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ICMP Sends Per Sec Limit setting

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Alphabetical Index heartbeats, 525 issues, 532 link monitor usage, 536 making OSPF work, 532 mechanisms, 525 physical interconnection, 523 resynchronizing units, 527 setting up, 528 sync failure, 527 unique shared MAC, 531 upgrading NetDefendOS, 534 with IDP and anti-virus, 526 with IPv6, 97 with transparent mode, 237 host monitoring for route failover, 177 HTML pages content filtering customizing, 334 web auth customizing, 404 HTTP ALG, 267 authentication, 399 whitelist precedence, 269 HTTP poster, 161 HTTPS Certificate setting, 53 HTTP URI normalization in IDP, 346 I ICMP Sends Per Sec Limit setting, 555 ICMP Unreachable message, 140 IDENT and IP rules, 139 identification lists, 435 IDP, 343 blacklisting, 351 HTTP URI normalization, 346 signature groups, 349 signatures, 348 signature wildcarding, 350 SMTP log receivers, 351 traffic shaping, 354, 506 using individual signatures, 354 Iface poll interval setting, 179 IGMP, 220 advanced settings, 230 configuration, 225 rules configuration, 228 IGMP Before Rules setting, 230 IGMP Idle Lifetime setting, 558 IGMP Last Member Query Interval setting, 231 IGMP Lowest Compatible Version setting, 230 IGMP Max Interface Requests setting, 231 IGMP Max Total Requests setting, 231 IGMP Query Interval setting, 231 IGMP Query Response Interval setting, 231 IGMP React To Own Queries setting, 230 IGMP Robustness Variable setting, 231 IGMP Router Version setting, 231 IGMP Startup Query Count setting, 231 IGMP Startup Query Interval setting, 232 IGMP Unsolicated Report Interval setting, 232 IKE, 423 algorithm proposals, 424 lifetimes, 424 negotiation, 424 parameters, 425 IKE CRL Validity Time setting, 454 IKE Max CA Path setting, 455 IKE Send CRLs setting, 454 IKE Send Initial Contact setting, 454 ikesnoop VPN troubleshooting, 446, 479 Illegal Fragments setting, 562 Initial Silence (HA) setting, 537 insertion attack prevention, 347 Interface Alias (SNMP) setting, 75 Interface Description (SNMP) setting, 75 interfaces, 106 disabling, 107 groups, 124 loopback, 106, 107 physical, 106 internet key exchange (see IKE) Interval between synchronization setting, 158 intrusion, detection and prevention (see IDP) intrusion detection rule, 345 invalid checksum in cluster heartbeats, 532 IP address objects, 92 IP Option Sizes setting, 548 IP Options Other setting, 548 IP Option Source/Return setting, 548 IP Options Timestamps setting, 548 IP pools, 259 with config mode, 444 IP Reserved Flag setting, 548 IP router alert option setting, 548 IP rules, 135, 135 actions, 139 bi-directional connections, 140 drop all rules, 137 evaluation order, 138 IPv6 usage, 137 rule set folders, 141 rule sets, 136 TCP sequence number alteration, 140 IPsec, 423 advanced settings, 453 algorithm proposal lists, 433 and IP rules, 438 clients, 418 dead peer detection, 439 keep-alive, 439 LAN to LAN setup, 414 NAT traversal, 431 overview, 423 quick start guide, 413 roaming clients setup, 416 troubleshooting, 477 tunnel establishment, 438 tunnels, 438 IPsec Before Rules setting, 454 usage, 438 IPsec Certificate Cache Max setting, 455 IPsec Gateway Name Cache Time setting, 455 IPsec Max Rules setting, 453 584

Section	Page
User Manual	3
Table of Contents	4
Preface	15
Chapter 1. NetDefendOS Overview	17
1.1. Features	17
1.2. NetDefendOS Architecture	20
1.2.1. State-based Architecture	20
1.2.2. NetDefendOS Building Blocks	20
1.2.3. Basic Packet Flow	21
1.3. NetDefendOS State Engine Packet Flow	24
Chapter 2. Management and Maintenance	29
2.1. Managing NetDefendOS	29
2.1.1. Overview	29
2.1.2. The Default Administrator Account	30
2.1.3. The Web Interface	30
2.1.4. The CLI	36
2.1.5. CLI Scripts	44
2.1.6. Secure Copy	48
2.1.7. The Console Boot Menu	50
2.1.8. Management Advanced Settings	52
2.1.9. Working with Configurations	53
2.2. Events and Logging	59
2.2.1. Overview	59
2.2.2. Log Messages	59
2.2.3. Creating Log Receivers	60
2.2.4. Logging to MemoryLogReceiver	60
2.2.5. Logging to Syslog Hosts	60
2.2.6. Severity Filter and Message Exceptions	62
2.2.7. SNMP Traps	62
2.2.8. Advanced Log Settings	64
2.3. RADIUS Accounting	65
2.3.1. Overview	65
2.3.2. RADIUS Accounting Messages	65
2.3.3. Interim Accounting Messages	67
2.3.4. Activating RADIUS Accounting	67
2.3.5. RADIUS Accounting Security	68
2.3.6. RADIUS Accounting and High Availability	68
2.3.7. Handling Unresponsive RADIUS Servers	68
2.3.8. Accounting and System Shutdowns	69
2.3.9. Limitations with NAT	69
2.3.10. RADIUS Advanced Settings	69
2.4. Monitoring	71
2.4.1. The Link Monitor	71
2.4.2. SNMP Monitoring	73
2.4.3. Hardware Monitoring	76
2.4.4. Memory Monitoring Settings	78
2.5. The pcapdump Command	80
2.6. Maintenance	83
2.6.1. Auto-Update Mechanism	83
2.6.2. Backing Up Configurations	83
2.6.3. Restore to Factory Defaults	85
Chapter 3. Fundamentals	88
3.1. The Address Book	88
3.1.1. Overview	88
3.1.2. IP Addresses	88
3.1.3. Ethernet Addresses	90
3.1.4. Address Groups	91
3.1.5. Auto-Generated Address Objects	92
3.1.6. Address Book Folders	92
3.2. IPv6 Support	93
3.3. Services	98
3.3.1. Overview	98
3.3.2. Creating Custom Services	99
3.3.3. ICMP Services	102
3.3.4. Custom IP Protocol Services	104
3.3.5. Service Groups	104
3.3.6. Custom Service Timeouts	105
3.4. Interfaces	106
3.4.1. Overview	106
3.4.2. Ethernet Interfaces	108
3.4.2.1. Useful CLI Commands for Ethernet Interfaces	112
3.4.3. VLAN	115
3.4.4. PPPoE	118
3.4.5. GRE Tunnels	120
3.4.6. Interface Groups	124
3.5. ARP	126
3.5.1. Overview	126
3.5.2. The NetDefendOS ARP Cache	126
3.5.3. Creating ARP Objects	128
3.5.4. Using ARP Advanced Settings	130
3.5.5. ARP Advanced Settings Summary	131
3.6. IP Rules	135
3.6.1. Security Policies	135
3.6.2. IP Rule Evaluation	138
3.6.3. IP Rule Actions	139
3.6.4. Editing IP rule set Entries	140
3.6.5. IP Rule Set Folders	141
3.6.6. Configuration Object Groups	142
3.7. Schedules	146
3.8. Certificates	148
3.8.1. Overview	148
3.8.2. Certificates in NetDefendOS	150
3.8.3. CA Certificate Requests	151
3.9. Date and Time	153
3.9.1. Overview	153
3.9.2. Setting Date and Time	153
3.9.3. Time Servers	154
3.9.4. Settings Summary for Date and Time	157
3.10. DNS	160
Chapter 4. Routing	164
4.1. Overview	164
4.2. Static Routing	165
4.2.1. The Principles of Routing	165
4.2.2. Static Routing	169
4.2.3. Route Failover	174
4.2.4. Host Monitoring for Route Failover	177
4.2.5. Advanced Settings for Route Failover	179
4.2.6. Proxy ARP	180
4.3. Policy-based Routing	183
4.4. Route Load Balancing	190
4.5. OSPF	196
4.5.1. Dynamic Routing	196
4.5.2. OSPF Concepts	199
4.5.3. OSPF Components	204
4.5.3.1. OSPF Router Process	204
4.5.3.2. OSPF Area	206
4.5.3.3. OSPF Interface	207
4.5.3.4. OSPF Neighbors	209
4.5.3.5. OSPF Aggregates	209
4.5.3.6. OSPF VLinks	209
4.5.4. Dynamic Routing Rules	210
4.5.4.1. Overview	210
4.5.4.2. Dynamic Routing Rule	212
4.5.4.3. OSPF Action	212
4.5.4.4. Routing Action	213
4.5.5. Setting Up OSPF	213
4.5.6. An OSPF Example	217
4.6. Multicast Routing	220
4.6.1. Overview	220
4.6.2. Multicast Forwarding with SAT Multiplex Rules	221
4.6.2.1. Multicast Forwarding - No Address Translation	221
4.6.2.2. Multicast Forwarding - Address Translation Scenario	224
4.6.3. IGMP Configuration	225
4.6.3.1. IGMP Rules Configuration - No Address Translation	227
4.6.3.2. IGMP Rules Configuration - Address Translation	228
4.6.4. Advanced IGMP Settings	230
4.7. Transparent Mode	233
4.7.1. Overview	233
4.7.2. Enabling Internet Access	238
4.7.3. Transparent Mode Scenarios	239
4.7.4. Spanning Tree BPDU Support	243
4.7.5. Advanced Settings for Transparent Mode	244
Chapter 5. DHCP Services	249
5.1. Overview	249
5.2. DHCP Servers	250
5.2.1. Static DHCP Hosts	253
5.2.2. Custom Options	255
5.3. DHCP Relaying	256
5.3.1. DHCP Relay Advanced Settings	257
5.4. IP Pools	259
Chapter 6. Security Mechanisms	263
6.1. Access Rules	263
6.1.1. Overview	263
6.1.2. IP Spoofing	264
6.1.3. Access Rule Settings	264
6.2. ALGs	266
6.2.1. Overview	266
6.2.2. The HTTP ALG	267
6.2.3. The FTP ALG	270
6.2.4. The TFTP ALG	279
6.2.5. The SMTP ALG	280
6.2.5.1. Anti-Spam Filtering	283
6.2.6. The POP3 ALG	289
6.2.7. The PPTP ALG	290
6.2.8. The SIP ALG	291
6.2.9. The H.323 ALG	302
6.2.10. The TLS ALG	316
6.3. Web Content Filtering	319
6.3.1. Overview	319
6.3.2. Active Content Handling	319
6.3.3. Static Content Filtering	320
6.3.4. Dynamic Web Content Filtering	322
6.3.4.1. Overview	322
6.3.4.2. Setting Up WCF	323
6.3.4.3. Content Filtering Categories	327
6.3.4.4. Customizing WCF HTML Pages	334
6.4. Anti-Virus Scanning	337
6.4.1. Overview	337
6.4.2. Implementation	337
6.4.3. Activating Anti-Virus Scanning	338
6.4.4. The Signature Database	338
6.4.5. Subscribing to the D-Link Anti-Virus Service	339
6.4.6. Anti-Virus Options	339
6.5. Intrusion Detection and Prevention	343
6.5.1. Overview	343
6.5.2. IDP Availability for D-Link Models	343
6.5.3. IDP Rules	345
6.5.4. Insertion/Evasion Attack Prevention	347
6.5.5. IDP Pattern Matching	348
6.5.6. IDP Signature Groups	349
6.5.7. IDP Actions	350
6.5.8. SMTP Log Receiver for IDP Events	351
6.6. Denial-of-Service Attack Prevention	355
6.6.1. Overview	355
6.6.2. DoS Attack Mechanisms	355
6.6.3. Ping of Death and Jolt Attacks	355
6.6.4. Fragmentation overlap attacks: Teardrop, Bonk, Boink and Nestea	356
6.6.5. The Land and LaTierra attacks	356
6.6.6. The WinNuke attack	356
6.6.7. Amplification attacks: Smurf, Papasmurf, Fraggle	357
6.6.8. TCP SYN Flood Attacks	358
6.6.9. The Jolt2 Attack	358
6.6.10. Distributed DoS Attacks	358
6.7. Blacklisting Hosts and Networks	360
Chapter 7. Address Translation	363
7.1. Overview	363
7.2. NAT	364
7.3. NAT Pools	369
7.4. SAT	372
7.4.1. Translation of a Single IP Address (1:1)	372
7.4.2. Translation of Multiple IP Addresses (M:N)	377
7.4.3. All-to-One Mappings (N:1)	379
7.4.4. Port Translation	381
7.4.5. Protocols Handled by SAT	381
7.4.6. Multiple SAT Rule Matches	381
7.4.7. SAT and FwdFast Rules	382
Chapter 8. User Authentication	385
8.1. Overview	385
8.2. Authentication Setup	387
8.2.1. Setup Summary	387
8.2.2. The Local Database	387
8.2.3. External RADIUS Servers	389
8.2.4. External LDAP Servers	389
8.2.5. Authentication Rules	396
8.2.6. Authentication Processing	398
8.2.7. A Group Usage Example	399
8.2.8. HTTP Authentication	399
8.3. Customizing Authentication HTML Pages	404
Chapter 9. VPN	409
9.1. Overview	409
9.1.1. VPN Usage	409
9.1.2. VPN Encryption	410
9.1.3. VPN Planning	411
9.1.4. Key Distribution	411
9.1.5. The TLS Alternative for VPN	412
9.2. VPN Quick Start	413
9.2.1. IPsec LAN to LAN with Pre-shared Keys	414
9.2.2. IPsec LAN to LAN with Certificates	415
9.2.3. IPsec Roaming Clients with Pre-shared Keys	416
9.2.4. IPsec Roaming Clients with Certificates	418
9.2.5. L2TP Roaming Clients with Pre-Shared Keys	419
9.2.6. L2TP Roaming Clients with Certificates	421
9.2.7. PPTP Roaming Clients	421
9.3. IPsec Components	423
9.3.1. Overview	423
9.3.2. Internet Key Exchange (IKE)	423
9.3.3. IKE Authentication	429
9.3.4. IPsec Protocols (ESP/AH)	430
9.3.5. NAT Traversal	431
9.3.6. Algorithm Proposal Lists	433
9.3.7. Pre-shared Keys	434
9.3.8. Identification Lists	435
9.4. IPsec Tunnels	438
9.4.1. Overview	438
9.4.2. LAN to LAN Tunnels with Pre-shared Keys	440
9.4.3. Roaming Clients	440
9.4.4. Fetching CRLs from an alternate LDAP server	445
9.4.5. Troubleshooting with ikesnoop	446
9.4.6. IPsec Advanced Settings	453
9.5. PPTP/L2TP	457
9.5.1. PPTP Servers	457
9.5.2. L2TP Servers	458
9.5.3. L2TP/PPTP Server advanced settings	463
9.5.4. PPTP/L2TP Clients	463
9.6. SSL VPN	466
9.6.1. Overview	466
9.6.2. Configuring SSL VPN in NetDefendOS	467
9.6.3. Installing the SSL VPN Client	469
9.6.4. Setup Example	472
9.7. CA Server Access	474
9.8. VPN Troubleshooting	477
9.8.1. General Troubleshooting	477
9.8.2. Troubleshooting Certificates	478
9.8.3. IPsec Troubleshooting Commands	478
9.8.4. Management Interface Failure with VPN	479
9.8.5. Specific Error Messages	479
9.8.6. Specific Symptoms	482
Chapter 10. Traffic Management	485
10.1. Traffic Shaping	485
10.1.1. Overview	485
10.1.2. Traffic Shaping in NetDefendOS	486
10.1.3. Simple Bandwidth Limiting	488
10.1.4. Limiting Bandwidth in Both Directions	489
10.1.5. Creating Differentiated Limits Using Chains	490
10.1.6. Precedences	492
10.1.7. Pipe Groups	496
10.1.8. Traffic Shaping Recommendations	499
10.1.9. A Summary of Traffic Shaping	500
10.1.10. More Pipe Examples	501
10.2. IDP Traffic Shaping	506
10.2.1. Overview	506
10.2.2. Setting Up IDP Traffic Shaping	506
10.2.3. Processing Flow	507
10.2.4. The Importance of Specifying a Network	507
10.2.5. A P2P Scenario	508
10.2.6. Viewing Traffic Shaping Objects	509
10.2.7. Guaranteeing Instead of Limiting Bandwidth	510
10.2.8. Logging	510
10.3. Threshold Rules	511
10.4. Server Load Balancing	514
10.4.1. Overview	514
10.4.2. SLB Distribution Algorithms	515
10.4.3. Selecting Stickiness	516
10.4.4. SLB Algorithms and Stickiness	517
10.4.5. Server Health Monitoring	518
10.4.6. Setting Up SLB_SAT Rules	519
Chapter 11. High Availability	523
11.1. Overview	523
11.2. HA Mechanisms	525
11.3. Setting Up HA	528
11.3.1. HA Hardware Setup	528
11.3.2. NetDefendOS Manual HA Setup	529
11.3.3. Verifying the Cluster Functions	530
11.3.4. Unique Shared Mac Addresses	531
11.4. HA Issues	532
11.5. Upgrading an HA Cluster	534
11.6. Link Monitoring and HA	536
11.7. HA Advanced Settings	537
Chapter 12. ZoneDefense	539
12.1. Overview	539
12.2. ZoneDefense Switches	540
12.3. ZoneDefense Operation	541
12.3.1. SNMP	541
12.3.2. Threshold Rules	541
12.3.3. Manual Blocking and Exclude Lists	541
12.3.4. ZoneDefense with Anti-Virus Scanning	543
12.3.5. Limitations	543
Chapter 13. Advanced Settings	546
13.1. IP Level Settings	546
13.2. TCP Level Settings	550
13.3. ICMP Level Settings	555
13.4. State Settings	556
13.5. Connection Timeout Settings	558
13.6. Length Limit Settings	560
13.7. Fragmentation Settings	562
13.8. Local Fragment Reassembly Settings	566
13.9. Miscellaneous Settings	567
Appendix A. Subscribing to Updates	570
Appendix B. IDP Signature Groups	572
Appendix C. Verified MIME filetypes	576
Appendix D. The OSI Framework	580

Match case Limit results 1 per page

heartbeats, 525

issues, 532

link monitor usage, 536

making OSPF work, 532

mechanisms, 525

physical interconnection, 523

resynchronizing units, 527

setting up, 528

sync failure, 527

unique shared MAC, 531

upgrading NetDefendOS, 534

with IDP and anti-virus, 526

with IPv6, 97

with transparent mode, 237

host monitoring

for route failover, 177

HTML pages

content filtering customizing, 334

web auth customizing, 404

HTTP

ALG, 267

authentication, 399

whitelist precedence, 269

HTTP poster, 161

HTTPS Certificate setting, 53

HTTP URI normalization in IDP, 346

ICMP Sends Per Sec Limit setting, 555

ICMP Unreachable message, 140

IDENT and IP rules, 139

identification lists, 435

IDP, 343

blacklisting, 351

HTTP URI normalization, 346

signature groups, 349

signatures, 348

signature wildcarding, 350

SMTP log receivers, 351

traffic shaping, 354, 506

using individual signatures, 354

Iface poll interval setting, 179

IGMP, 220

advanced settings, 230

configuration, 225

rules configuration, 228

IGMP Before Rules setting, 230

IGMP Idle Lifetime setting, 558

IGMP Last Member Query Interval setting, 231

IGMP Lowest Compatible Version setting, 230

IGMP Max Interface Requests setting, 231

IGMP Max Total Requests setting, 231

IGMP Query Interval setting, 231

IGMP Query Response Interval setting, 231

IGMP React To Own Queries setting, 230

IGMP Robustness Variable setting, 231

IGMP Router Version setting, 231

IGMP Startup Query Count setting, 231

IGMP Startup Query Interval setting, 232

IGMP Unsolicated Report Interval setting, 232

IKE, 423

algorithm proposals, 424

lifetimes, 424

negotiation, 424

parameters, 425

IKE CRL Validity Time setting, 454

IKE Max CA Path setting, 455

IKE Send CRLs setting, 454

IKE Send Initial Contact setting, 454

ikesnoop VPN troubleshooting, 446, 479

Illegal Fragments setting, 562

Initial Silence (HA) setting, 537

insertion attack prevention, 347

Interface Alias (SNMP) setting, 75

Interface Description (SNMP) setting, 75

interfaces, 106

disabling, 107

groups, 124

loopback, 106, 107

physical, 106

internet key exchange (see IKE)

Interval between synchronization setting, 158

intrusion, detection and prevention (see IDP)

intrusion detection rule, 345

invalid checksum

in cluster heartbeats, 532

IP address objects, 92

IP Option Sizes setting, 548

IP Options Other setting, 548

IP Option Source/Return setting, 548

IP Options Timestamps setting, 548

IP pools, 259

with config mode, 444

IP Reserved Flag setting, 548

IP router alert option setting, 548

IP rules, 135, 135

actions, 139

bi-directional connections, 140

drop all rules, 137

evaluation order, 138

IPv6 usage, 137

rule set folders, 141

rule sets, 136

TCP sequence number alteration, 140

IPsec, 423

advanced settings, 453

algorithm proposal lists, 433

and IP rules, 438

clients, 418

dead peer detection, 439

keep-alive, 439

LAN to LAN setup, 414

NAT traversal, 431

overview, 423

quick start guide, 413

roaming clients setup, 416

troubleshooting, 477

tunnel establishment, 438

tunnels, 438

IPsec Before Rules setting, 454

usage, 438

IPsec Certificate Cache Max setting, 455

IPsec Gateway Name Cache Time setting, 455

IPsec Max Rules setting, 453

Alphabetical Index

584