard for Voice organization and MIDI functions of synthesizers and tone generators.	4
General MIDI (GM) is a worldwide standard for Voice organization and MIDI functions of synthesizers and tone generators.	4
This standard ensures that any song sounds virtually the same on any GM device of any manufacturer. The GM Voice Bank on this sy...	4
1-2 Synthesis Parameters	5
1-2 Synthesis Parameters	5
1-2-1 Oscillator	5
1-2-1 Oscillator	5
1-2-1 Oscillator	5
An Oscillator outputs the waveform that determines the basic pitch of an Element and is one unit of the tone generator block of the Electronic Musical Instrument.	5
You can:	5
Assign the waveform (or basic sound material) to each Element of a Normal Voice or each key of a Drum Voice;	5
Assign the waveform (or basic sound material) to each Element of a Normal Voice or each key of a Drum Voice;	5
Assign the waveform (or basic sound material) to each Element of a Normal Voice or each key of a Drum Voice;	5
Set the note range for the Element (Normal Voice);	5
Set the note range for the Element (Normal Voice);	5
Set the Velocity response (Normal Voice);	5
Set the Velocity response (Normal Voice);	5
Set the XA (eXpanded Articulation) parameters.	5
Set the XA (eXpanded Articulation) parameters.	5
<TABLE>	5
<TABLE BODY>	5
<TABLE ROW>	5
Element Switch	5
Element Switch	5
Switches a selected Element On or Off.	5
Switches a selected Element On or Off.	5
Elements for which the Element Switch is switched off will not sound.	5
<TABLE ROW>	5
XA Control	5
XA Control	5
Determines the functioning of the Expanded Articulation (XA) feature of an Element.	5
Determines the functioning of the Expanded Articulation (XA) feature of an Element.	5
The XA feature is sophisticated tone generator system that allows you to more effectively recreate realistic sound and natural performance techniques. It also provides other unique modes for random and alternate sound changes as you play.	5
For each Element, you can set to:	5
For each Element, you can set to:	5
Normal: The Element sounds normally each time you play the note.	5
Normal: The Element sounds normally each time you play the note.	5
Normal	5
Legato: When the Mono/Poly parameter is set to	5
Legato: When the Mono/Poly parameter is set to	5
Legato	5
Mono	5
Key off sound: The Element will sound each time you release the note.	5
Key off sound: The Element will sound each time you release the note.	5
Key off sound	5
Wave cycle (for multiple Elements): Each Element sounds alternately according to its numerical order. In other words, playing the first note will sound Element 1, the second note Element 2, and so on.	5
Wave cycle (for multiple Elements): Each Element sounds alternately according to its numerical order. In other words, playing the first note will sound Element 1, the second note Element 2, and so on.	5
Wave cycle	5
Wave random (for multiple Elements): Each Element will sound randomly each time you play the note.	5
Wave random (for multiple Elements): Each Element will sound randomly each time you play the note.	5
Wave random	5
AF 1 on: When the ASSIGNABLE FUNCTION [1] button is turned	5
AF 1 on: When the ASSIGNABLE FUNCTION [1] button is turned	5
AF 1 on	5
On	5
AF 2 on: When the ASSIGNABLE FUNCTION [2] button is turned	5
AF 2 on: When the ASSIGNABLE FUNCTION [2] button is turned	5
AF 2 on	5
On	5
All AF off: When both the ASSIGNABLE FUNCTION [1] and [2] buttons are turned	5
All AF off: When both the ASSIGNABLE FUNCTION [1] and [2] buttons are turned	5
All AF off	5
Off	5
To create the desired sound, assign the same Element Group to all Elements that have the same XA features. See	5
\	5
<TABLE ROW>	5
Element Group	5
Element Group	5
Determines the group for XA Control.	5
Determines the group for XA Control.	5
The Elements of a group can be called up in sequential order or in random order. All Elements that have the same type of XA features must have the same group number.	5
This setting does not apply when the XA Control parameters of all Elements are set to Normal.	5
<TABLE ROW>	6
Waveform Bank	6
Waveform Bank	6
Specifies the Waveform Bank of an Element or Drum Key (Drum Voice).	6
Specifies the Waveform Bank of an Element or Drum Key (Drum Voice).	6
Preset	6
Preset	6
Preset	6
Preset	6
User: This lets you create User Waveforms based on samples that are recorded in the Sampling mode.	6
User: This lets you create User Waveforms based on samples that are recorded in the Sampling mode.	6
User	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Waveform Category and Number	6
Waveform Category and Number	6
Specifies the waveform of an Element (Normal Voice) or Drum Key (Drum Voice).	6
Specifies the waveform of an Element (Normal Voice) or Drum Key (Drum Voice).	6
The waveform is specified as a combination of a Waveform Category and a Waveform Number.	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Assign Mode (for Drum Voices)	6
Assign Mode (for Drum Voices)	6
Enables or disables double playback of the same note.	6
Enables or disables double playback of the same note.	6
Single: Double or repeated playback of the same note is not possible. The first note will be stopped, then the next note will be sounded.	6
Single: Double or repeated playback of the same note is not possible. The first note will be stopped, then the next note will be sounded.	6
Single: Double or repeated playback of the same note is not possible. The first note will be stopped, then the next note will be sounded.	6
Single	6
Multi: All notes are sounded simultaneously. This allows playback of the same note when it is played multiple times in succession (especially for tambourine and cymbal sounds that you would want to ring out to their full decay).	6
Multi: All notes are sounded simultaneously. This allows playback of the same note when it is played multiple times in succession (especially for tambourine and cymbal sounds that you would want to ring out to their full decay).	6
Multi	6
In general, you can use the setting	6
Multi	6
Multi	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Receive Note Off (for Drum Voices)	6
Receive Note Off (for Drum Voices)	6
Determines whether a Drum Key responds to the MIDI Note Off message or not.	6
Determines whether a Drum Key responds to the MIDI Note Off message or not.	6
On: Stops the sound when you release the key (Drum Key). For sustained, non-fading drum sounds.	6
On: Stops the sound when you release the key (Drum Key). For sustained, non-fading drum sounds.	6
On: Stops the sound when you release the key (Drum Key). For sustained, non-fading drum sounds.	6
On	6
Off: Continues the (fading) sound when you release the key (Drum Key).	6
Off: Continues the (fading) sound when you release the key (Drum Key).	6
Off	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Alternate Group (for Drum Voices)	6
Alternate Group (for Drum Voices)	6
Prevents playback of unnatural combinations of Drum Keys.	6
Prevents playback of unnatural combinations of Drum Keys.	6
You should assign Drum Keys that cannot be played simultaneously on a real Drum Kit (like open and closed hi-hats) to the same Alternate Group.	6
Select	6
Off	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Key On Delay	6
Key On Delay	6
Defines the time delay between when a key is pressed and the corresponding sound is actually played.	6
Defines the time delay between when a key is pressed and the corresponding sound is actually played.	6
The higher the value, the longer the delay time.	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Delay Tempo Sync	6
Delay Tempo Sync	6
Determines if the Key On Delay is synchronized to the tempo of the Arpeggio or sequencer (Song or Pattern).	6
Determines if the Key On Delay is synchronized to the tempo of the Arpeggio or sequencer (Song or Pattern).	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Delay Tempo	6
Delay Tempo	6
Determines the timing of the Key On Delay when the Delay Tempo Sync is set to On.	6
Determines the timing of the Key On Delay when the Delay Tempo Sync is set to On.	6
<TABLE ROW>	6
Velocity Cross Fade	6
Velocity Cross Fade	6
Determines how gradually the volume of an Element decreases in proportion to the distance of Velocity changes outside the Velocity Limit setting.	6
Determines how gradually the volume of an Element decreases in proportion to the distance of Velocity changes outside the Velocity Limit setting.	6
The higher the value, the more gradual the volume decreases.	6
The higher the value, the more gradual the volume decreases.	6
The higher the value, the more gradual the volume decreases.	6
0: No sound outside the Velocity Limit (see	6
0: No sound outside the Velocity Limit (see	6
0	6
\	6
Use this parameter to create natural-sounding Velocity cross fades, in which different Elements change gradually depending on the strength at which you play the keyboard.	6
<TABLE ROW>	7
Velocity Limit	7
Velocity Limit	7
Determines the minimum and maximum Velocity values in which an Element responds.	7
Determines the minimum and maximum Velocity values in which an Element responds.	7
Each Element will only sound for notes played between its specified Velocity Limits.	7
For example, this lets you have one Element sound when you play softly and have a different one sound when you play strongly.	7
If you first specify the maximum value and then the minimum value, for example \	7
<TABLE ROW>	7
Note Limit	7
Note Limit	7
Determines the lowest and highest notes of the keyboard range for an Element.	7
Determines the lowest and highest notes of the keyboard range for an Element.	7
The selected Element will sound only when you play notes within this range.	7
If you first specify the highest note and then the lowest note, for example \	7
1-2-2 Pitch	8
1-2-2 Pitch	8
1-2-2 Pitch	8
The processing unit that controls the pitch of the wave output from the Oscillator on the tone generator block of the Electronic Musical Instrument.	8
This unit controls the pitch of the sound (wave) output from the Oscillator. In the case of a Normal Voice, you can detune separ...	8
This unit controls the pitch of the sound (wave) output from the Oscillator. In the case of a Normal Voice, you can detune separ...	8
<TABLE>	8
<TABLE BODY>	8
<TABLE ROW>	8
Coarse Tuning	8
Coarse Tuning	8
Determines the pitch of each Element (Normal Voice) or each Drum Key (Drum Voice) in semitones.	8
Determines the pitch of each Element (Normal Voice) or each Drum Key (Drum Voice) in semitones.	8
<TABLE ROW>	8
Fine Tuning	8
Fine Tuning	8
Determines the pitch of each Element or each Drum Key in cents.	8
Determines the pitch of each Element or each Drum Key in cents.	8
The term \	8
<TABLE ROW>	8
Pitch Velocity Sensitivity	8
Pitch Velocity Sensitivity	8
Determines how the pitch of the Element or Drum Key responds to Velocity.	8
Determines how the pitch of the Element or Drum Key responds to Velocity.	8
Positive values: The pitch rises more, the harder you play the keyboard.	8
Positive values: The pitch rises more, the harder you play the keyboard.	8
Positive values: The pitch rises more, the harder you play the keyboard.	8
Negative values: The pitch falls more, the harder you play the keyboard.	8
Negative values: The pitch falls more, the harder you play the keyboard.	8
0: No change in pitch.	8
0: No change in pitch.	8
0	8
<TABLE ROW>	8
Fine Scaling Sensitivity	8
Fine Scaling Sensitivity	8
Determines the degree to which the notes (specifically, their position or Octave Range) affect the pitch in Fine Tuning of the selected Element, assuming C3 as the basic pitch.	8
Determines the degree to which the notes (specifically, their position or Octave Range) affect the pitch in Fine Tuning of the selected Element, assuming C3 as the basic pitch.	8
Positive values: The pitch of lower notes drops and that of higher notes rises.	8
Positive values: The pitch of lower notes drops and that of higher notes rises.	8
Positive values: The pitch of lower notes drops and that of higher notes rises.	8
Negative values: The pitch of lower notes rises and that of higher notes drops.	8
Negative values: The pitch of lower notes rises and that of higher notes drops.	8
<TABLE ROW>	8
Random	8
Random	8
This lets you randomly vary the pitch of the Element for each note you play.	8
This lets you randomly vary the pitch of the Element for each note you play.	8
The higher the value, the greater the pitch variation.	8
The higher the value, the greater the pitch variation.	8
The higher the value, the greater the pitch variation.	8
0: No pitch change.	8
0: No pitch change.	8
0	8
<TABLE ROW>	8
Pitch Key Follow Sensitivity	8
Pitch Key Follow Sensitivity	8
Determines the sensitivity of the Key Follow effect (the pitch interval of adjacent notes), assuming the pitch of the Center Key as standard.	8
Determines the sensitivity of the Key Follow effect (the pitch interval of adjacent notes), assuming the pitch of the Center Key as standard.	8
+100% (the normal setting): Adjacent notes are pitched one semitone apart.	8
+100% (the normal setting): Adjacent notes are pitched one semitone apart.	8
+100% (the normal setting): Adjacent notes are pitched one semitone apart.	8
+100%	8
0%: All notes are the same pitch specified as the Center Key.	8
0%: All notes are the same pitch specified as the Center Key.	8
0%	8
Negative values: The settings are reversed.	8
Negative values: The settings are reversed.	8
This parameter is useful for creating alternate tunings, or for use with sounds that do not need to be spaced in semitones, such as pitched drum sounds in a Normal Voice.	8
<TABLE ROW>	9
Pitch Key Follow Sensitivity Center Key	9
Pitch Key Follow Sensitivity Center Key	9
Determines the central note or pitch for Pitch Key Follow.	9
Determines the central note or pitch for Pitch Key Follow.	9
The note number set here is the same pitch as normal regardless of the Pitch Key Follow setting.	9
<GRAPHIC>	9
<GRAPHIC>	9
Figure 2: Pitch Key Follow and Center Key	9
A:	9
A:	9
A:	9
Lower range	9
Lower range	9
B:	9
B:	9
Center Key	9
Center Key	9
C:	9
C:	9
Higher range	9
Higher range	9
D:	9
D:	9
Amount of pitch change	9
Amount of pitch change	9
E:	9
E:	9
When Pitch Key Follow = 100	9
When Pitch Key Follow = 100	9
F:	9
F:	9
Large	9
Large	9
G:	9
G:	9
Small	9
Small	9
1-2-3 Pitch EG (Pitch Envelope Generator)	9
1-2-3 Pitch EG (Pitch Envelope Generator)	9
1-2-3 Pitch EG (Pitch Envelope Generator)	9
This lets you control the transition in pitch from the moment the sound starts to the moment the sound stops. You can create the...	9
<GRAPHIC>	9
<GRAPHIC>	9
Figure 3: Pitch Envelope Generator	9
A:	9
A:	9
A:	9
Key On: Pressing the key	9
Key On: Pressing the key	9
B:	9
B:	9
Key Off: Releasing the key	9
Key Off: Releasing the key	9
C:	10
C:	10
Time	10
Time	10
D:	10
D:	10
Pitch	10
Pitch	10
E:	10
E:	10
Hold Time	10
Hold Time	10
F:	10
F:	10
Attack Time	10
Attack Time	10
G:	10
G:	10
Decay 1 Time	10
Decay 1 Time	10
H:	10
H:	10
Decay 2 Time	10
Decay 2 Time	10
I:	10
I:	10
Release Time	10
Release Time	10
J:	10
J:	10
Hold Level	10
Hold Level	10
K:	10
K:	10
Attack Level	10
Attack Level	10
L:	10
L:	10
Decay 1 Level	10
Decay 1 Level	10
M:	10
M:	10
Decay 2 Level = Sustain Level	10
Decay 2 Level = Sustain Level	10
N:	10
N:	10
Release Level	10
Release Level	10
<TABLE>	10
<TABLE BODY>	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Hold Time	10
Hold Time	10
Determines the time between the moment you press a key on the keyboard and the moment the envelope starts to rise.	10
Determines the time between the moment you press a key on the keyboard and the moment the envelope starts to rise.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Attack Time	10
Attack Time	10
Determines the speed of attack from the initial pitch (Hold Level) to the normal pitch of the Voice after the hold time has elapsed.	10
Determines the speed of attack from the initial pitch (Hold Level) to the normal pitch of the Voice after the hold time has elapsed.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Decay 1 Time	10
Decay 1 Time	10
Determines how fast the envelope falls from the normal pitch (Attack Level) of the Voice to the pitch specified as the Decay 1 Level.	10
Determines how fast the envelope falls from the normal pitch (Attack Level) of the Voice to the pitch specified as the Decay 1 Level.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Decay 2 Time	10
Decay 2 Time	10
Determines how fast the envelope falls from the pitch specified as the Decay 1 Level to the pitch specified as the Decay 2 Level.	10
Determines how fast the envelope falls from the pitch specified as the Decay 1 Level to the pitch specified as the Decay 2 Level.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Release Time	10
Release Time	10
Determines how fast the envelope falls from the pitch specified as the Decay 2 Level to the pitch specified as the Release Level when the note is released.	10
Determines how fast the envelope falls from the pitch specified as the Decay 2 Level to the pitch specified as the Release Level when the note is released.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Hold Level	10
Hold Level	10
Determines the initial pitch at the moment the key is pressed.	10
Determines the initial pitch at the moment the key is pressed.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Attack Level	10
Attack Level	10
Determines the normal pitch of the pressed key.	10
Determines the normal pitch of the pressed key.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Decay 1 Level	10
Decay 1 Level	10
Determines the level which the pitch of sound reaches from the Attack Level after the Decay 1 time elapses.	10
Determines the level which the pitch of sound reaches from the Attack Level after the Decay 1 time elapses.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Decay 2 Level	10
Decay 2 Level	10
Determines the sustain-level pitch which will be maintained while a note is held.	10
Determines the sustain-level pitch which will be maintained while a note is held.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Release Level	10
Release Level	10
Determines the final pitch reached after the note is released.	10
Determines the final pitch reached after the note is released.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
EG Depth	10
EG Depth	10
Determines the range over which the pitch envelope changes.	10
Determines the range over which the pitch envelope changes.	10
0: The pitch does not change.	10
0: The pitch does not change.	10
0: The pitch does not change.	10
0	10
The farther from 0 the value is, the larger the pitch range.	10
The farther from 0 the value is, the larger the pitch range.	10
Negative values: The pitch change is reversed.	10
Negative values: The pitch change is reversed.	10
<TABLE ROW>	11
EG Depth Velocity Sensitivity	11
EG Depth Velocity Sensitivity	11
Determines how the pitch range of the Element responds to Velocity.	11
Determines how the pitch range of the Element responds to Velocity.	11
Positive values: High Velocities cause the pitch range to expand and low Velocities cause it to contract, as shown in	11
Positive values: High Velocities cause the pitch range to expand and low Velocities cause it to contract, as shown in	11
Positive values: High Velocities cause the pitch range to expand and low Velocities cause it to contract, as shown in	11
Figure 4	11
Negative values: High Velocities cause the pitch range to contract and low Velocities cause it to expand.	11
Negative values: High Velocities cause the pitch range to contract and low Velocities cause it to expand.	11
0: The pitch envelope does not change, regardless of the Velocity.	11
0: The pitch envelope does not change, regardless of the Velocity.	11
0	11