Sharp EL5020 Operation Manual - Page 2

Integral calculation (Simpson's rule): S=-13 h{ƒ(a)+4{ƒ(a+h)+ƒ(a+3h a+(N-1)h)} +2{ƒ(a+2h)+ƒ(a+4h a+(N-2)h)}+f(b)} Differential calculation: f'(x)=-f(-x+--d2-x-)--f (-x---d2x--) dx   h=b-N--a  N=2n  a≤x≤b [When performing integral calculations] Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals included, require y longer calculation time. During calculation, "Cal- culating!" will be displayed. To cancel calcula- tion, press ª. Note that there will be greater integral errors when there are large fluctua- tions in the integral values during minute shifting of the integral range and for periodic functions, etc., where positive and negative integral values exist depending on the interval. a x0 x1 bx x2 x3 x0 y x2 For the former case, divide integral intervals b as small as possible. For the latter case, a x separate the positive and negative values. x1 x3 Following these tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time. Random Function The Random function has four settings for use in the normal or statistics mode. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in succession, press ®. Press ª to exit. • The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory Y. Each random number is based on a number series. [Random Numbers] A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0®. [Random Dice] To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @`1®. [Random Coin] To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly generated by pressing @`2®. [Random Integer] An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @`3®. Angular Unit Conversions Each time @g are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence. Memory Calculations Mode NORMAL STAT EQN CPLX : Available ANS M, F1-F4 × × × × : Unavailable A-F, X, Y × × × [Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)] Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory. Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press K and a variable key. [Independent memory (M)] In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value. Press ªOM to clear the independent memory (M). [Last answer memory (ANS)] The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory. [Formula memories (F1-F4)] Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4. (Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the existing equation. Note: • Calculation results from the functions indicated below are auto- matically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values. • Random function ...... Y memory • →rθ, →xy X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y) • Use of R or K will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits. Chain Calculations • The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions. • When using postfix functions (¿ , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the use of the ª or @c keys. Fraction Calculations Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a fraction. • If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number. Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base) Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal numbers. Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys: @ê (" " appears appears.), @î (" " appears appears " " and " " disappear.) Note: The hexadecimal numbers A - F are entered by pressing ß, ™, L, ÷, l, and I, and displayed as follows: A → ï, B → ∫, C → ó, D → ò, E → ô, F → ö In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement. Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows: degree second minute Coordinate Conversions • Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit. Y P (x,y) Y P (r,θ ) y ↔ r 0 x X θ 0 X Rectangular coord. Polar coord. • The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X and Y. • Value of r or x: X memory • Value of θ or y: Y memory Calculations Using Physical Constants See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. A constant is recalled by pressing ß followed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number. The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places. Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), equation mode, or statistics mode. Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edition of the "Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)" released by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) or on ISO specifications. No. Constant 01 Speed of light in vacuum 02 Newtonian constant of gravitation 03 Standard acceleration of gravity 04 Electron mass 05 Proton mass 06 Neutron mass 07 Muon mass 08 Atomic mass unit-kilogram relationship 09 Elementary charge 10 Planck constant 11 Boltzmann constant 12 Magnetic constant 13 Electric constant 14 Classical electron radius 15 Fine-structure constant 16 Bohr radius 17 Rydberg constant 18 Magnetic flux quantum 19 Bohr magneton 20 Electron magnetic moment 21 Nuclear magneton 22 Proton magnetic moment 23 Neutron magnetic moment 24 Muon magnetic moment 25 Compton wavelength 26 Proton Compton wavelength No. Constant 27 Stefan-Boltzmann constant 28 Avogadro constant 29 Molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) 30 Molar gas constant 31 Faraday constant 32 Von Klitzing constant 33 Electron charge to mass quotient 34 Quantum of circulation 35 Proton gyromagnetic ratio 36 Josephson constant 37 Electron volt 38 Celsius Temperature 39 Astronomical unit 40 Parsec 41 Molar mass of carbon-12 42 Planck constant over 2 pi 43 Hartree energy 44 Conductance quantum 45 Inverse fine-structure constant 46 Proton-electron mass ratio 47 Molar mass constant 48 Neutron Compton wavelength 49 First radiation constant 50 Second radiation constant 51 Characteristic impedance of vacuum 52 Standard atmosphere