Lenovo PC 300GL Understanding Your Personal Computer 6267, 6277, 6287 - Page 58

Business Machines Corporation., address bus

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Glossary This glossary includes terms and definitions from the IBM Dictionary of Computing, New York: McGraw-Hill, copyright 1994 by International Business Machines Corporation. Copies may be purchased from McGraw-Hill or in bookstores. A adapter. A printed circuit board that modifies the system unit to allow it to operate in a particular way. address. (1) A value that identifies a register or a particular part of storage. The value is represented by one or more characters. (2) The location in the storage of a computer where data is stored. (3) To refer to a specific storage location by specifying the value that identifies the location. address bus. The path used for the transmission of address information in a computer. AGP. accelerated graphics port analog. (1) Pertaining to data consisting of continuously variable physical quantities. (2) Contrast with digital. application program. (1) A program that is specific to the solution of an application problem. (2) A program written for or by a user that applies to the user's work, such as a program that does inventory control or payroll. architecture. See computer architecture. audio controller. An audio controller receives input from a microphone or input line, digitizes the signal, and stores it in the computer. The controller can play back the digitized signal to an external speaker or headphones. auxiliary storage. Addressable storage, other than memory, that can be accessed by means of an input/output channel; for example, direct access storage devices or magnetic tape. B back up. To copy information, usually to diskette or tape, for safekeeping. backup. Pertaining to a system, device, file, or facility that can be used in the event of a malfunction or loss of data. baud rate. A number representing the speed at which information travels over a communication line. The higher the number, the faster communication occurs. bay. An area within a personal computer that provides space and physical support for storage devices. binary. Pertaining to a system of numbers to the base 2; binary digits are 0 and 1. BIOS (basic input/output system). Code that controls basic hardware operations such as interactions with diskette drives, hard disk drives, and the keyboard. bit. Either of the digits 0 or 1 when used in the binary numeration system. buffer. (1) A routine or storage used to compensate for a difference in rate of flow of data, or time of occurrence of events, when transferring data from one device to another. (2) A portion of storage used to hold input or output data temporarily. bus. One or more conductors used for transmitting signals, data, or power. See also address bus, data bus, and expansion bus. bus master. A device or subsystem that controls data transfers between itself and a slave. byte. A string that consists of a number of bits, usually 8, that are treated as a unit and represent a character. 50 © Copyright IBM Corp. 1998

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Glossary
This glossary includes terms and definitions from
the
IBM Dictionary of Computing
, New York:
McGraw-Hill, copyright 1994 by International
Business Machines Corporation.
Copies may be
purchased from McGraw-Hill or in bookstores.
A
adapter
.
A printed circuit board that modifies the
system unit to allow it to operate in a particular
way.
address
.
(1)
A value that identifies a register or a
particular part of storage.
The value is represented
by one or more characters.
(2)
The location in the
storage of a computer where data is stored.
(3) To
refer to a specific storage location by specifying the
value that identifies the location.
address bus
.
The path used for the transmission of
address information in a computer.
AGP
.
accelerated graphics port
analog
.
(1)
Pertaining to data consisting of
continuously variable physical quantities.
(2)
Contrast with digital.
application program
.
(1)
A program that is specific
to the solution of an application problem.
(2) A
program written for or by a user that applies to the
user's work, such as a program that does inventory
control or payroll.
architecture
.
See computer architecture.
audio controller
.
An audio controller receives input
from a microphone or input line, digitizes the signal,
and stores it in the computer.
The controller can
play back the digitized signal to an external speaker
or headphones.
auxiliary storage
.
Addressable storage, other than
memory, that can be accessed by means of an
input/output channel; for example, direct access
storage devices or magnetic tape.
B
back up
.
To copy information, usually to diskette
or tape, for safekeeping.
backup
.
Pertaining to a system, device, file, or
facility that can be used in the event of a
malfunction or loss of data.
baud rate
.
A number representing the speed at
which information travels over a communication
line.
The higher the number, the faster
communication occurs.
bay
.
An area within a personal computer that
provides space and physical support for storage
devices.
binary
.
Pertaining to a system of numbers to the
base 2; binary digits are 0 and 1.
BIOS (basic input/output system)
.
Code that
controls basic hardware operations such as
interactions with diskette drives, hard disk drives,
and the keyboard.
bit
.
Either of the digits 0 or 1 when used in the
binary numeration system.
buffer
.
(1)
A routine or storage used to
compensate for a difference in rate of flow of data,
or time of occurrence of events, when transferring
data from one device to another.
(2)
A portion of
storage used to hold input or output data
temporarily.
bus
.
One or more conductors used for transmitting
signals, data, or power.
See also address bus, data
bus, and expansion bus.
bus master
.
A device or subsystem that controls
data transfers between itself and a slave.
byte
.
A string that consists of a number of bits,
usually 8, that are treated as a unit and represent a
character.
50
Copyright IBM Corp. 1998