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Dell Force10 S60-44T FTOS Configuration Guide for the S60 System FTOS 8.3.3.8 - Page 148

AS Path, through. The local AS number is added by the BGP speaker when advertising to a eBGP neighbor.

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www.dell.com | support.dell.com Generally, an IGP indicator means that the route was derived inside the originating AS. EGP generally means that a route was learned from an external gateway protocol. An INCOMPLETE origin code generally results from aggregation, redistribution or other indirect ways of installing routes into BGP. In FTOS, these origin codes appear as shown in Figure 8-7. The question mark (?) indicates an Origin code of INCOMPLETE. The lower case letter (i) indicates an Origin code of IGP. Figure 8-7. Origin attribute reported Force10#show ip bgp BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.101.15.13 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best Path source: I - internal, a - aggregate, c - confed-external, r - redistributed, n - network Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network *> 7.0.0.0/29 *> 7.0.0.0/30 *> 9.2.0.0/16 Next Hop 10.114.8.33 10.114.8.33 10.114.8.33 Metric 0 0 10 LocPrf Weight Path 0 18508 ? 0 18508 ? 0 18508 701 i AS Path The AS Path is the list of all Autonomous Systems that all the prefixes listed in the update have passed through. The local AS number is added by the BGP speaker when advertising to a eBGP neighbor. In FTOS the AS Path is shown in Figure 8-8. Note that the Origin attribute is shown following the AS Path information. Figure 8-8. AS Path attribute reported Force10#show ip bgp paths Total 30655 Paths Address Hash Refcount Metric Path 0x4014154 0 3 18508 701 3549 19421 i 0x4013914 0 3 18508 701 7018 14990 i 0x5166d6c 0 3 18508 209 4637 1221 9249 9249 i 0x5e62df4 0 2 18508 701 17302 i 0x3a1814c 0 26 18508 209 22291 i 0x567ea9c 0 75 18508 209 3356 2529 i 0x6cc1294 0 2 18508 209 1239 19265 i 0x6cc18d4 0 1 18508 701 2914 4713 17935 i 0x5982e44 0 162 18508 209 i 0x67d4a14 0 2 18508 701 19878 ? 0x559972c 0 31 18508 209 18756 i 0x59cd3b4 0 2 18508 209 7018 15227 i 0x7128114 0 10 18508 209 3356 13845 i 0x536a914 0 3 18508 209 701 6347 7781 i 0x2ffe884 0 1 18508 701 3561 9116 21350 i 148 | Border Gateway Protocol IPv4 (BGPv4)

Section	Page
About this Guide	23
Objectives	23
Audience	23
Conventions	24
Information Symbols	24
Related Documents	24
Configuration Fundamentals	25
Accessing the Command Line	25
CLI Modes	26
Navigating CLI Modes	27
The do Command	30
Undoing Commands	30
Obtaining Help	31
Entering and Editing Commands	31
Command History	32
Filtering show Command Outputs	33
Multiple Users in Configuration mode	34
Getting Started	35
Console access	35
Serial console	36
Accessing the RJ-45 console port with a DB-9 adapter	36
USB-B console	37
Default Configuration	39
Configure a Host Name	40
Access the System Remotely	40
Access the C-Series and E-Series and the S60 Remotely	40
Configure the Management Port IP Address	41
Configure a Management Route	41
Configure a Username and Password	41
Access the S-Series Remotely	42
Configure the Enable Password	43
Configuration File Management	43
Copy Files to and from the System	44
Important Points to Remember	44
Save the Running-configuration	45
View Files	46
View Configuration Files	47
File System Management	48
View command history	49
Upgrading and Downgrading FTOS	49
Management	51
Configure Privilege Levels	51
Create a Custom Privilege Level	51
Removing a command from EXEC mode	52
Move a command from EXEC privilege mode to EXEC mode	52
Allow Access to CONFIGURATION mode commands	52
Allow Access to INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and ROUTER mode	52
Apply a Privilege Level to a Username	55
Apply a Privilege Level to a Terminal Line	55
Configure Logging	55
Log Messages in the Internal Buffer	56
Configuration Task List for System Log Management	56
Disable System Logging	56
Send System Messages to a Syslog Server	57
Configure a Unix System as a Syslog Server	57
Change System Logging Settings	57
Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration	58
Configure a UNIX logging facility level	60
Synchronize log messages	61
Enable timestamp on syslog messages	61
File Transfer Services	62
Configuration Task List for File Transfer Services	62
Enable FTP server	63
Configure FTP server parameters	63
Configure FTP client parameters	64
Terminal Lines	64
Deny and Permit Access to a Terminal Line	64
Configure Login Authentication for Terminal Lines	65
Time out of EXEC Privilege Mode	66
Telnet to Another Network Device	67
Lock CONFIGURATION mode	68
Viewing the Configuration Lock Status	69
Recovering from a Forgotten Password on the S60	69
Recovering from a Forgotten Enable Password on the S60	70
Recovering from a Failed Start on the S60	71
802.1ag	73
Ethernet CFM	73
Maintenance Domains	74
Maintenance Points	74
Maintenance End Points	75
Implementation Information	76
Configure CFM	76
Related Configuration Tasks	76
Enable Ethernet CFM	77
Create a Maintenance Domain	77
Create a Maintenance Association	78
Create Maintenance Points	78
Create a Maintenance End Point	78
Create a Maintenance Intermediate Point	79
MP Databases	79
MP Database Persistence	80
Continuity Check Messages	81
Enable CCM	82
Enable Cross-checking	82
Loopback Message and Response	82
Linktrace Message and Response	82
Link Trace Cache	83
Enable CFM SNMP Traps.	84
Display Ethernet CFM Statistics	85
802.1X	87
Protocol Overview	87
The Port-authentication Process	88
EAP over RADIUS	89
RADIUS Attributes for 802.1 Support	90
Configuring 802.1X	91
Related Configuration Tasks	91
Important Points to Remember	91
Enabling 802.1X	91
Configuring Request Identity Re-transmissions	93
Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication	94
Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port	95
Re-authenticating a Port	96
Periodic Re-authentication	96
Configuring Timeouts	97
Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication	98
Guest and Authentication-fail VLANs	99
Configuring a Guest VLAN	100
Configuring an Authentication-fail VLAN	100
Access Control Lists (ACL), Prefix Lists, and Route-maps	103
Overview	103
IP Access Control Lists (ACLs)	104
CAM Profiling, CAM Allocation, and CAM Optimization	104
CAM Profiling	105
User Configurable CAM Allocation	105
CAM optimization	106
Test CAM Usage	106
Implementing ACLs on FTOS	107
ACLs and VLANs	107
ACL Optimization	107
Determine the order in which ACLs are used to classify traffic	107
IP Fragment Handling	108
IP fragments ACL examples	109
Layer 4 ACL rules examples	109
Configure a standard IP ACL	110
Configure an extended IP ACL	113
Configure filters with sequence number	113
Configure filters without sequence number	115
Configuring Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs on an Interface	116
Assign an IP ACL to an Interface	117
Counting ACL Hits	118
Configuring Ingress ACLs	118
Configuring Egress ACLs	119
Egress Layer 3 ACL Lookup for Control-plane IP Traffic	120
Configuring ACLs to Loopback	121
Applying an ACL on Loopback Interfaces	121
IP Prefix Lists	122
Implementation Information	123
Configuration Task List for Prefix Lists	123
Configure a prefix list	123
Use a prefix list for route redistribution	126
ACL Resequencing	127
Resequencing an ACL or Prefix List	128
Route Maps	129
Implementation Information	129
Important Points to Remember	129
Configuration Task List for Route Maps	130
Create a route map	130
Configure route map filters	132
Configure a route map for route redistribution	135
Configure a route map for route tagging	136
Continue clause	136
Border Gateway Protocol IPv4 (BGPv4)	137
Protocol Overview	138
Autonomous Systems (AS)	138
Sessions and Peers	140
Establishing a session	140
Peer Groups	141
Route Reflectors	141
Confederations	142
Communities	142
BGP Attributes	143
Best Path Selection Criteria	143
Best Path selection details	144
Weight	146
Local Preference	146
Multi-Exit Discriminators (MEDs)	146
Origin	147
AS Path	148
Next Hop	149
Multiprotocol BGP	149
Implementing BGP with FTOS	149
Advertise IGP cost as MED for redistributed routes	149
Ignore Router-ID for some best-path calculations	150
4-Byte AS Numbers	150
AS4 Number Representation	151
Dynamic AS Number Notation application	152
AS Number Migration	153
BGP4 Management Information Base (MIB)	155
Important Points to Remember	155
Configuration Information	156
BGP Configuration	157
Defaults	157
Configuration Task List for BGP	157
Enable BGP	158
Configure AS4 Number Representations	162
Configure Peer Groups	164
BGP fast fall-over	167
Configure passive peering	170
Maintain existing AS numbers during an AS migration	171
Allow an AS number to appear in its own AS path	172
Enable graceful restart	173
Filter on an AS-Path attribute	175
Redistribute routes	178
Configure IP community lists	179
Manipulate the COMMUNITY attribute	182
Change MED attribute	183
Change LOCAL_PREFERENCE attribute	184
Change NEXT_HOP attribute	185
Change WEIGHT attribute	185
Enable multipath	186
Filter BGP routes	186
Configure BGP route reflectors	189
Aggregate routes	190
Configure BGP confederations	190
Enable route flap dampening	191
Change BGP timers	195
BGP neighbor soft-reconfiguration	195
Route map continue	197
MBGP Configuration	198
BGP Regular Expression Optimization	199
Debugging BGP	199
Storing Last and Bad PDUs	200
Capturing PDUs	201
PDU Counters	203
Sample Configurations	203
Bare Metal Provisioning 2.0	213
Prerequisites	213
Restrictions	214
Overview	214
Jumpstart mode	215
DHCP Server	215
DHCP Configuration	215
MAC-Based IP assignment	216
DHCP Retry Mechanism	217
File Server	218
Domain Name Server	218
Switch boot and set-up behavior in Jumpstart Mode	218
Content Addressable Memory	221
Content Addressable Memory	221
CAM Profiles	222
Microcode	224
CAM Profiling for ACLs	224
Boot Behavior	225
When to Use CAM Profiling	227
Important Points to Remember	227
Select CAM Profiles	227
CAM Allocation	228
Test CAM Usage	229
View CAM Profiles	230
View CAM-ACL settings	230
View CAM Usage	231
Configure IPv4Flow Sub-partitions	232
Configure Ingress Layer 2 ACL Sub-partitions	234
Return to the Default CAM Configuration	236
CAM Optimization	237
Applications for CAM Profiling	237
LAG Hashing	237
LAG Hashing based on Bidirectional Flow	238
CAM profile for the VLAN ACL group feature	238
Troubleshoot CAM Profiling	238
CAM Profile Mismatches	238
QoS CAM Region Limitation	239
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)	241
Protocol Overview	241
DHCP Packet Format and Options	242
Assigning an IP Address using DHCP	243
Implementation Information	244
Configuration Tasks	244
Configure the System to be a DHCP Server	245
Configuration Tasks	245
Related Configuration Tasks	245
Configure the Server for Automatic Address Allocation	246
Create an IP Address Pool	246
Exclude Addresses from the Address Pool	246
Specify an Address Lease Time	246
Specify a Default Gateway	247
Enable DHCP Server	247
Configure a Method of Hostname Resolution	248
Address Resolution using DNS	248
Address Resolution using NetBIOS WINS	248
Create Manual Binding Entries	249
Debug DHCP server	249
DHCP Clear Commands	249
Configure the System to be a Relay Agent	250
Configure the System for User Port Stacking	251
Configure Secure DHCP	251
Option 82	251
DHCP Snooping	252
Enable DCHP snooping	253
Add a static entry in the binding table	253
Clear the binding table	253
Display the contents of the binding table	253
Drop DHCP packets on snooped VLANs only	254
Dynamic ARP Inspection	255
Bypass the ARP Inspection	257
Source Address Validation	257
IP Source Address Validation	257
DHCP MAC Source Address Validation	258
IP+MAC Source Address Validation	258
Force10 Resilient Ring Protocol	261
Protocol Overview	261
Ring Status	262
Ring Checking	262
Ring Failure	263
Ring Restoration	263
Multiple FRRP Rings	263
Member VLAN Spanning Two Rings Connected by One Switch	263
Important FRRP Points	264
Important FRRP Concepts	265
Implementing FRRP	266
FRRP Configuration	267
Create the FRRP group	267
Configure the Control VLAN	267
Configure and add the Member VLANs	269
Set FRRP Timers	270
Clear FRRP counters	270
Show FRRP configuration	271
Show FRRP information	271
Troubleshooting FRRP	271
Configuration Checks	271
Sample Configuration and Topology	271
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol	275
Protocol Overview	275
Important Points to Remember	275
Configuring GVRP	276
Related Configuration Tasks	277
Enabling GVRP Globally	277
Enabling GVRP on a Layer 2 Interface	278
Configuring GVRP Registration	278
Configuring a GARP Timer	279
Internet Group Management Protocol	281
IGMP Implementation Information	281
IGMP Protocol Overview	282
IGMP version 2	282
Joining a Multicast Group	282
Leaving a Multicast Group	283
IGMP version 3	283
Joining and Filtering Groups and Sources	284
Leaving and Staying in Groups	285
Configuring IGMP	286
Related Configuration Tasks	286
Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces	286
Selecting an IGMP Version	287
Viewing IGMP Groups	287
Adjusting Timers	288
Adjusting Query and Response Timers	288
Adjusting the IGMP Querier Timeout Value	288
Configuring a Static IGMP Group	289
Enabling IGMP Immediate-leave	289
IGMP Snooping	290
IGMP Snooping Implementation Information	290
Configuring IGMP Snooping	290
Related Configuration Tasks	290
Enabling IGMP Immediate-leave	290
Disabling Multicast Flooding	291
Specifying a Port as Connected to a Multicast Router	291
Configuring the Switch as Querier	291
Adjusting the Last Member Query Interval	292
Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes	292
Designating a Multicast Router Interface	292
Interfaces	293
Basic Interface Configuration:	293
Advanced Interface Configuration:	293
Interface Types	294
View Basic Interface Information	294
Enable a Physical Interface	296
Physical Interfaces	297
Configuration Task List for Physical Interfaces	297
Overview of Layer Modes	298
Configure Layer 2 (Data Link) Mode	298
Configure Layer 3 (Network) Mode	299
Management Interfaces	300
Configure Management Interfaces on the E-Series and C-Series and on the S60	300
Important Things to Remember — virtual-ip	301
Configure Management Interfaces on the S-Series	302
VLAN Interfaces	303
Loopback Interfaces	304
Null Interfaces	304
Port Channel Interfaces	305
Port channel definition and standards	305
Port channel benefits	305
Port channel implementation	305
10/100/1000 Mbps interfaces in port channels	306
Configuration task list for port channel interfaces	307
Create a port channel	307
Add a physical interface to a port channel	308
Reassign an interface to a new port channel	310
Configure the minimum oper up links in a port channel (LAG)	311
Add or remove a port channel from a VLAN	311
Assign an IP address to a port channel	312
Delete or disable a port channel	312
Load balancing through port channels	313
E-Series load-balancing	313
IPv4, IPv6, and non-IP traffic handling on the E-Series	315
C-Series and S-Series load-balancing	315
Hash algorithm	316
Bulk Configuration	317
Interface Range	317
Bulk Configuration Examples	318
Create a single-range	318
Create a multiple-range	318
Exclude duplicate entries	318
Exclude a smaller port range	318
Overlap port ranges	319
Commas	319
Add ranges	319
Interface Range Macros	319
Define the Interface Range	320
Choose an Interface-range Macro	320
Monitor and Maintain Interfaces	320
Maintenance using TDR	322
Link Debounce Timer	323
Important Points to Remember about Link Debounce Timer	323
Assign a debounce time to an interface	324
Show debounce times in an interface	324
Disable ports when one only SFM is available (E300 only)	324
Disable port on one SFM	325
Link Dampening	325
Important Points to Remember	325
Enable Link Dampening	326
Clear Dampening Counters	326
Link Dampening Support for XML	327
Configure MTU size on an Interface	327
Ethernet Pause Frames	327
Threshold Settings	328
Enable Pause Frames	329
Configure MTU Size on an Interface	330
Port-pipes	331
Auto-Negotiation on Ethernet Interfaces	332
Setting speed and duplex mode of Ethernet Interfaces	332
Setting Auto-Negotiation Options	333
Adjust the keepalive timer	334
View Advanced Interface Information	334
Display Only Configured Interfaces	334
Configure Interface Sampling Size	335
Dynamic Counters	336
Clear interface counters	338
IPv4 Addressing	339
IP Addresses	339
Implementation Information	340
Configuration Task List for IP Addresses	340
Assign IP addresses to an interface	340
Configure static routes	342
Configure static routes for the management interface	343
Directed Broadcast	344
Resolution of Host Names	344
Enable dynamic resolution of host names	344
Specify local system domain and a list of domains	345
DNS with traceroute	346
ARP	346
Configuration Task List for ARP	347
Configure static ARP entries	347
Enable Proxy ARP	348
Clear ARP cache	348
ARP Learning via Gratuitous ARP	349
ARP Learning via ARP Request	350
Configurable ARP Retries	351
ICMP	351
Configuration Task List for ICMP	351
Enable ICMP unreachable messages	351
Enable ICMP redirects	352
UDP Helper	352
Configuring UDP Helper	352
Important Points to Remember about UDP Helper	353
Enabling UDP Helper	353
Configuring a Broadcast Address	353
Configurations Using UDP Helper	354
UDP Helper with Broadcast-all Addresses	354
UDP Helper with Subnet Broadcast Addresses	355
UDP Helper with Configured Broadcast Addresses	356
UDP Helper with No Configured Broadcast Addresses	356
Troubleshooting UDP Helper	357
IPv6 Addressing	359
Protocol Overview	359
Extended Address Space	360
Stateless Autoconfiguration	360
IPv6 Headers	361
Version (4 bits)	361
Traffic Class (8 bits)	362
Flow Label (20 bits)	362
Payload Length (16 bits)	362
Next Header (8 bits)	362
Hop Limit (8 bits)	363
Source Address (128 bits)	363
Destination Address (128 bits)	363
Extension Header fields	363
Hop-by-Hop Options header	364
Addressing	364
Link-local Addresses	365
Static and Dynamic Addressing	365
Implementing IPv6 with FTOS	366
ICMPv6	368
Path MTU Discovery	368
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery	369
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery of MTU packets	370
QoS for IPv6	370
IPv6 Multicast	370
SSH over an IPv6 Transport	371
Configuration Task List for IPv6	371
Change your CAM-Profile on an E-Series system	372

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148

Border Gateway Protocol IPv4 (BGPv4)

www.dell.com | support.dell.com

Generally, an IGP indicator means that the route was derived inside the originating AS. EGP generally

means that a route was learned from an external gateway protocol. An INCOMPLETE origin code

generally results from aggregation, redistribution or other indirect ways of installing routes into BGP.

In FTOS, these origin codes appear as shown in

Figure 8-7

. The question mark (?) indicates an Origin code

of INCOMPLETE. The lower case letter (i) indicates an Origin code of IGP.

Figure 8-7.

Origin attribute reported

AS Path

The AS Path is the list of all Autonomous Systems that all the prefixes listed in the update have passed

through. The local AS number is added by the BGP speaker when advertising to a eBGP neighbor.

In FTOS the AS Path is shown in

Figure 8-8

. Note that the Origin attribute is shown following the AS Path

information.

Figure 8-8.

AS Path attribute reported

Force10#show ip bgp

BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.101.15.13

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best

Path source: I - internal, a - aggregate, c - confed-external, r - redistributed, n - network

Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

Network

Next Hop

Metric

LocPrf Weight Path

7.0.0.0/29

10.114.8.33

0 18508

7.0.0.0/30

10.114.8.33

0 18508

9.2.0.0/16

10.114.8.33

0 18508

701 i

Force10#show ip bgp paths

Total 30655 Paths

Address

Hash Refcount Metric Path

0x4014154

3 18508

701 3549 19421 i

0x4013914

3 18508

701 7018 14990 i

0x5166d6c

3 18508

209 4637 1221 9249 9249 i

0x5e62df4

2 18508

701 17302 i

0x3a1814c

26 18508

209 22291 i

0x567ea9c

75 18508

209 3356 2529 i

0x6cc1294

2 18508

209 1239 19265 i

0x6cc18d4

1 18508

701 2914 4713 17935 i

0x5982e44

162 18508

209 i

0x67d4a14

2 18508

701 19878 ?

0x559972c

31 18508

209 18756 i

0x59cd3b4

2 18508

209 7018 15227 i

0x7128114

10 18508

209 3356 13845 i

0x536a914

3 18508

209 701 6347 7781 i

0x2ffe884

1 18508

701 3561 9116 21350 i