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Quality of Service QoS

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Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that identifies packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are admitted to the network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based on the guaranteed and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider and client. The trTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and low is referred to as green. The trTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Peak Burst Size (PBS)). Tokens are generated and added into the two buckets at the CIR and PIR respectively. All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it is evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the CIR then it is marked green. The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in trTCM: • A packet arrives. If the number of tokens in the PBS bucket is less than the size of the packet (in bytes), the packet is marked red and may be dropped regardless of the CBS bucket. No tokens are removed if the packet is dropped. • If the PBS bucket has enough tokens, the Zyxel Device checks the CBS bucket. The packet is marked green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes). Otherwise, the packet is marked yellow. EX3510-B0 User's Guide 165

Section	Page
EX3510-B0	1
Document Conventions	3
Contents Overview	4
Table of Contents	6
User’s Guide	15
Introducing the Zyxel Device	16
1.1 Overview	16
1.2 Example Applications	16
1.2.1 Internet Access	16
1.2.2 Dual-Band WiFi	17
1.3 Ways to Manage the Zyxel Device	18
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the Zyxel Device	19
1.5 Hardware	19
1.5.1 Front Panel	19
1.5.2 Rear Panel	21
1.5.3 WPS Button	23
1.5.4 RESET Button	23
Web Configurator	24
2.1 Overview	24
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator	24
2.2 Web Configurator Layout	27
2.2.1 Navigation Panel	27
Quick Start Wizard	33
3.1 Overview	33
3.2 Wizard Setup	33
3.2.1 Time Zone	33
3.2.2 Internet	34
3.2.3 WiFi	36
Tutorials	38
4.1 Overview	38
4.2 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network	38
4.2.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings	38
4.2.2 Using WPS	40
4.2.3 Without WPS	44
4.3 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups	45
4.4 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network	49
4.5 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup	51
4.6 Access the Zyxel Device Using DDNS	55
4.6.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org	55
4.6.2 Configuring DDNS on Your Zyxel Device	56
4.6.3 Testing the DDNS Setting	56
4.7 Configuring the MAC Address Filter	57
Technical Reference	59
Connection Status	60
5.1 Overview	60
5.1.1 Layout Icon	60
5.1.2 Connectivity	61
5.1.3 System Info	62
5.2 WiFi Settings	64
5.3 Guest WiFi Settings	66
5.4 LAN Settings	68
5.5 Parental Control	69
5.5.1 Create/Edit a Parental Control Profile	70
5.5.2 Define a Schedule	71
Broadband	73
6.1 Overview	73
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	73
6.1.2 What You Need to Know	73
6.1.3 Before You Begin	76
6.2 Broadband Settings	76
6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection	77
6.3 Technical Reference	84
Wireless	87
7.1 Wireless Overview	87
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	87
7.1.2 What You Need to Know	87
7.2 Wireless General Settings	88
7.2.1 No Security	91
7.2.2 More Secure (Recommended)	91
7.3 Guest/More AP	93
7.3.1 Edit Guest/More AP Settings	93
7.4 MAC Authentication	96
7.4.1 Add/Edit MAC Addresses	97
7.5 WPS Settings	97
7.6 WMM Settings	99
7.7 Others Settings	100
7.8 Channel Status Settings	102
7.9 MESH	103
7.10 Technical Reference	104
7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview	104
7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms	106
7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview	106
7.10.4 Signal Problems	108
7.10.5 BSS	108
7.10.6 MBSSID	109
7.10.7 Preamble Type	109
7.10.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)	110
Home Networking	117
8.1 Home Networking Overview	117
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	117
8.1.2 What You Need To Know	117
8.1.3 Before You Begin	119
8.2 LAN Setup	119
8.3 LAN Static DHCP	123
8.4 UPnP Settings	125
8.4.1 Turning on UPnP in Windows 7 Example	126
8.4.2 Turning on UPnP in Windows 10 Example	128
8.5 LAN Additional Subnet	130
8.6 STB Vendor ID	132
8.7 Wake on LAN	132
8.8 TFTP Server Name	133
8.9 Technical Reference	134
8.9.1 LANs, WANs and the Zyxel Device	134
8.9.2 DHCP Setup	134
8.9.3 DNS Server Addresses	135
8.9.4 LAN TCP/IP	135
Routing	137
9.1 Overview	137
9.2 Static Route Settings	137
9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route	138
9.3 DNS Route	140
9.3.1 Add DNS Route	140
9.4 Policy Route	141
9.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Route	143
9.5 RIP Settings	144
Quality of Service (QoS)	145
10.1 QoS Overview	145
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	145
10.2 What You Need to Know	146
10.3 Quality of Service General Settings	147
10.4 Queue Setup	149
10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue	150
10.5 QoS Classification Setup	151
10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class	152
10.6 QoS Shaper Setup	156
10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Shaper	157
10.7 QoS Policer Setup	157
10.7.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer	158
10.8 QoS Monitor	160
10.9 Technical Reference	161
Network Address Translation (NAT)	166
11.1 NAT Overview	166
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	166
11.1.2 What You Need To Know	166
11.2 Port Forwarding	167
11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding	169
11.3 Port Triggering	171
11.3.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule	173
11.4 DMZ Settings	174
11.5 ALG Settings	175
11.6 Address Mapping	176
11.6.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule	177
11.7 NAT Sessions	178
11.8 Technical Reference	179
11.8.1 NAT Definitions	179
11.8.2 What NAT Does	180
11.8.3 How NAT Works	180
11.8.4 NAT Application	181
Dynamic DNS Setup	183
12.1 DNS Overview	183
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	183
12.1.2 What You Need To Know	183
12.2 DNS Entry	184
12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry	184
12.3 Dynamic DNS	185
IGMP/MLD	187
13.1 IGMP/MLD Overview	187
13.1.1 What You Need To Know	187
13.2 IGMP/MLD Settings	187
VLAN Group	190
14.1 Overview	190
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	190
14.2 VLAN Group Settings	191
14.2.1 Add/Edit a VLAN Group	191
Interface Grouping	193
15.1 Interface Grouping Overview	193
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	193
15.2 Interface Grouping Setup	193
15.2.1 Interface Group Configuration	194
15.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria	196
Firewall	198
16.1 Firewall Overview	198
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	198
16.1.2 What You Need to Know	199
16.2 Firewall Settings	199
16.3 Protocol Settings	200
16.3.1 Add New/Edit Protocol Entry	201
16.4 Access Control	202
16.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule	203
16.5 DoS Settings	205
MAC Filter	207
17.1 MAC Filter Overview	207
17.2 MAC Filter Settings	207
Parental Control	209
18.1 Parental Control Overview	209
18.2 Parental Control Settings	209
18.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Profile	210
Scheduler Rule	216
19.1 Scheduler Rule Overview	216
19.2 Scheduler Rule Settings	216
19.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule Rule	217
Certificates	218
20.1 Certificates Overview	218
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	218
20.2 What You Need to Know	218
20.3 Local Certificates	218
20.3.1 Create Certificate Request	220
20.3.2 View Certificate Request	220
20.4 Trusted CA	222
20.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate	223
20.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate	224
Log	225
21.1 Log Overview	225
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	225
21.1.2 What You Need To Know	225
21.2 System Log	226
21.3 Security Log	227
Traffic Status	228
22.1 Traffic Status Overview	228
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	228
22.2 WAN Status	228
22.3 LAN Status	229
22.4 NAT Status	230
ARP Table	231
23.1 ARP Table Overview	231
23.1.1 How ARP Works	231
23.2 ARP Table Settings	232
Routing Table	233
24.1 Routing Table Overview	233
24.2 Routing Table Settings	233
Multicast Status	236
25.1 Multicast Status Overview	236
25.2 IGMP Status	236
25.3 MLD Status	237
WLAN Station Status	238
26.1 WLAN Station Status Overview	238
System	240
27.1 System Overview	240
27.2 System Settings	240
User Account	241
28.1 User Account Overview	241
28.2 User Account Settings	241
28.2.1 User Account Add/Edit	242
Remote Management	244
29.1 Remote Management Overview	244
29.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	244
29.2 MGMT Services	244
29.3 Trust Domain	246
29.3.1 Add Trust Domain	246
SNMP	248
30.1 SNMP Overview	248
30.2 SNMP Settings	249
Time Settings	251
31.1 Time Settings Overview	251
31.2 Time	251
E-mail Notification	255
32.1 E-mail Notification Overview	255
32.2 E-mail Notification Settings	255
32.2.1 E-mail Notification Edit	256
Log Setting	258
33.1 Logs Setting Overview	258
33.2 Log Settings	258
33.2.1 Example E-mail Log	260
Firmware Upgrade	262
34.1 Firmware Upgrade Overview	262
34.2 Firmware Upgrade Settings	262
Backup/Restore	265
35.1 Backup/Restore Overview	265
35.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	265
35.2 Backup/Restore Settings	265
35.3 Reboot	268
Diagnostic	269
36.1 Diagnostic Overview	269
36.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	269
36.2 What You Need to Know	269
36.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup	270
36.4 802.1ag (CFM)	271
36.5 802.3ah (OAM)	272
Troubleshooting and Appendices	274
Troubleshooting	275
37.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	275
37.2 Zyxel Device Access and Login	276
37.3 Internet Access	277
37.4 Wireless Internet Access	279
37.5 UPnP	279
37.6 IP Address Setup	280
Customer Support	283
IPv6	289
Services	297
Legal Information	301

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Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS)

EX3510-B0 User’s Guide

165

The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that identifies

packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the

Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are admitted to the

network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based on the guaranteed

and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider and client.

The trTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet

loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and

low is referred to as green.

The trTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (Committed Burst Size (CBS)

and Peak Burst Size (PBS)). Tokens are generated and added into the two buckets at the CIR and PIR

respectively.

All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it is

evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the CIR then

it is marked green.

The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in trTCM:

•

A packet arrives. If the number of tokens in the PBS bucket is less than the size of the packet (in bytes),

the packet is marked red and may be dropped regardless of the CBS bucket. No tokens are removed

if the packet is dropped.

•

If the PBS bucket has enough tokens, the Zyxel Device checks the CBS bucket. The packet is marked

green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than

the size of the packet (in bytes). Otherwise, the packet is marked yellow.