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Differential Voltage, Measurement

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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT Some sensors either contain or require active signal conditioning circuitry to provide an easily measured analog voltage output. Generally, the output is referenced to the sensor ground. The associated current drain usually requires a power source external to the CR10X. A typical connection scheme where AC power is not available and both the CR10X and sensor are powered by an external battery is shown in Figure 7.2-1. Since a single-ended measurement is referenced to the CR10X ground, any voltage difference between the sensor ground and CR10X ground becomes a measurement error. A differential measurement avoids this error by measuring the signal between the 2 leads without reference to ground. This example analyzes the potential error on a differential CO2 measurement using a LI-COR CO2/H2O analyzer, model LI-6262. The wire used to supply power from the external battery is 18 AWG with an average resistance of 6.5 ohms/1000 ft. The power leads to the CR10X and LI-6262 are 2 ft and 10 ft, respectively. Typical current drain for the LI-6262 is 1000 mA. When making measurements, the CR10X draws about 35 mA. Since voltage is equal to current multiplied by resistance (V=IR), ground voltages at the LI-6262 and the CR10X relative to battery ground are: LI-6262 ground = 1A ∗ 6.5 ohms/1000 ft ∗ 10 ft = +0.065 V CR10X ground = 0.035A ∗ 6.5 ohms/1000 ft ∗ 2 ft = +0.0005 V Ground at the LI-6262 is 0.065 V higher than ground at the CR10X. The LI-6262 can be programmed to output a linear voltage (0 to 100 mV) that is proportional to differential CO2, 100 µmol/mol full scale, or 1 µmol/mol/mV. If the output is measured with a single-ended voltage measurement, it is 0.065 V or 65 µmol/mol high. If this offset remained constant, it could be corrected in programming. However, it is better to use a differential voltage measurement which does not rely on the current drain remaining constant. The program that follows illustrates the use of Instruction 2 to make the measurement. A multiplier of 1 is used to convert the millivolt output into µmol/mol. PROGRAM 01: Volt (Diff) (P2) 1: 1 Reps 2: 25 ±2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection Range 3: 1 DIFF Channel 4: 1 Loc [ umol_mol ] 5: 1 Mult 6: 0 Offset DIFF SE SE DIFF AG H L AG H L AG H L AG E3 AG G 748 9 5 10 11 6 12 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INCCLTR.#1304T3C4R03 11 2 324 5 36 AG H L AG H L AG H L AG E1 E2 G G G G G G 12V 12V G 12V SERIAL I/O SWITCHED 12V POWER IN CR10 EARTH SWITCHED 12V CONTROL MADE IN USA WIRING PANEL NO. G G 5V 5V P1 P2 C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 FIGURE 7.3-1. CR10TCR Mounted on the CR10X Wiring Panel 7-3

Section	Page
Revision and Copyright Information	1
Warranty and Assistance	3
Table of Contents	5
SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS	11
CAUTIONARY NOTES	12
CR10X MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OVERVIEW	13
OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION	13
OV1.1 WIRING PANEL	13
OV1.1.1 ANALOG INPUTS	16
OV1.1.2 EXCITATION OUTPUTS	16
OV1.1.3 PULSE INPUTS	16
OV1.1.4 DIGITAL I/O PORTS	16
OV1.1.5 ANALOG GROUND (AG)	16
OV1.1.7 5V OUTPUTS	16
OV1.1.8 SERIAL I/O	16
OV1.1.9 SWITCHED 12 VOLT	16
OV1.2 CONNECTING POWER TO THE CR10X	17
OV2. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS	17
OV2.1 INTERNAL MEMORY	17
OV2.2 PROGRAM TABLES, EXECUTION INTERVAL AND OUTPUT INTERVALS	19
OV2.2.1 THE EXECUTION INTERVAL	19
OV2.2.2. THE OUTPUT INTERVAL	20
OV2.3 CR10X INSTRUCTION TYPES	20
OV3. COMMUNICATING WITH CR10X	22
OV3.1 CR10X KEYBOARD/DISPLAY	22
OV3.1.1 FUNCTIONAL MODES	22
OV3.1.2 KEY DEFINITION	22
OV3.2 USING COMPUTER WITH DATALOGGER SUPPORT SOFTWARE	23
OV3.3 ASCII TERMINAL OR COMPUTER WITH TERMINAL EMULATOR	23
OV4. PROGRAMMING THE CR10X	23
OV4.1 PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE	24
OV4.2 INSTRUCTION FORMAT	24
OV4.3 ENTERING A PROGRAM	25
OV5. PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES	25
OV5.1 SAMPLE PROGRAM 1	26
OV5.2 SAMPLE PROGRAM 2	28
OV5.3 EDITING AN EXISTING PROGRAM	29
OV6. DATA STORAGE AND TRANSFER PERIPHERALS	31
OV6.1 ON-SITE OPTIONS	32
OV6.2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS OPTIONS	33
OV7. SPECIFICATIONS	35
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES	37
1.1 DATALOGGER PROGRAMS - 1, 2, 3, AND 4 MODES	37
1.1.1 EXECUTION INTERVAL	37
1.1.2 SUBROUTINES	38
1.1.3 TABLE PRIORITY/INTERRUPTS	38
1.1.4 *4 PARAMETER ENTRY TABLE	38
ASSIGNING PARAMETERS TO *4 - EDLOG	38
CHANGING VALUES IN *4 TABLE	39
1.1.5 COMPILING A PROGRAM	39
1.2 SETTING AND DISPLAYING THE CLOCK - *5 MODE	40
1.3 DISPLAYING/ALTERING INPUT MEMORY, FLAGS, AND PORTS - *6 MODE	40
1.3.1 DISPLAYING AND ALTERING INPUT STORAGE	40
1.3.2 DISPLAYING AND TOGGLING USER FLAGS	41
1.3.3 DISPLAYING AND TOGGLING PORTS	41
1.4 COMPILING AND LOGGING DATA - *0 MODE	41
1.5 MEMORY ALLOCATION - *A	41
1.5.1 INTERNAL MEMORY	41
1.5.2 *A MODE	44
1.6 MEMORY TESTING AND SYSTEM STATUS - *B	45
1.7 *C MODE -- SECURITY	46
1.8 *D MODE -- SAVE OR LOAD PROGRAM	46
1.8.1 INTERNAL FLASH PROGRAM STORAGE	47
1.8.2 PROGRAM TRANSFER WITH STORAGE MODULE	48
1.8.3 FULL/HALF DUPLEX	48
1.8.4 SET DATALOGGER ID	48
1.8.5 SETTING POWERUP OPTIONS	48
1.8.6 SET INITIAL BAUD	49
1.8.7 SET PROGRAM COMPILE OPTION	49
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE	51
2.1 FINAL STORAGE AREAS, OUTPUT ARRAYS, AND MEMORY POINTERS	51
2.2 DATA OUTPUT FORMAT AND RANGE LIMITS	53
2.2.1 RESOLUTION AND RANGE LIMITS	53
2.2.2 INPUT AND INTERMEDIATE STORAGE DATA FORMAT	53
2.3 DISPLAYING STORED DATA ON KEYBOARD/DISPLAY - *7 MODE	53
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS	55
3.1 PARAMETER DATA TYPES	55
3.2 REPETITIONS	55
3.3 ENTERING NEGATIVE NUMBERS	55
3.4 INDEXING INPUT LOCATIONS AND CONTROL PORTS	55
3.5 VOLTAGE RANGE AND OVERRANGE DETECTION	56
3.6 OUTPUT PROCESSING	56
3.7 USE OF FLAGS: OUTPUT AND PROGRAM CONTROL	57
3.7.1 THE OUTPUT FLAG	57
3.7.2 THE INTERMEDIATE PROCESSING DISABLE FLAG	57
3.7.3 USER FLAGS	58
3.8 PROGRAM CONTROL LOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS	58
3.8.1 IF THEN/ELSE COMPARISONS	58
3.8.2 NESTING	59
3.9 INSTRUCTION MEMORY AND EXECUTION TIME	59
3.10 ERROR CODES	63
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS	65
4.1 ON-LINE DATA TRANSFER - INSTRUCTION 96	65
4.2 MANUALLY INITIATED DATA OUTPUT - *8 MODE	67
4.3 PRINTER OUTPUT FORMATS	67
4.3.1 PRINTABLE ASCII FORMAT	67
4.3.2 COMMA SEPARATED ASCII	68
4.4 STORAGE MODULE	68
4.4.1 STORAGE MODULE ADDRESSING	68
4.4.2 STORAGE MODULE USE WITH INSTRUCTION 96	69
4.4.3 *8 DUMP TO STORAGE MODULE	69
4.5 *9 MODE -- SM192/716 STORAGE MODULE COMMANDS	69
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS	71
5.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMANDS	71
5.2 REMOTE PROGRAMMING OF THE CR10X	75
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT	77
6.1 PIN DESCRIPTION	77
6.2 ENABLING AND ADDRESSING PERIPHERALS	78
6.2.1 PIN-ENABLED PERIPHERALS	78
6.2.2 ADDRESSED PERIPHERALS	78
6.3 RING INTERRUPTS	79
6.4 INTERRUPTS DURING DATA TRANSFER	79
6.5 MODEM/TERMINAL PERIPHERALS	80
6.6 SYNCHRONOUS DEVICE COMMUNICATION	80
6.7 MODEM/TERMINAL AND COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS	81
6.7.1 SC32A INTERFACE TO COMPUTER	81
6.7.2 SC932 INTERFACE TO MODEMS	82
6.7.3 COMPUTER/TERMINAL REQUIREMENTS	82
6.7.3 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL/TROUBLE SHOOTING	83
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES	85
7.1 SINGLE-ENDED VOLTAGE/ SWITCHED 12 V TERMINAL - CS500	85
7.2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT	87
7.3 THERMOCOUPLE TEMPERATURES USING THE OPTIONAL CR10TCR TO MEASURE THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE	88
7.4 THERMOCOUPLE TEMPERATURES USING AN EXTERNAL REFERENCE JUNCTION	88
7.5 107 TEMPERATURE PROBE	89
7.6 207 TEMPERATURE AND RH PROBE	89
7.7 ANEMOMETER WITH PHOTOCHOPPER OUTPUT	90
7.8 TIPPING BUCKET RAIN GAGE WITH LONG LEADS	91
7.9 100 OHM PRT IN 4 WIRE HALF BRIDGE	91
7.10 100 OHM PRT IN 3 WIRE HALF BRIDGE	93
7.11 100 OHM PRT IN 4 WIRE FULL BRIDGE	94
7.12 PRESSURE TRANSDUCER - 4 WIRE FULL BRIDGE	95
7.13 LYSIMETER - 6 WIRE FULL BRIDGE	96
7.14 227 GYPSUM SOIL MOISTURE BLOCK	98
7.15 NONLINEAR THERMISTOR IN HALF BRIDGE (MODEL 101 PROBE)	99
7.16 WATER LEVEL - GEOKON'S VIBRATING WIRE PRESSURE SENSOR	100
7.17 PAROSCIENTIFIC \	104
7.18 4 TO 20 MA SENSOR USING CURS100 TERMINAL INPUT MODULE	107
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES	109
8.1 COMPUTATION OF RUNNING AVERAGE	109
8.2 RAINFALL INTENSITY	110
8.3 USING CONTROL PORTS AND LOOP TO RUN AM416 MULTIPLEXER	111
8.4 SUB 1 MINUTE OUTPUT INTERVAL SYNCHED TO REAL TIME	113
8.5 SWITCH CLOSURES ON CONTROL PORTS (RAIN GAGE)	113
8.6 SDM-A04 ANALOG OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER TO STRIP CHART	114
8.7 CONVERTING 0-360 WIND DIRECTION OUTPUT TO 0-540 FOR STRIP CHART	115
8.8 USE OF 2 FINAL STORAGE AREAS - SAVING DATA PRIOR TO EVENT	116
8.9 LOGARITHMIC SAMPLING USING LOOPS	117
8.10 COVARIANCE CORRELATION PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE	119
8.11 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM EXAMPLES	123
8.11.1. EXAMPLE WITHOUT BIN AVERAGING	123
8.11.2 EXAMPLE WITH BIN AVERAGING	126
8.12 USING THE SWITCHED 12 V TO POWER SENSORS	130
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS	133
1 SINGLE-ENDED VOLTS	133
2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTS	133
3 PULSE COUNT	133
4 EXCITE, DELAY, AND MEASURE	136
5 AC HALF BRIDGE	136
6 FULL BRIDGE WITH SINGLE DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT	137
7 THREE WIRE HALF BRIDGE	137
8 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE WITH EXCITATION AND DELAY	137
9 FULL BRIDGE WITH EXCITATION COMPENSATION	138
10 BATTERY VOLTAGE	138
11 107 THERMISTOR PROBE	138
12 207 RELATIVE HUMIDITY PROBE	139
13 THERMOCOUPLE TEMPERATURE, SINGLE-ENDED MEASUREMENT	139
14 THERMOCOUPLE TEMPERATURE, DIFFERNTIAL MEASUREMENT	140
15 CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O	141
16 TEMPERATURE FROM PLATINUM R.T.D.	141
17 INTERNAL TEMPERATURE	141
18 MOVE TIME TO INPUT LOCATION	141
19 MOVE SIGNATURE INTO INPUT LOCATION	142
20 PORT SET	142
21 PULSE PORT WITH DURATION	142
22 EXCITATION WITH DELAY	143
23 BURST MEASUREMENT	143
24 CALIBRATION	146
25 PORT READ	146
26 TIMER	146
27 PERIOD AVERAGE (SE)	147
28 VIBRATING WIRE MEASUREMENT	149
29 INW PS9105	149
100 SDM TDR	150
101 SDM-INT8	150
102 SDM-SW8A	150
103 SDM-AO4	151
104 SDM-CD16AC	151
105 SDI-12 RECORDER	152
106 SDI-12 SENSOR	154
107 SDM-CSAT3	156
108 SDM-UDG01	156
109 SDMX50 CHANNEL SELECT	156
110 SDM-GROUP TRIGGER	156
113 SDM-SIO4	156
114 SET TIME	156
115 SET SDM BAUD	157
117 READ DATALOGGER ID	157
118 SDM-CAN	157
130 ERROR MONITOR	157
131 ENHANCED VIBRATING WIRE MEASUREMENT	157
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS	159
39 Z = F	159
31 Z = X	159
32 Z = Z + 1	159
33 X + Y	159
34 X + F	159
35 X - Y	159
36 X * Y	160
37 X * F	160
38 X / Y	160
39 SQUARE ROOT	160
40 LN(X)	160
41 EXP(X)	160
42 1/X	160
43 ABS(X)	161
44 FRACTIONAL VALUE OF X	161
45 INTEGER VALUE OF X	161
46 X MOD F	161
47 XY	161
48 SIN(X)	161
49 SPATIAL MAXIMUM	161
50 SPATIAL MINIMUM	162
51 SPATIAL AVERAGE	162
52 RUNNING AVERAGE	162
53 SCALING ARRAY WITH MULTIPLIER AND OFFSET	162
54 BLOCK MOVE	163
55 5TH ORDER POLYNOMIAL	163
56 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE	163
57 VAPOR PRESSURE FROM WET-/DRY-BULB TEMPERATURES	164
58 LOW PASS FILTER	164
59 BRIDGE TRANSFORM	164
60 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM	165
61 INDIRECT INDEXED MOVE	169
62 COVARIANCE/CORRELATION	169
63 PARAMETER EXTENSION	172
64 PAROSCIENTIFIC \	172
65 BULK LOAD	173
66 ARCTAN	174
67 DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW	174
68 EXTENDED PARAMETERS 4 DIGIT	174
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS	175
69 WIND VECTOR	175
70 SAMPLE	177
71 AVERAGE	178
72 TOTALIZE	178
73 MAXIMIZE	178
74 MINIMIZE	178
75 STANDARD AND WEIGHTED VALUE HISTOGRAM	178
77 RECORD REAL TIME	179
78 SET HIGH OR LOW RESOLUTION DATA STORAGE FORMAT	180
79 SAMPLE ON MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM	180
80 SET ACTIVE STORAGE AREA	180
81 RAINFLOW HISTOGRAM	180
82 STANDARD DEVIATION IN TIME	182
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS	183
83 IF CASE X < F	183
85 LABEL SUBROUTINE	183
86 DO	184
87 LOOP	184
88 IF X COMPARED TO Y	186
89 IF X COMPARED TO F	186
90 STEP LOOP INDEX	187
91 IF FLAG / PORT / MODEM	187
92 IF TIME	187
93 BEGIN CASE STATEMENT	187
94 ELSE	188
95 END	188
96 ACTIVATE SERIAL DATA OUTPUT	188
97 INITIATE TELECOMMUNICATIONS	189
98 SEND CHARACTER	191
111 RUN PROGRAM FROM FLASH	192
119 TDR100	192
120 TGT1 TELONICS GOES	192
121 ARGOS	192
122 INMARSAT-C	192
123 AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING OF A TGT1	192
124 FIRE DATA TO HDR GOES	192
125 ARGOS SDC	192
126 TRANSFER DATA TO HDR GOES	192
127 HDR GOES STATUS	192
SECTION 13. CR10X MEASUREMENTS	193
13.1 FAST AND SLOW MEASUREMENT SEQUENCE	193
13.2 SINGLE-ENDED AND DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS	194
13.3 THE EFFECT OF SENSOR LEAD LENGTH ON THE SIGNAL SETTLING TIME	195
13.3.1 THE INPUT SETTLING TIME CONSTANT	196
13.3.2 EFFECT OF LEAD LENGTH ON SIGNAL RISE TIME	198
13.3.3 TRANSIENTS INDUCED BY SWITCHED EXCITATION	199
13.3.4 SUMMARY OF SETTLING ERRORS FOR CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC RESISTIVE SENSORS	200
13.4 THERMOCOUPLE MEASUREMENTS	204
13.4.1 ERROR ANALYSIS	205
13.4.2 USE OF EXTERNAL REFERENCE JUNCTION OR JUNCTION BOX	208
13.5 BRIDGE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS	209
13.6 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS REQUIRING AC EXCITATION	213
13.7 CALIBRATION PROCESS	214
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE	217
14.1 PROTECTION FROM THE ENVIRONMENT	217
14.2 POWER REQUIREMENTS	217
14.3 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC POWER SUPPLIES	218
14.3.1 BPALK ALKALINE POWER SUPPLY	218
14.3.2 PS12LA LEAD ACID POWER SUPPLY	220
14.3.3 PS512M VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH NULL MODEM PORTS	221
14.4 SOLAR PANELS	221
14.5 DIRECT BATTERY CONNECTION TO THE CR10X WIRING PANEL	222
14.6 VEHICLE POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS	222
14.7 GROUNDING	223
14.7.1 PROTECTION FROM LIGHTNING	223
14.7.2 EFFECT OF GROUNDING ON MEASUREMENTS: COMMON MODE RANGE	224
14.8 WIRING PANEL	224
14.9 SWITCHED 12 VOLT	224
14.10 USE OF DIGITAL I/O PORTS FOR SWITCHING RELAYS	224
14.11 MAINTENANCE	226
14.11.1 DESICCANT	226
14.11.2 REPLACING THE INTERNAL BATTERY	226
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY	229
APPENDIX B. CR10X CONTROL PORT SERIAL I/O INSTRUCTION 15	233
B.1 SPECIFICATIONS	233
FUNCTION	233
BAUD RATES	233
HANDSHAKE CONTROL LINES	233
LOGIC LEVELS	233
PARITY AND STOP BITS	233
B.2 SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS	233
B.3 INSTRUCTION 15 AND PARAMETER DESCRIPTIONS	234
PARAMETER 1 - REPETITIONS	234
PARAMETER 2 - CONFIGURATION CODE	235
PARAMETER 3 - CTS / DELAY BEFORE SEND	235
PARAMETER 4 – PORT CONFIGURATION	235
PARAMETER 5 - OUTPUT START LOCATION	236
PARAMETER 6 - NUMBER OF LOCATIONS TO SEND; PREAMBLE OR DATA	236
PARAMETER 7 - INPUT TERMINATION CHARACTER	236
PARAMETER 8 - MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CHARACTERS TO RECEIVE	236
PARAMETER 9 - TIME OUT FOR CLEAR-TO-SEND OR SERIAL INPUT	236
PARAMETER 10 - INPUT LOCATION	237
PARAMETERS 11 AND 12 - MULTIPLIER AND OFFSET	237
B.4 CONTROL PORT CONFIGURATIONS AND SENSOR WIRING	237
CONFIGURATION 1	237
CONFIGURATION 2	237
CONFIGURATION 3	237
CONFIGURATION 4	237
CONFIGURATION 5	238
B.5 INPUT DATA FILTERS.	238
B.6 PROGRAM EXAMPLES	240
B.6.1 EXAMPLE 1: ATMOSPHERIC INSTRUMENTS RESEARCH AIR-DB-1A BAROMETER	240
B.6.1.1 CR10X-BAROMETER CONFIGURATION LIMITATIONS	241
B.6.1.2 CR10X/BAROMETER HOOK-UP	241
B.6.1.3 INSTRUCTION 15 PARAMETER CONSIDERATIONS	242
B.6.1.4 BAROMETER PROGRAM	244
B.6.2 EXAMPLE 2: CR10X TO CR10X COMMUNICATION	246
B.7 SUMMARY OF BAROMETER JUMPER CONFIGURATIONS	248
APPENDIX C. ADDITIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION	249
C.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMAND WITH BINARY RESPONSES	249
C.2 FINAL STORAGE FORMAT	252
C.3 GENERATION OF SIGNATURE	253
C.4 COMMANDS TO TRANSFER PROGRAM WITH COMPUTER	254
APPENDIX D. CR10X 37 PIN PORT DESCRIPTION	257
APPENDIX E. ASCII TABLE	259
APPENDIX F. DYNAGAGE SAP-FLOW (P67)	261
F1. FUNCTION	261
F2. INSTRUCTION DETAILS	261
F2.1 INPUT VOLTAGES	261
F2.2 CONSTANTS	261
F2.3 FILTERS	261
F2.4 INSTRUCTION OUTPUT	262
F2.4.1 Sapflow (g h-1)	262
F2.4.2 Qf and dT	262
F2.4.3 Qr, Ksh, Kshapp	262
F2.4.4 Power Input (W)	262
F2.4.5 Qv (W)	262
APPENDIX G. DATALOGGER INITIATED COMMUNICATIONS	265
G.1 INTRODUCTION	265
G.2 EXAMPLE PROGRAM—PHONE CALLBACK BASED ON A CONDITION	265
G.3 PC208W WINDOWS SOFTWARE AND COMPUTER SETUP	266
G.4 PC208 DOS COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND ITS COMPUTER SETUP	270
G.4.1 PC208 SETUP	270
G.4.1.1 Create Station File	270
G.4.1.2 Create a Schedule or Script	270
G.4.1.3 Run the Schedule or Script	270
APPENDIX HCALL ANOTHER DATALOGGER VIA PHONE OR RF	273
H.1 INTRODUCTION	273
H.2 PROGRAMMING	273
H.3 PROGRAMMING FOR THE CALLING CR10X	273
H.3.1 INSTRUCTION 97	273
H.3.2 INSTRUCTION 63	274
H.4 REMOTE DATALOGGER PROGRAMMING	275
APPENDIX I. MODBUS ON THE CR10 AND CR10X	277
I.1 TERMINOLOGY	277
I.2 COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPATIBILITY	277
I.2.1 RF COMMUNICATIONS	278
I.2.2 CR10 TO CR10 COMMUNICATION	278
I.3 MORE ON MODBUS	278
APPENDIX J. TD OPERATING SYSTEM ADDENDUM FOR CR510, CR10X, AND CR23X MANUALS	281
Revision and Copyright Information	283
TD and PakBus Operating System Addendum for CR510, CR10X, and CR23X Manuals	285
AD1 Major Differences	285
AD2 Overview of Data Storage Tables	286
AD3 Converting an existing program to Table Based OS	286
AD3.1 Programming changes	286
AD3.2 Making the Changes with Edlog	287
AD4 Summary of Differences from the Datalogger Manual:	288
MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OVERVIEW	291
OV4. PROGRAMMING THE CR10X	291
OV4.1 FUNCTIONAL MODES	291
OV4.2 KEY DEFINITION	291
OV4.3 PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE	292
OV4.4 INSTRUCTION FORMAT	292
OV4.5 ENTERING A PROGRAM	293
OV5. PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES	293
OV5.1 SAMPLE PROGRAM 1	293
OV5.2 SAMPLE PROGRAM 2	295
OV5.3 EDITING AN EXISTING PROGRAM	297
OV6. DATA RETRIEVAL OPTIONS	297
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES	299
1.5 MEMORY ALLOCATION - ?A	299
1.5.1 INTERNAL MEMORY	299
1.5.2 ?A MODE	300
MEMORY TESTING AND SYSTEM STATUS - ?B	301
1.7 *C MODE -- SECURITY	301
1.8 *D MODE – TRANSFER PROGRAMS, GENERAL SETTING	301
1.8.1 ERASING CURRENT PROGRAM	302
1.8.2 PROGRAM TRANSFER WITH STORAGE MODULE	302
1.8.3 FULL/HALF DUPLEX	302
1.8.4 SET DATALOGGER ID	302
1.8.5 SETTING POWERUP OPTIONS	302
1.8.6 SET INITIAL BAUD	303
1.8.7 SET PROGRAM COMPILE OPTION	303
1.8.8 SET PAKBUS ADDRESS	303
1.8.9 ALLOCATE MEMORY FOR GENERAL PURPOSE FILES	304
1.8.10 VIEW ROUTING TABLE	304
1.8.11 SET PAKBUS ROUTER BEACON INTERVAL	304
1.8.12 PAKBUS NEIGHBOR FILTER	304
1.9 *9 DATA TABLES SIZES.	305
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE	307
2.1 FINAL STORAGE AND DATA TABLES	307
2.1.1 TIME AND TIMESTAMPS	307
2.1.2 RECORD NUMBERS	308
2.1.3 TABLES AND FIELDS.	308
2.2 DATA OUTPUT FORMAT AND RANGE LIMITS	309
2.2.1 RESOLUTION AND RANGE LIMITS	309
2.2.2 HIGH RESOLUTION FINAL STORAGE DATA, INPUT, AND INTERMEDIATE STORAGE DATA FORMAT	309
2.3 DISPLAYING STORED DATA ON KEYBOARD/DISPLAY *7 MODE.	309
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS	311
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES	313
8.1 COMPUTATION OF RUNNING AVERAGE	313
8.2 RAINFALL INTENSITY	314
8.3 USING CONTROL PORTS AND LOOP TO RUN AM416 MULTIPLEXER	315
8.4 INTERRUPT SUBROUTINE USED TO COUNT SWITCH CLOSURES (RAIN GAGE)	317
8.5 SDM-A04 ANALOG OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER TO STRIP CHART	318
8.6 CONVERTING 0-360 WIND DIRECTION OUTPUT TO 0-540 FOR STRIP CHART	319
8.7 LOGARITHMIC SAMPLING USING LOOPS	319
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS	323
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS	325
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS	327
Wireless Networks	327
Datalogger Requirements	327
Communication Notes	327
PakBus Get/Send Locations (P190)	329
Port	330
Address	330
PakBus Communication	331
Modbus Communication	331
Command	331
Security	332
Remote Location/Coil/Register	332
PakBus Communication	332
Modbus Communication	332
Remote Location	333
PakBus Communication	333
Modbus Communication	333
Swath	333
PakBus Communication	333
Modbus Communication	333
Local Location	333
PakBus Communication	333
Modbus Communication	333
Result Code Location	334
Send Final Storage Data (P191)	334
Table ID	334
Flag	334
Send Message (P192)	334
Message Type	335
Wireless Network Master (P193)	335
Number of Remotes	336
First Remote Address	336
Time into Transmit Interval	336
Example	336
Transmit Interval	336
Example	337
Transmit Delay Between Remotes	337
Example	337
Swath to Receive	337
First Location for Data Received	337
Swath to Send	338
First Location to Send	338
Result Code Location	338
Seconds Until Transmit (P194)	338
Location with Seconds Until Transmit	339
Use Remote Clock Report (P195)	339
Address	339
Wireless Network Remote (P196)	339

Match case Limit results 1 per page

SECTION 7.

MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

7-3

7.2

DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE

MEASUREMENT

Some sensors either contain or require active

signal conditioning circuitry to provide an easily

measured analog voltage output.

Generally, the

output is referenced to the sensor ground.

The

associated current drain usually requires a

power source external to the CR10X.

A typical

connection scheme where AC power is not

available and both the CR10X and sensor are

Figure 7.2-1.

Since a single-ended

measurement is referenced to the CR10X

ground, any voltage difference between the

sensor ground and CR10X ground becomes a

measurement error.

A differential measurement

avoids this error by measuring the signal

between the 2 leads without reference to ground.

This example analyzes the potential error on a

differential CO

measurement using a LI-COR

O analyzer, model LI-6262.

The wire used to supply power from the external

battery is 18 AWG with an average resistance of

6.5 ohms/1000 ft.

The power leads to the CR10X

and LI-6262 are 2 ft and 10 ft, respectively.

Typical current drain for the LI-6262 is 1000 mA.

When making measurements, the CR10X draws

about 35 mA.

Since voltage is equal to current

multiplied by resistance (V=IR), ground voltages

at the LI-6262 and the CR10X relative to battery

ground are:

LI-6262 ground =

∗

6.5 ohms/1000 ft

∗

10 ft = +0.065 V

CR10X ground =

0.035A

∗

6.5 ohms/1000 ft

∗

2 ft = +0.0005 V

Ground at the LI-6262 is 0.065 V higher than ground

at the CR10X.

The LI-6262 can be programmed to

output a linear voltage (0 to 100 mV) that is

proportional to differential CO

, 100

mol/mol full

scale, or 1

mol/mol/mV.

If the output is measured

with a single-ended voltage measurement, it is

0.065 V or 65

mol/mol high.

If this offset remained

constant, it could be corrected in programming.

However, it is better to use a differential voltage

measurement which does not rely on the current

drain remaining constant.

The program that follows

illustrates the use of Instruction 2 to make the

measurement.

A multiplier of 1 is used to convert

the millivolt output into

mol/mol.

PROGRAM

01:

Volt (Diff) (P2)

Reps

2500 mV 60 Hz Rejection

Range

DIFF Channel

Loc [ umol_mol

]

Mult

Offset

CAMPBELL

SCIENTIFIC

INC.

CR10

MADE IN USA

WIRING PANEL NO.

EARTH

DIFF

AG H

L AG H

L AG

E3 AG

12V 12V

SWITCHED

12V

G 12V

POWER

SERIAL I/O

DIFF

AG H

L AG H

L AG

E1 E2

5V 5V P1 P2

C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1

CONTROL

12V

SWITCHED

CR10TCR

LT#343403

FIGURE 7.3-1.

CR10TCR Mounted on the CR10X Wiring Panel