Asus A7VI-VM Motherboard DIY Troubleshooting Guide - Page 96

7. APPENDIX Glossary 7. APPENDIX IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) IDE devices integrate the drive control circuitry directly on the drive itself, eliminating the need for a separate adapter card (in the case for SCSI devices). UltraDMA/33 IDE devices can achieve up to 33MB/Sec transfer. LPT Port (Line Printer Port) Logical device name reserved by DOS for the computer parallel ports. Each LPT port is configured to use a different IRQ and address assignment. MMX A set of 57 new instructions based on a technique called Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD), which is built into the new Intel Pentium PP/MT (P55C) and Pentium II (Klamath) CPU as well as other x86-compatible microprocessors. The MMX instructions are designed to accelerate multimedia and communications applications, such as 3D video, 3D sound, video conference. PC100 SDRAM is Intel's goal is to ensure that memory subsystems continue to support evolving platform requirements and to assure that memory does not become a bottleneck to system performance. It is especially important to ensure that the PC memory roadmap evolves together with the performance roadmaps for the processors, I/O and graphics. PCI Bus (Peripheral Component Interconnect Local Bus) PCI bus is a specification that defines a 32-bit data bus interface. PCI is a standard widely used by expansion card manufacturers. PCI Bus Master The PCI Bus Master can perform data transfer without local CPU help and furthermore, the CPU can be treated as one of the Bus Masters. PCI 2.1 supports concurrent PCI operation to allow the local CPU and bus master to work simultaneously. Plug and Play BIOS The ISA bus architecture requires the allocation of memory and I/O address, DMA channels and interrupt levels among multiple ISA cards. However, configuration of ISA cards is typically done with jumpers that change the decode maps for memory and I/O space and steer the DMA and interrupt signals to different pins on the bus. Further, system configuration files may need to be updated to reflect these changes. Users typically resolve sharing conflicts by referring to documentation provided by each manufacturer. For the average user, this configuration process can be unreliable and frustrating. Plug and play (PnP) BIOS eliminates the ISA add-on card hardware conflict problem. The PnP BIOS uses a memory block to define and remember each card's configuration, which allows the user to change the card's IRQs and DMA in BIOS either automatically or manually. POST (Power On Self Test) When you turn ON the computer, it will first run through the POST, a series of software-controlled diagnostic tests. The POST checks system memory, the motherboard circuitry, the display, the keyboard, the diskette drive, and other I/O devices. PS/2 Port PS/2 ports are based on IBM Micro Channel Architecture. This type of architecture transfers data through a 16-bit or 32-bit bus. A PS/2 mouse and/or keyboard may be used on ATX motherboards. ROM (Read Only Memory) ROM is nonvolatile memory used to store permanent programs (called firmware) used in certain computer components. Flash ROM (or EEPROM) can be reprogrammed with new programs (or BIOS). SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) High speed multi-threaded I/O interface defined by the X3T9.2 committee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for connecting many peripheral devices. The standard started from 10MBytes/sec to 160MBytes/sec available today. SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) The SDRAM features a fully synchronous operation referenced to a positive edge clock whereby all operations are synchronized at a clock input which enables the coexistence of high performance and a simple user interface. SDRAM takes memory access away from the CPU's control; internal registers in the chips accept the request, and let the CPU do something else while the data requested is assembled for the next time the CPU talks to the memory. As they work on their own clock cycle, the rest of the system can be clocked faster. There is a version optimized for video cards, and main memory for motherboards. SPD for SDRAM module Serial Presence Detect (SPD) is most like an ID detect for SDRAM module, it using an EEPROM component on DIMM module for storing module configuration information inside. The Serial Presence Detect function is implemented using a 2048 bit EEPROM component. This nonvolatile storage device contains data programmed by the DIMM manufacturer that identifies the module type and various SDRAM organization and timing parameters. System Disk A system disk contains the core file of an operating system and is used to boot up the operating system. UltraDMA Ultra DMA/33 is a "synchronous DMA" protocol designed by Intel. This function is included into Intel's PIIX4 chipset. The traditional IDE transfer only uses one edge of the data stroke as the data transfer. Ultra DMA/33 uses both edges of data strobe when the data is transferred. Hence, the data transfer rate is double of the PIO mode 4 or DMA mode 2 (16.6MB/s x2 = 33MB/s) on ATA-2 devices. Ultra ATA/66, also known as Ultra DMA/66, is an extension of current Ultra ATA/33 interface. This high-speed interface has doubled the Ultra ATA/33 burst data transfer rate to 66.6 Mbytes/sec and maximized disk performance under current PCI local bus environment USB (Universal Serial Bus) A 4-pin serial cable bus that allows up to 127 plug and play computer peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer, modem, and monitor to share a bandwidth through a host scheduled token based protocol. This allows attaching or detaching while the host and other peripherals are in operation. Supports synchronous and asynchronous transfer types over the same set of wires up to 12Mbit/sec. USB 2.0 provides twice the transfer rate compared to USB 1.0 and competes with the 1394 standard. Wake-On-LAN Computer will automatically wake-up upon receiving a wake-up packet through a Network interface when it is under power softoff, suspend or sleep mode. 90 ASUS A7VI-VM User's Manual