HP 349239-B21 Serial ATA technology, 2nd edition - Page 2
Introduction, Parallel ATA technology - compatibility
UPC - 808736769419
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Introduction The parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) architecture has limitations that make it unsuitable as a long-term solution for direct-attached and network storage applications in the enterprise: short, bulky ribbon cables that impede airflow and are difficult to install; a large number of wires and high frequency signals that are prone to electrical interference; and the lack of hot plug capability. Building on the success of other serial standards (Ethernet, USB, and FireWire), serial ATA technology is now providing the performance, scalability, and hot plug capability needed for future generations of storage devices. HP has actively participated in the Serial ATA (SATA) International Organization (IO) to help develop specifications that meet the needs of cost-sensitive entry-level to mid-range servers and non-mission critical network storage. With the introduction of SATA products in 2004, key solution providers like HP are now offering more scalable and affordable configuration options for a broad range of storage applications. This technology brief begins with a description of parallel ATA technology and the reasons for the industry's transition to serial I/O technology. Next, it describes how serial ATA technology overcomes the limitations of parallel ATA. Additional sections describe possible internal and external SATA topologies. Parallel ATA technology Parallel ATA has been the dominant interface for desktop and notebook products since it was introduced in the 1980's as IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics). The success of parallel ATA in the desktop and notebook markets is attributed to frequent performance enhancements, backward compatibility, and a constant goal of driving costs as low as possible. Figure 1 shows the major components in the parallel ATA architecture. An ATA controller and two parallel ATA connections are built into the motherboard. Up to two devices can be connected to each ATA connector in a Master/Slave relationship by using an 80-conductor ribbon cable with three 40pin connectors. The bulky cable impedes airflow in the cabinet, which hinders cooling. Cooling is not a big issue for desktop PC users who rarely install more than one drive. Figure 1. Parallel ATA cable with 40-pin connectors for master and slave drives 2