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Preface

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Preface The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format for representing documents in a manner independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system used to create them and of the output device on which they are to be displayed or printed. What's in this guide? This document describes Adobe's extension and implementation notes relative to the soon-to-be-published ISO 32000, Document management, Portable document format, PDF 1.7. Until ISO 32000 is published, this document will reference the PDF specification represented by the PDF Reference, sixth edition, version 1.7 (Nov. 2006) and the PDF Redaction: Addendum to the PDF Reference, sixth edition, version 1.7. The next version of this document to be released after ISO 32000 is published will reference specifications in ISO 32000. The extensions are to the PDF document format. Adobe plans to submit these extensions to ISO as candidates for inclusion into the next version of the ISO 32000 specification. The implementation notes are differences between the PDF specification, including the extensions, and what is implemented in Adobe PDF applications, such as Adobe Acrobat. Who should read this guide? This guide is intended for developers of applications that consume or produce PDF content. The implementation notes are intended for developers who need more detail about the Adobe Acrobat family of products. Related documentation The resources in this table can help you understand the material in this document. These documents, with the exception of ISO 32000, are available through the Adobe PDF Technology Center (select "PDF Specification, Sixth Edition"). For information about Resource PDF specification PDF Reference, sixth edition, version 1.7 PDF specification for redaction annotations PDF Redaction: Addendum to the PDF Reference, sixth edition, version 1.7 Corrections to the PDF specification Errata for the PDF Reference, sixth edition, version 1.7 Changes made to content taken from Adobe PDF ISO 32000 - Summary of Changes, 1.7 Reference and ported into the ISO32000 About the ISO Draft of the PDF 1.7 Reference draft. ISO version of the PDF Reference. This document ISO 32000 is not yet publicly available. 5

Section	Page
Contents	3
Preface	5
What’s in this guide?	5
Who should read this guide?	5
Related documentation	5
Transitioning the PDF Specification to ISO	6
Extensions to the PDF specification	6
Behavior of PDF consumers that does not support an extension	6
Subsequent extensions to a BaseVersion	6
Plans related to the first version of ISO 32000	7
Plans related to subsequent versions of ISO 32000	7
Part I: Extensions to the PDF Specification	8
What’s New	9
Adobe BaseVersion 1.7 and ExtensionLevel 3	9
Extension identification	9
Bates numbering page artifact	9
Features for Architecture, Engineering and Construction	9
Enforced viewer preferences	9
Persistence of 3D measurements and markup	9
Accessibility	10
Portable collections	10
Rich media	10
Seed values and locking a document for digital signatures	10
Encryption and passwords	10
Barcode form fields	11
PDF/A-2 and XML form data	11
Adobe BaseVersion 1.7 and ExtensionLevel 1	11
PRC in 3D annotations	11
Other	11
Universal 3D file format	11
Support for rich text conventions	12
Syntax (Chapter 3 in PDF Reference)	13
3.5 Encryption	13
3.5.1 General Encryption Algorithm	15
Algorithm 3.1a Encryption of data using the AES algorithm	16
3.5.2 Standard Security Handler	16
Standard Encryption Dictionary	16
Encryption Key Algorithm	18
Algorithm 3.2 Computing an encryption key	18
Algorithm 3.2a Computing an encryption key	19
Password Algorithms	19
Algorithm 3.8 Computing the encryption dictionary’s U (user password) and UE (user encryption key) values	20
Algorithm 3.9 Computing the encryption dictionary’s O (owner password) and OE (owner encryption key) values	20
Algorithm 3.10 Computing the encryption dictionary’s Perms (permissions) value	20
Algorithm 3.11 Authenticating the User Password	21
Algorithm 3.12 Authenticating the Owner Password	21
Algorithm 3.13 Validating the Permissions	21
3.5.3 Public-Key Security Handlers	21
Public-Key Encryption Algorithms	21
3.5.4 Crypt Filters	22
3.6 Document Structure	23
3.6.1 Document Catalog	23
3.6.2 Page Tree	23
3.6.3 Name Dictionary	23
3.6.4 Extensions to PDF	23
3.10 File Specifications	26
3.10.2 File Specification Dictionaries	26
Graphics (Chapter 4 in PDF Reference)	27
4.8 Images	27
4.8.4 Image Dictionaries	27
4.9 Form XObjects	27
4.9.1 Form Dictionaries	27
Interactive Features (Chapter 8 in PDF Reference)	28
8.2 Document-Level Navigation	28
8.1 Viewer Preferences	28
8.2.4 Collections	28
Navigators	34
Resources name tree	36
String table	37
8.4 Annotations	37
8.4.5 Annotation Types	38
Markup Annotations	38
Widget Annotations	39
Projection Annotations	39
8.5 Actions	40
8.5.3 Action Types	40
Rich-Media-Execute Actions	40
8.6 Interactive Forms	42
8.6.3 Field Types	43
Signature Fields	43
Barcode Fields	45
8.6.7 XFA Forms	48
Incorporation of XFA Datasets into a PDF/A-2 Conforming File	48
8.8 Measurement Properties	48
8.8.1 Geospatial Features	49
Geospatial Measure Dictionary	49
Geographic Coordinate System Dictionary	51
Projected Coordinate System Dictionary	52
Example: A WKT describing a geographic coordinate system	52
Example: A WKT describing a projected coordinate system	53
Point Data Dictionary	53
Multimedia Features (Chapter 9 in PDF Reference)	55
9.5 3D Artwork	55
9.5.1 3D Annotations	55
9.5.2 3D Streams	56
9.5.3 3D Views	57
9.5.3 3D Views (Node Dictionaries)	57
9.5.6 Persistence of 3D Measurements and Markups	59
The 3D Units Dictionary	59
3D Measurement/Markup Dictionary	62
3D Linear Dimension Measurement	63
3D Perpendicular Dimension Measurement	65
3D Angular Dimension Measurement	67
3D Radial Dimension	71
3D Comment Note	74
3D Measurements and Projection Annotations	75
9.6 Rich Media	76
9.6.1 RichMedia Annotations	76
RichMediaSettings Dictionary	78
RichMediaActivation Dictionary	78
RichMediaDeactivation Dictionary	80
RichMediaAnimation Dictionary	80
Example: A RichMediaSettings dictionary	81
RichMediaPresentation Dictionary	82
RichMediaWindow Dictionary	84
Example: A RichMediaPresentation Dictionary	85
RichMediaContent dictionary	86
The Assets name tree	87
Example: Assets name tree	87
RichMediaConfiguration Dictionary	88
RichMediaInstance Dictionary	88
Example: RichMediaInstance dictionaries	89
RichMediaParams Dictionary	90
CuePoint Dictionary	91
Example: The RichMediaParams Dictionary	92
View Dictionary	92
View Params Dictionary	93
Extended Example	94
Document Interchange (Chapter 10 in PDF Reference)	100
10.7 Tagged PDF	100
10.7.1 Tagged PDF and Page Content	100
Real Content and Artifacts	100
Bibliography	102
Resources from Adobe Systems Incorporated	102
Other Resources	103
Part II: Reference Errors and Implementation Notes	105
Implementation Notes	106
Implementation Notes to the PDF Reference, sixth edition	106
1.2 Introduction to PDF 1.7 Features	106
3.1.2 Comments	106
3.2.4 Name Objects	106
3.2.7 Stream Objects	107
3.2.9 Indirect Objects	107
3.3 Filters	107
3.3.7 DCTDecode Filter	108
3.4 File Structure	108
3.4.1 File Header	108
3.4.3 Cross-Reference Table	109
3.4.4 File Trailer	109
3.4.6 Object Streams	109
3.4.7 Cross-Reference Streams (Cross-Reference Stream Dictionary)	109
3.4.7 Cross-Reference Streams (Compatibility with PDF 1.4)	109
3.5 Encryption	109
3.5.2 Standard Security Handler (Standard Encryption Dictionary)	109
3.5.2 Standard Security Handler (Encryption Key Algorithm)	110
3.5.2 Standard Security Handler (Password Algorithms)	110
3.5.4 Crypt Filters	110
3.6.1 Document Catalog	110
3.6.2 Page Tree (Page Objects)	110
3.7.1 Content Streams	111
3.9.1 Type 0 (Sampled) Functions	111
3.9.2 Type 2 (Exponential Interpolation) Functions	111
3.9.3 Type 3 (Stitching) Functions	111
3.9.4 Type 4 (PostScript Calculator) Functions	111
3.10.2 File Specification Dictionaries	111
Example: Acrobat does not correctly interpret a file specification.	111
4.5.2 Color Space Families	112
4.5.5 Special Color Spaces (DeviceN Color Spaces)	112
4.5.5 Special Color Spaces (Multitone Examples)	112
4.6 Patterns	112
4.7 External Objects	112
4.8.4 Image Dictionaries	112
4.8.5 Masked Images	113
4.9.1 Form Dictionaries	113
4.9.3 Reference XObjects	113
5.2.5 Text Rendering Mode	113
5.3.2 Text-Showing Operators	113
5.5.1 Type 1 Fonts	113
5.5.1 Type 1 Fonts (Standard Type 1 Fonts (Standard 14 Fonts))	114
5.5.3 Font Subsets	115
5.5.4 Type 3 Fonts	115
5.6.4 CMaps	115
5.7 Font Descriptors	115
5.8 Embedded Font Programs	115
6.4.2 Spot Functions	115
6.5.4 Automatic Stroke Adjustment	116
7.5.2 Specifying Blending Color Space and Blend Mode	116
7.5.3 Specifying Shape and Opacity (Mask Shape and Opacity)	116
8.2.2 Document Outline	116
8.3.1 Page Labels	116
8.4 Annotations	116
Interaction between accessibility preference and annotation tab order	117
Accessibility preference selected (default setting)	117
Accessibility preference not selected	117
Reordering of annotations	118
8.4.1 Annotation Dictionaries	118
8.4.2 Annotation Flags	118
8.4.3 Border Styles	119
8.4.4 Appearance Streams	119
8.4.5 Annotation Types	119
8.4.5 Annotation Types (Link Annotations)	119
8.4.5 Annotation Types (Polygon and Polyline Annotations)	119
8.4.5 Annotation Types (Text Markup Annotations)	119
8.4.5 Annotation Types (Ink Annotations)	119
8.4.5 Annotation Types (File Attachment Annotations)	119
8.4.5 Annotation Types (Markup Annotations)	120
8.4.5 Annotation Types (Watermark Annotations)	120
8.5.2 Trigger Events	120
8.5.3 Action Types (Launch Actions)	120
8.5.3 Action Types (URI Actions)	120
8.5.3 Action Types (Sound Actions)	120
8.5.3 Action Types (Movie Actions)	120
8.5.3 Action Types (Hide Actions)	121
8.5.3 Action Types (Named Actions)	121
8.6.1 Interactive Form Dictionary	121
8.6.2 Field Dictionaries (Field Names)	121
8.6.2 Field Dictionaries (Variable Text)	121
8.6.2 Field Dictionaries (Rich Text Strings)	121
8.6.3 Field Dictionaries (Button Fields)	122
8.6.3 Field Types (Choice Fields)	122
8.6.4 Form Actions (Submit-Form Actions)	122
8.6.4 “Form Actions (Import-Data Actions)	122
8.6.4 Form Actions (JavaScript Actions)	122
8.6.6 Forms Data Format (FDF Header)	122
8.6.6 Forms Data Format (FDF Catalog)	123
8.6.6 Forms Data Format (FDF Fields)	123
8.6.6 Forms Data Format (FDF Pages)	123
8.7 Digital Signatures	124
8.7.1 Transform Methods	124
8.7.2 Signature Interoperability	124
8.9 Document Requirements	125
9.1 Multimedia	125
9.1.3 Media Clip Objects (Media Clip Data)	125
9.2 Sounds	125
9.3 Movies	125
9.4 Alternate Presentations	126
9.5 3D Artwork	126
10.1 Procedure Sets	126
10.2 Metadata	127
10.2.2 Metadata Streams	127
10.3 File Identifiers	127
10.9.2 Content Database (Digital Identifiers)	127
10.9.3 Content Sets (Image Sets)	127
10.9.4 Source Information (URL Alias Dictionaries)	127
10.10.1 Page Boundaries	128
10.10.4 Output Intents	128
10.10.5 Trapping Support (Trap Network Annotations)	128
10.10.6 Open Prepress Interface (OPI)	128
Appendix C Implementation Limits	129
F.2.2 Linearization Parameter Dictionary (Part 2)	129
F.2.6 First-Page Section (Part 6)	129
F.2.8 Shared Objects (Part 8)	129
F.3.1 Page Offset Hint Table	129
F.3.2 Shared Object Hint Table	129
Implementation Notes to Adobe Extensions to ISO 32000	130

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Preface

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format for representing documents in a manner

independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system used to create them and of the

output device on which they are to be displayed or printed.

What’s in this guide?

This document describes Adobe’s extension and implementation notes relative to the

soon-to-be-published ISO 32000,

Document management, Portable document format, PDF 1.7

. Until

ISO 32000 is published, this document will reference the PDF specification represented by the

PDF

Reference, sixth edition, version 1.7

(Nov. 2006) and the

PDF Redaction: Addendum to the PDF Reference, sixth

edition, version 1.7

. The next version of this document to be released after ISO 32000 is published will

reference specifications in ISO 32000.

The extensions are to the PDF document format. Adobe plans to submit these extensions to ISO as

candidates for inclusion into the next version of the ISO 32000 specification. The implementation notes are

differences between the PDF specification, including the extensions, and what is implemented in Adobe

PDF applications, such as Adobe Acrobat.

Who should read this guide?

This guide is intended for developers of applications that consume or produce PDF content. The

implementation notes are intended for developers who need more detail about the Adobe Acrobat family

of products.