Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T Guidebook
Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T Manual
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- Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 1
Guidebook Note: This guidebook for the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition with operating system (OS) version 2.55MP. If your calculator has a previous OS version, your screens may look different and some features may not be available. You can download the latest OS education.ti.com/guides. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 2
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 3
1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 1 Documentation Conventions ...1 TI-84 Plus Keyboard ...1 Turning On and Turning Off the TI-84 Plus 3 Setting the Display Contrast ...4 The Display ...5 Interchangeable Faceplates ...8 Using the Clock ...9 Entering Expressions and Instructions 11 Setting - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 4
Web Plots ...109 Using Web Plots to Illustrate Convergence 110 Graphing Phase Plots ...111 Comparing TI-84 Plus and TI-82 Sequence Variables 113 Keystroke Differences Between TI-84 Plus and TI-82 ...114 Chapter 7: Tables ...115 Getting Started: Roots of a Function 115 Setting Up the Table - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 5
) Split Screen ...139 G-T (Graph-Table) Split Screen ...140 TI-84 Plus Pixels in Horiz and G-T Modes 141 Chapter 10: Matrices ...143 Getting Started: Using the MTRX Shortcut Menu 143 Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations 144 Defining a Matrix ...145 Viewing and Editing Matrix Elements 146 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 6
the TVM Variables ...262 The EasyData™ Application ...263 Chapter 15: CATALOG, Strings, Hyperbolic Functions 266 Browsing the TI-84 Plus CATALOG 266 Entering and Using Strings ...267 Storing Strings to String Variables 268 String Functions and Instructions in the CATALOG 269 Hyperbolic Functions - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 7
...384 Financial Formulas ...387 Important Things You Need to Know About Your TI-84 Plus 391 Error Conditions ...394 Accuracy Information ...398 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information 400 Texas Instruments Support and Service 400 Battery Information ...400 In Case of Difficulty ...402 vii - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 8
of this guidebook, TI-84 Plus refers to the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition, but all of the instructions, examples, and functions in this guidebook also work for the TI-84 Plus. The two graphing calculators differ only in available RAM memory, interchangeable faceplates, and Flash application ROM memory - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 9
TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Graphing Keys Editing Keys Advanced Function Keys Scientific Calculator Keys Using the Color.Coded Keyboard The keys on the TI-84 Plus are color-coded to help you easily locate the key you need. The light colored keys are the number keys. The keys along the right - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 10
press } to scroll through the history of previous calculations. • If Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) had previously turned off the graphing calculator, the TI-84 Plus will return exactly as you left it, including the display, cursor, and any error. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 3 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 11
reappears. When to Replace Batteries When the batteries are low, a low-battery message is displayed when you turn on the graphing calculator. To replace the batteries without losing any information in memory, follow the steps in Appendix C. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 4 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 12
graphs and text simultaneously. Home Screen The home screen is the primary screen of the TI-84 Plus. On this screen, enter instructions to execute and expressions to evaluate. The answers are displayed on the same screen. Most calculations or the program editor (Chapter TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 5 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 13
right side of the next line. Entry Answer The mode settings control the way the TI-84 Plus interprets expressions and displays answers. If an answer, such as a list or matrix, is YVAR menu. Shortcut menus allow quick access to the following: Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 6 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 14
may not be available if t plus F-key combinations are used by an application that is running, such as Inequality Graphing or Transformation Graphing. Returning to the Home Screen To return to the home screen from any other screen, press y 5. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 7 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 15
. Graphs and editors sometimes display additional cursors, which are described in other chapters. Interchangeable Faceplates The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has interchangeable faceplates that let you customize the appearance of your unit. To purchase additional faceplates, refer to the TI Online - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 16
careful not to damage the faceplate or the keyboard. Installing New Faceplates 1. Align the top of the faceplate in the corresponding grooves of the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition case. 2. Gently click the faceplate into place. Do not force. 3. Make sure you gently press each of the grooves to ensure the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 17
screen, select 1: Quit. - or - • To return to the clock application and correct the error, select 2: Goto. Turning the Clock On There are two options to turn the clock on. One option is through the MODE screen, the other is through the Catalog. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 10 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 18
same order as you would write it on paper. For example, pR2 is an expression. You can use an expression on the home screen to calculate an answer. In most places where a value is required, you can use an expression to enter a value. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 11 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 19
you enter LOG, the TI-84 Plus interprets the entry as implied multiplication of the variables L, O, and G. Calculate 3.76 P (L7.9 + ‡5) + 2 log 45. 3 Ë 76 ¥ £ Ì 7 Ë 9 Ã y C 5 ¤ ¤ Ã 2 « 45 ¤ Í MathPrint™ Classic Multiple Entries on a Line To enter two or more expressions or instructions on a line - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 20
Calculation To interrupt a calculation or graph in progress, which is indicated by the busy indicator, press É. When you interrupt a calculation any non-graphing key. • To restart graphing, press a graphing key or select a graphing instruction. TI-84 Plus Edit Keys TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 13 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 21
program, alpha-lock is set automatically. Pastes an X in Func mode, a T in Par mode, a q in Pol mode, or an n in Seq mode with one keystroke. Setting Modes Checking Mode Settings Mode settings control how the TI-84 Plus displays and interprets numbers and graphs the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 14 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 22
input. Some calculations will compute directly from the wizard. If a command or function is accessed from N the command or function will paste without wizard support. Run the Catalog Help application (Œ) for more of the decimal, as in 12345.67. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 15 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 23
) graphing mode plots functions, where Y is a function of X (Chapter 3). Par (parametric) graphing mode plots relations, where X and Y are functions of T (Chapter 4). Pol (polar) graphing mode plots functions, where r is a function of q (Chapter 5). Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 24
calculated for the selected functions. Dot plotting mode plots only the calculated points of the selected functions. Sequential, Simul Sequential graphing display a graph or edit screen. Each split-screen mode displays two screens simultaneously. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 17 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 25
preserved; however matrix calculations will not be preserved Un/d displays results as a mixed number, if applicable. U, n, and d must be all be Graph: No, Yes No does not display the FORMAT graph screen, but can always be accessed by pressing y .. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 26
support. Run the Catalog Help application (Œ) for more syntax help when needed. Off: The function or command will paste to the cursor location with no syntax help (wizard) Set Clock Use the clock to set the time, date, and clock display formats. Using TI-84 Plus the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 19 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 27
To store a value to a variable from the home screen or a program using the ¿ key, begin on a blank line and follow these steps. 1. Enter the value you want to store. The value can be an expression. 2. Press ¿. ! is copied to the cursor location. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 20 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 28
to display the YVAR shortcut menu, then select the name of the function. • Press |, and then select the name of the program (in the program editor only). The variable name you selected is displayed on the bottom line and the cursor disappears. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 21 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 29
or execute an instruction, the expression or instruction is placed in a storage area called ENTRY (last entry). When you turn off the TI-84 Plus, ENTRY is retained in memory. To recall ENTRY, press y [. The last entry is pasted to the current cursor location, where you can edit and execute it - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 30
N N ¡ Í Í Í Multiple Entry Values on a Line To store to ENTRY two or more expressions or instructions, separate each expression or instruction with a colon, then press Í. All expressions and instructions separated by colons are stored in ENTRY. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 23 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 31
evaluated, the TI-84 Plus uses the value of Ans in the calculation. Calculate the area of a garden plot 1.7 meters by 4.2 meters. Then calculate the yield per square meter if the plot produces a total of 147 tomatoes. 1 Ë 7 ¯ 4 Ë 2 Í 147 ¥ y Z Í Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 24 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 32
calculate the volume of a cylinder of radius 5 meters and height 3.3 meters, and then store the result in the variable V. yB5 ¡ Í ¯ 3 Ë 3 Í ¿ƒ V Í TI-84 Plus Menus Using a TI-84 Plus Menu You can access most TI-84 Plus data archive (Chapter 18). Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 25 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 33
Displaying a Menu While using your TI-84 Plus, you often will need to access items from its menus. When you press a key that displays a menu, that menu menu item, press }. To go to the first menu item directly from the last menu item, press †. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 26 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 34
or q. If no items begin with that character, the cursor moves beyond it to the next item. Example: Calculate 3‡27 27 Í Leaving a Menu without Making a Selection You can leave a menu without making a selection in or store to them directly. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 27 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 35
Table... 7: String... X/Y, T/q, and U/V/W variables ZX/ZY, ZT/Zq, and ZU variables Graph database variables Picture variables XY, G, EQ, TEST, and PTS variables TABLE variables String variables menu. It is pasted to the cursor location. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 28 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 36
1à(2...X) (Chapter 2). Parentheses All calculations inside a pair of parentheses are completed first. For example, in the expression 4(1+2), EOS first evaluates the portion inside the parentheses, 1+2, and then multiplies the answer, 3, by 4. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 29 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 37
are built into the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition, and 0.5 MB for the TI-84 Plus. About 24 kilobytes (K) of RAM (random access memory) are available for you to compute and store functions, programs, and data. About 1.5 M of user data archive allow you to store data, programs, applications, or any other - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 38
to be edited frequently, you can free up RAM for applications that may require additional memory. For details, refer to: Chapter 18. Other TI-84 Plus Features The TI-84 Plus guidebook that is included with your graphing calculator has introduced you to basic TI-84 Plus operations. This guidebook - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 39
the complete list of applications that came with your graphing calculator. Visit education.ti.com/guides for additional Flash application guidebooks. For details, refer to Chapter 14. CATALOG The CATALOG is a convenient, alphabetical list of all functions and instructions on the TI-84 Plus. You can - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 40
a TI-84 Plus, a TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, a TI-83 Plus, a TI-83, a TI-82, a TI-73, CBL 2™, or a CBR™ System. With TI Connect™ software and a USB computer cable, you can also link the TI-84 Plus to a personal computer. As future software upgrades become available on the TI Web site, you can download - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 41
syntax error occurs in the contents of a Y= function during program execution, then the Goto option returns to the Y= editor, not to the program. Correcting an Error To correct an error, follow these steps. Appendix B. 4. Correct the expression. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 34 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 42
Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. For more probability simulations, try the Probability Simulations App for the TI-84 Plus. You can download this App from education.ti.com. Suppose you want to model flipping a fair coin 10 times. You want to track how many of - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 43
Keyboard Math Operations Using Lists with Math Operations Math operations that are valid for lists return a list calculated element by element. If you use two lists in the same expression, they must be the same length. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division You can use + ( - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 44
lists. MathPrint™: epower Classic: e^(power) Constant e (constant, y [e]) is stored as a constant on the TI-84 Plus. Press y [e] to copy e to the cursor location. In calculations, the TI-84 Plus uses 2.718281828459 for e. Negation M (negation, Ì) returns the negative of value. You can use M with - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 45
higher than the subtraction sign (N), which is displayed when you press ¹. Pi p (Pi, y B) is stored as a constant in the TI-84 Plus. In calculations, the TI-84 Plus uses 3.1415926535898 for p. MATH Operations MATH Menu To display the MATH menu, press . MATH NUM CPX PRB 1: 4Frac Displays the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 46
end, where start - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 47
MathPrint™ Classic nDeriv( nDeriv( (numerical derivative) returns an approximate derivative of expression with respect to variable, given the value at which to calculate the derivative and H (if not specified, the default is 1âL3). nDeriv( is valid only for real numbers. Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 48
to change H for investigations. MathPrint™ Classic You can use nDeriv( once in expression. Because of the method used to calculate nDeriv(, the TI-84 Plus can return a false derivative value at a nondifferentiable point. fnInt( fnInt( (function integral) returns the numerical integral (Gauss-Kronrod - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 49
Note: To speed the drawing of integration graphs (when fnInt( is used in a Y= equation), increase the value of the Xres window variable before you press s. Using the Equation Solver Solver Solver displays the equation solver, in which you can solve for any variable in an equation. The equation is - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 50
to solve an equation such as K=.5MV2, enter eqn:0=KN.5MV2 in the equation editor. Entering and Editing Variable Values When you enter or edit a value for a variable in the interactive solver editor, the new value is stored in memory to that variable. You can enter an expression for a variable value - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 51
calculated as (---u---p----p---e---r----+-----l--o---w-----e---r--)- . 2 4. Edit bound={lower,upper}. lower and upper are the bounds between which the TI-84 Plus explore solutions from the interactive solver editor. Edit the values of one or more variables. When you edit any variable value, the solid - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 52
to solve and press ƒ \. Controlling the Solution for Solver or solve( The TI-84 Plus solves equations through an iterative process. To control that process on the Home Screen or from a Program The function solve( is available only from CATALOG or from within a program. It returns a solution (root) - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 53
MATH NUM CPX PRB 4: fPart( Fractional part 5: int( Greatest integer 6: min( Minimum value 7: max( Maximum value 8: lcm( Least common multiple 9: gcd( Greatest common divisor 0: remainder( Reports the remainder as a whole number from a division of two whole numbers where the divisor is - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 54
round( round( returns a number, expression, list, or matrix rounded to #decimals (9). If #decimals is omitted, value is rounded to the digits that are displayed, up to 10 digits. round(value[,#decimals]) iPart(, fPart( iPart( (integer part) returns the integer part or parts of real or complex - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 55
Note: For a given value, the result of int( is the same as the result of iPart( for nonnegative numbers and negative integers, but one integer less than the result of iPart( for negative noninteger numbers. min(, max( min( (minimum value) returns the smaller of valueA and valueB or the smallest - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 56
remainder( remainder( returns the remainder resulting from the division of two positive whole numbers, dividend and divisor, each of which can be a list. The divisor cannot be zero. If both arguments are lists, they must have the same number of elements. If one argument is a list and the other a non - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 57
can be real numbers or expressions but may not contain complex numbers. MathPrint™ " Classic Entering and Using Complex Numbers Complex-Number Modes The TI-84 Plus displays complex numbers in rectangular form and polar form. To select a complex-number mode, press z, and then select either of the two - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 58
On the TI-84 Plus, complex numbers can be stored to variables. Also, complex numbers are valid list elements. In Real mode, complex-number results return an error, unless you - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 59
Mode Radian mode is recommended for complex number calculations. Internally, the TI-84 Plus converts all entered trigonometric values to radians, but polar form, as specified by the mode setting or by a display conversion instruction. In the example below, polar-complex (re^qi) and Radian modes - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 60
To enter a complex number in polar form, enter the value of r (magnitude), press y J (exponential function), enter the value of q (angle), press y V (constant), and then press ¤. magnitudee^(anglei) MathPrint™ Classic Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations 53 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 61
MATH CPX (Complex) Operations MATH CPX Menu To display the MATH CPX menu, press ~ ~. MATH NUM CPX PRB 1: conj( Returns the complex conjugate. 2: real( Returns the real part. 3: imag( Returns the imaginary part. 4: angle( Returns the polar angle. 5: abs( Returns the magnitude (modulus). - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 62
MathPrint™ Classic angle( angle( returns the polar angle of a complex number or list of complex numbers, calculated as tanL1 (b/a), where b is the imaginary part and a is the real part. The calculation is adjusted by +p in the second quadrant or Np in the third quadrant. angle(a+bi) returns tanL1 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 63
abs(a+bi) returns . abs(re^(qi)) returns r (magnitude). 4Rect 4Rect (display as rectangular) displays a complex result in rectangular form. It is valid only at the end of an expression. It is not valid if the result is real. complex result8Rect returns a+bi. 4Polar 4Polar (display as polar) - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 64
rand in an expression. For example, rand5 generates a random number > 0 and < 5. With each rand execution, the TI-84 Plus generates the same random-number sequence for a given seed value. The TI-84 Plus factory-set seed value for rand is 0. To generate a different random-number sequence, store any - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 65
reduced to either 0 or L1/2. At that point, the definition 0!=1 or the definition (L1à2)!=‡p is used to complete the calculation. Hence: n!=n...(nN1)...(nN2)... ... ...2...1, if n is an integer , 0 n!= n...(nN1)...(nN2)... ... ...1à2...‡p, if n+1à2 is an integer , 0 n! is an error, if neither n nor - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 66
Operations ANGLE Menu To display the ANGLE menu, press y ;. The ANGLE menu displays angle indicators and instructions. The Radian/Degree mode setting affects the TI-84 Plus's interpretation of ANGLE menu entries. ANGLE 1: ¡ 2: ' Degree notation DMS minute notation Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 67
support fractions in minutes or seconds. degrees¡minutes'seconds" For example, we know that 30 degrees is the same as p/6 radians, and we can verify that by looking at the values in degree and radian modes. If the angle mode is not set to Degree, you must use ¡ so that the TI-84 Plus - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 68
Radians r (radians) designates an angle or list of angles as radians, regardless of the current angle mode setting. In Degree mode, you can use r to convert radians to degrees. valuer Degree mode 8DMS 8DMS (degree/minute/second) displays answer in DMS format. The mode setting must be Degree for - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 69
the graph of a function over specific values. valueA=valueB valueA>valueB valueA - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 70
Only one value is zero (false). The value is zero (false). Boolean Operators Boolean operators are often used in programs to control program flow and in graphing to control the graph of the function over specific values. Values are interpreted as zero (false) or nonzero (true). and, or, xor and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 71
Boolean logic is often used with relational tests. In the following program, the instructions store 4 into C. Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations 64 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 72
expression Y=L‡(100NX2) defines the bottom half of the circle. On the TI-84 Plus, you can define one function in terms of another. To define Y2 quick way to reset the window variables to the standard values. It also graphs the functions; you do not need to press s. Notice that the functions appear - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 73
notice the new values for Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, and Ymax. Defining Graphs TI-84 Plus-Graphing Mode Similarities Chapter 3 specifically describes function graphing, but the steps shown here are similar for each TI-84 Plus graphing mode. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 describe aspects that are unique to parametric - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 74
and before you enter the functions. The TI-84 Plus has four graphing modes. • Func (function graphing) • Par (parametric graphing; Chapter 4) • Pol (polar graphing; Chapter 5) • Seq (sequence graphing; Chapter 6) Other mode settings affect graphing results. Chapter 1 describes each mode setting - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 75
graph one or more defined functions at once. In this example, functions Y1 and Y2 are defined and selected. Defining or Editing a Function To define or edit a Function from the Home Screen or a Program To define a function from the home screen or a program, begin on a blank line and follow these - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 76
instruction is executed, the TI-84 Plus stores the expression to the designated variable Yn, selects the function, and displays the message Done. Evaluating Y= Functions in Expressions You can calculate highlighted. The TI-84 Plus graphs only the edit a function, it is selected automatically. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 77
program, begin on a blank line and follow these steps. 1. Press ~ to display the VARS Y-VARS menu. 2. Select 4:On/Off to display the ON/OFF secondary menu. 3. Select 1:FnOn to turn on one or more functions or 2:FnOff to turn off one or more functions. The instruction When the instruction is - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 78
Press o to display the Y= editor. 2. Press † and } to move the cursor to the function. 3. Press | | to move the cursor left, past the = sign, to the graph style icon in the first column. The insert cursor is displayed. (Steps 2 and 3 are interchangeable.) 4. Press Í repeatedly to rotate through the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 79
functions, the TI-84 Plus rotates through four shading patterns. • Vertical lines shade the first function with a é or ê graph style. • Graph Style from a Program To set the graph style from a program, select H:GraphStyle( from the PRGM CTL menu. To display this menu, press while in the program - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 80
to a specific digit, and then edit it. 3. Press Í, †, or }. If you entered an expression, the TI-84 Plus evaluates it. The new value is stored. Note: Xmin - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 81
want to store a value. The name of the variable is pasted to the current cursor location. 6. Press Í to complete the instruction. When the instruction is executed, the TI-84 Plus stores the value to the window variable and displays the value. @X and @Y The variables @X and @Y (items 8 and 9 on the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 82
q; if CoordOn format is selected, R and q are displayed. CoordOn, CoordOff CoordOn (coordinates on) displays the cursor coordinates at the bottom of the graph. If ExprOff format is selected, the function number is displayed in the top-right corner. CoordOff (coordinates off) does not display the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 83
specifies which function is being traced. Displaying Graphs Displaying a New Graph To display the graph of the selected function or functions, press s. TRACE, ZOOM instructions, and CALC operations display the graph automatically. As the TI-84 Plus plots the graph, the busy indicator is on. As the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 84
of Curves If you enter a list (Chapter 11) as an element in an expression, the TI-84 Plus plots the function for each value in the list, thereby graphing a family of curves. In Simul graphing-order mode, it graphs all functions sequentially for the first element in each list, and then for the second - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 85
the center of the viewing window. As you move the cursor around the graph, the coordinate values of the cursor location are displayed at the bottom of point to the next along a function. To begin a trace, press r. If the graph is not displayed already, press r to display it. The trace cursor is on - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 86
enter a value, and then press Í. press } or †. When the trace cursor moves along a function, the Y value is calculated from the X value; that is, Y=Yn(X). If the function is undefined at an X value, the Y value is blank. Trace feature does not apply to stat plots. Chapter 3: Function Graphing 79 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 87
when you left TRACE, unless Smart Graph has replotted the graph. Using TRACE in a Program On a blank line in the program editor, press r. The instruction Trace is pasted to the cursor location. When the instruction is encountered during program execution, the graph is displayed with the trace cursor - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 88
selecting the variable from the X/Y, T/q, or U/V/W menu. Zoom Cursor When you select 1:ZBox, 2:Zoom In, or 3:Zoom Out, the cursor on the graph becomes the zoom cursor (+), a smaller version of the free-moving cursor (+). ZBox To define a new viewing window using ZBox, follow these steps. 1. Select - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 89
is to be the center of the new viewing window. 4. Press Í. The TI-83 Plus adjusts the viewing window by XFact and YFact; updates the window variables; and center of the new viewing window, and then press Í. To zoom out on a graph, select 3:Zoom Out and repeat steps 3 through 5. To cancel Zoom In or - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 90
. XMin and XMax are not changed. ZQuadrant1 ZQuandrant1 replots the function immediately. It redefines the window settings so that only quadrant 1 is displayed. Chapter 3: Function Graphing 83 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 91
to 1/5 and set the X and Y value of each pixel to one decimal place. Xmin=L47/5 Xmax=47/5 Xscl=1 Ymin=L31/5 Ymax=31/5 Yscl=1 Chapter 3: Function Graphing 84 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 92
Zoom In and Zoom Out factors. ZPrevious ZPrevious replots the graph using the window variables of the graph that was displayed before you executed the last ZOOM instruction. ZoomSto ZoomSto immediately stores the current viewing window. The graph is displayed, and the values of the current window - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 93
it. Using ZOOM MEMORY Menu Items from the Home Screen or a Program From the home screen or a program, you can store directly to any of the user-defined ZOOM variables. From a program, you can select the ZoomSto and ZoomRcl instructions from the ZOOM MEMORY menu. Chapter 3: Function Graphing 86 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 94
no value is displayed, press ' to cancel the value operation. To evaluate a selected function at X, follow these steps. 1. Select 1:value from the CALCULATE menu. The graph is displayed with X= in the bottom-left corner. 2. Enter a real value, which can be an expression, for X between Xmin and Xmax - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 95
the left and right bounds and the accuracy of your guess. To find a zero of a function, follow these steps. 1. Select 2:zero from the CALCULATE menu. The current graph is displayed with Left Bound? in the bottom-left corner. 2. Press } or † to move the cursor onto the function for which you want to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 96
solve(. The intersection must appear on the display to use intersect. To find an intersection, follow these steps. 1. Select 5:intersect from the CALCULATE menu. The current graph is displayed with First curve? in the bottom-left corner. 2. Press † or }, if necessary, to move the cursor to the first - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 97
the fnInt( function, with a tolerance of H=1âL3. To find the numerical integral of a function, follow these steps. 1. Select 7:‰f(x)dx from the CALCULATE menu. The current graph is displayed with Lower Limit? in the bottom-left corner. 2. Press } or † to move the cursor to the function for which you - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 98
. Horizontal: X1(t)=tv0cos(q) Vertical: Y1(t)=tv0sin(q)N 1-2 gt2 The vertical and horizontal vectors of the ball's motion also will be graphed. Vertical vector: Horizontal vector: Gravity constant: X2(t)=0 X3(t)=X1(t) g=9.8 m/sec2 Y2(t)=Y1(t) Y3(t)=0 1. Press z. Press to select Par mode - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 99
by X3T and Y3T. 7. Press t a Í Í to define X3T. 8. Press 0 Í to define Y3T. 9. Press | | } Í to change the graph style to è for X3T and Y3T. Press } Í Í to change the graph style to ë for X2T and Y2T. Press } Í Í to change the graph style to ë for X1T and Y1T. (These keystrokes assume that all - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 100
Graphs TI-84 Plus Graphing Mode Similarities The steps for defining a parametric graph are similar to the steps for defining a function graph. application of parametric graphs is graphing equations over time. Selecting a Graph Style The icons to the left of X1T through X6T represent the graph - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 101
3 for defining a function or editing a function. The independent variable in a parametric equation is T. In parametric graphing mode, you can enter the define both of them. Selecting and Deselecting Parametric Equations The TI-84 Plus graphs only the selected parametric equations. In the Y= editor, - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 102
you press s, the TI-84 Plus plots the selected parametric equations. It evaluates the X and Y components for each value of T (from Tmin to Tmax in intervals of Tstep), and then plots each point defined by X and Y. The window variables define the viewing window. As the graph is plotted, X, Y, and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 103
ZT/Zq items 1:ZTmin, 2:ZTmax, and 3:ZTstep are the zoom memory variables for parametric graphing. CALC CALC operations in parametric graphing work the same as in Func graphing. The CALCULATE menu items available in parametric graphing are 1:value, 2:dy/dx, 3:dy/dt, and 4:dx/dt. Chapter 4: Parametric - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 104
and then explore the appearance of the rose for other values of A and B. 1. Press z to display the MODE screen. Press † to select Pol graphing mode. Select the defaults (the options on the left) for the other mode settings. 2. Press o to display the polar Y= editor. Press 8 ˜ 2.5 „ ¤ Í to define - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 105
3 for defining a function or editing a function. The independent variable in a polar equation is q. In Pol graphing mode, you can enter the polar variable q in either of two ways. • Press „. • Press ƒ [q]. Selecting and Deselecting Polar Equations The TI-84 Plus graphs only the selected polar - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 106
The other graphing modes share these format settings. Displaying a Graph When you press s, the TI-84 Plus plots the graph is plotted, X, Y, R, and q are updated. Smart Graph applies to polar graphs. Window Variables and Y.VARS Menus You can perform these actions from the home screen or a program - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 107
; if CoordOn format is selected, R and q are displayed. TRACE To activate TRACE, press r. When TRACE is active, you can move the trace cursor along the graph of the equation one qstep at a time. When you begin a trace, the trace cursor is on the first selected function at qmin. If ExprOn format - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 108
. The VARS ZOOM secondary menu ZT/Zq items 4:Zqmin, 5:Zqmax, and 6:Zqstep are zoom memory variables for Pol graphing. CALC CALC operations in Pol graphing work the same as in Func graphing. The CALCULATE menu items available in Pol graphing are 1:value, 2:dy/dx, and 3:dr/dq. Chapter 5: Polar - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 109
z. Press to select Seq graphing mode. 2. Press y . and select Time axes format and ExprOn format if necessary. 3. Press o. If the graph-style icon is not ç trees. Press † 4000 to define the number of trees at the beginning of the program. Note: Be sure to press y [u], not t [U]. [u] is the second - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 110
you enter window variables and before you enter sequence functions. Sequence graphs automatically plot in Simul mode, regardless of the current plotting-order mode setting. TI-84 Plus Sequence Functions u, v, and w The TI-84 Plus has three sequence functions that you can enter from the keyboard - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 111
available for sequence graphing. Graph styles are ignored in Web format. Selecting and Deselecting Sequence Functions The TI-84 Plus graphs only the u(n) and its initial value u(nMin). Defining and Editing a Sequence Function To define or edit a sequence function, follow the steps in Chapter 3 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 112
sequence below you cannot calculate u(5) without first calculating u(1), u(2), u(3), and u(4). Using an initial value u(nMin) = 1, the sequence above returns 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ... . Note: On the TI-84 Plus, you must type must specify an initial value for the first term. Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing 105 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 113
u(n). Setting Window Variables To display the window variables, press p. These variables define the viewing window. The values below are defaults for Seq graphing in both Radian and Degree angle modes. nMin=1 nMax=10 PlotStart=1 PlotStep=1 Xmin=L10 Xmax=10 Xscl=1 Ymin=L10 Ymax=10 Yscl=1 Smallest - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 114
selected sequence functions, press s. As a graph is plotted, the TI-84 Plus updates X, Y, and n. Smart Graph applies to sequence graphs (Chapter 3). Exploring Sequence Graphs Free-Moving Cursor The free-moving cursor in Seq graphing works the same as in Func graphing. In RectGC format, moving the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 115
for the current viewing window. When you have completed the entry, press Í to move the cursor. ZOOM ZOOM operations in Seq graphing work the same as in Func graphing. Only the X (Xmin, Xmax, and Xscl) and Y (Ymin, Ymax, and Yscl) window variables are affected. PlotStart, PlotStep, nMin, and nMax are - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 116
Calculate the nth value in a sequence. • Calculate a list of values in a sequence. • Generate a sequence with u(nstart,nstop[,nstep]). nstep is optional; default is 1. Graphing Web Plots Graphing . Displaying the Graph Screen In Web format, press s to display the graph screen. The TI-84 Plus: • Draws - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 117
to press ~. Using Web Plots to Illustrate Convergence Example: Convergence 1. Press o in Seq mode to display the sequence Y= editor. Make sure the graph style is set to í (dot), and then define nMin, u(n) and u(nMin) as u(n) = -.8u(n-1) + 3.6. 2. Press y . Í to set Time axes format. 3. Press p and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 118
press ~ again, the n value remains the same, and the cursor moves to the y=x reference line. This pattern repeats as you trace the web. Graphing Phase Plots Graphing with uv, vw, and uw The phase-plot axes settings uv, vw, and uw show relationships between two sequences. To select a phase-plot - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 119
the variables as shown below. nMin=0 nMax=400 PlotStart=1 PlotStep=1 Xmin=0 Xmax=400 Xscl=100 Ymin=0 Ymax=300 Yscl=100 4. Press s to graph the sequence. 5. Press r ~ to individually trace the number of rabbits (u(n)) and foxes (v(n)) over time (n). Note: Press a number, and then press Í to jump - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 120
their TI-82 counterparts. TI-84 Plus In the Y= editor: u(n) u(nMin) v(n) v(nMin) w(n) w(nMin) In the window editor: nMin nMax PlotStart PlotStep TI-82 Un UnStart (window variable) Vn VnStart (window variable) not available not available nStart nMax nMin not available Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 121
and variable syntax. TI-84 Plus / TI-82 n / n u(n) / Un v(n) / Vn w(n) u(nN1) / UnN1 v(nN1) / VnN1 w(nN1) On TI-84 Plus, press: „ y [u] £ „ ¤ y [v] £ „ ¤ y [w] £ „ ¤ y [u y [v y [w On TI-82, press: y ô y ó ¶¦À y ó ¶¦Á not available y õ y ö not available Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing 114 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 122
the function Y = X3 N 2X at each integer between L10 and 10. How many sign changes occur, and at what X values? 1. Press z to set Func graphing mode. 2. Press o. Press „ 3 to select 3. Then press ¹ 2 „ to enter the function Y1=X3N2X. 3. Press y - to display the TABLE SETUP screen. Press Ì 10 Í to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 123
independent variable, all corresponding dependent-variable values are calculated and displayed automatically. Values are displayed automatically for from the Home Screen or a Program To store a value to TblStart, @Tbl, or Tbl[nput from the home screen or a program, select the variable name from the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 124
graphing mode is used. In parametric mode, you must define both components of each parametric equation (Chapter 4). Editing Dependent Variables from the Table Editor To edit cursor moves to the bottom line. Edit the function. 4. Press Í or †. The new values are calculated. The table and the Y= - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 125
the dependent variables Y1 and Y2 are displayed because Func graphing mode is set. Graphing Mode Func (function) Par (parametric) Pol (polar) Screen or a Program From the home screen, select the ClrTable instruction from the CATALOG. To clear the table, press Í. From a program, select 9:ClrTable - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 126
Scrolling Independent-Variable Values If Indpnt: Auto is selected, you can press } and † in the independent-variable column to display more values. As you scroll the column, the corresponding dependent-variable values also are displayed. All dependent-variable values may not be displayed if Depend: - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 127
dependent variables defined by other selected Y= functions. The independent variable always remains in the left column, except during a trace with parametric graphing mode and G-T split-screen mode set. Note: To simultaneously display two dependent variables on the table that are not defined as - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 128
Radian and Func, if necessary. 2. Press o to display the Y= editor. Press ˜ „ ¤ to store sin(X) in Y1. 3. Press q 7 to select 7:ZTrig, which graphs the equation in the Zoom Trig window. 4. Press y < 5 to select 5:Tangent(. The tangent instruction is initiated. 5. Press y C 2 ¤ ¥ 2. Chapter 8: Draw - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 129
the DRAW Menu DRAW Menu To display the DRAW menu, press y - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 130
y-coordinate values. You can use most DRAW menu and DRAW POINTS menu instructions to draw directly on a graph, using the cursor to identify the coordinates. You also can execute these instructions from the home screen or from within a program. If a graph is not displayed when you select a DRAW menu - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 131
Segments Drawing a Line Segment Directly on a Graph To draw a line segment when a graph is displayed, follow these steps. 1. and 3. To cancel Line(, press '. Drawing a Line Segment from the Home Screen or a Program Line( also draws a line segment between the coordinates (X1,Y1) and (X2,Y2). The - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 132
Home Screen or a Program Horizontal (horizontal line) draws a horizontal line at Y=y. y, which can be an expression but not a list. Horizontal y Vertical (vertical line) draws a vertical line at X=x. x, which can be an expression but not a list. Vertical x To instruct the TI-84 Plus to draw more - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 133
to the function for which you want to draw the tangent line. The current graph's Y= function is displayed in the top-left corner, if ExprOn is selected. the equation for Y. Drawing a Tangent Line from the Home Screen or a Program Tangent( (tangent line) draws a line tangent to expression in terms of - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 134
a Function DrawF (draw function) draws expression as a function in terms of X on the current graph. When you select 6:DrawF from the DRAW menu, the TI-84 Plus returns to the home screen or the program editor. DrawF is not interactive. DrawF expression Note: You cannot use a list in expression to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 135
, select 7:Shade( from the DRAW menu. The instruction is pasted to the home screen or to the program editor. Shade(lowerfunc,upperfunc[,Xleft,Xright,pattern,patres]) MathPrint™ Classic Shade( draws lowerfunc and upperfunc in terms of X on the current graph and shades the area that is specifically - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 136
: When you use Circle( on the home screen or from a program, the current window values may distort the drawn circle. Use ZSquare q. You may enter TI-84 Plus functions, variables, and instructions. The font is proportional, so the exact number of characters you can place on the graph varies. As you - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 137
from the Home Screen or a Program Text( places on the current graph the characters comprising value, which can include TI-84 Plus functions and instructions. The top-left corner of the first character is at pixel (row,column), where row is an integer between 0 and 57 and column is an - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 138
DRAW POINTS Menu To display the DRAW POINTS menu, press y < ~. The TI-84 Plus's interpretation of these instructions depends on whether you accessed this menu from the home screen or the program editor or directly from a graph. DRAW POINTS 1: Pt-On( 2: Pt-Off( 3: Pt-Change( 4: Pxl-On( 5: Pxl-Off - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 139
cancel Pt-Change(, press '. Drawing Points from the Home Screen or a Program Pt-On( (point on) turns on the point at (X=x,Y=y). Pt-Off( TI-84 Plus Pixels A pixel is a square dot on the TI-84 Plus display. The Pxl- (pixel) instructions let you turn on, turn off, or reverse a pixel (dot) on the graph - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 140
DRAW POINTS menu, the TI-84 Plus returns to the home screen or the program editor. The pixel instructions are not interactive. Turning On at (row,column) is turned on or 0 if the pixel is turned off on the current graph. row must be an integer between 0 and 62. column must be an integer between 0 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 141
Menu To display the DRAW STO menu, press y < |. When you select an instruction from the DRAW STO menu, the TI-84 Plus returns to the home screen or the program editor. The picture and graph database instructions are not interactive. DRAW POINTS STO 1: StorePic 2: RecallPic 3: StoreGDB 4: RecallGDB - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 142
a picture. For example, if you enter 3, the TI-84 Plus will recall the picture stored to Pic3. Note: You also can select a variable from the PICTURE secondary menu ( 4). The variable is pasted next to RecallPic. 3. Press Í to display the current graph with the picture superimposed on it. Note - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 143
to replace the current GDB with the recalled GDB. The new graph is not plotted. The TI-84 Plus changes the graphing mode automatically, if necessary. Deleting a Graph Database To delete a GDB from memory, use the MEMORY MANAGEMENT/DELETE secondary menu (Chapter 18). Chapter 8: Draw Instructions 136 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 144
to select G-T (graphtable) split-screen mode. 2. Press to display the format screen. Press to select ExprOff. 3. Press o to display the Y= editor for Par graphing mode. Press to store cos(T) to X1T. Press to store sin(T) to Y1T. 4. Press p to display the window editor. Enter these values for - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 145
stat plots are turned on, the plots are shown along with the x-y plots in graphs. Press y 0 to make the table portion of the split screen active and the list data. Press † or } to highlight a value you want to edit, and then enter a new value directly in the table to overwrite the previous value - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 146
key applies. For example, if you press r, the cursor is placed in the half where the graph is displayed. If you press y 0, the cursor is placed in the half where the table is displayed. The TI-84 Plus will remain in split-screen mode until you change back to Full screen mode. Horiz (Horizontal - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 147
and right halves. The left half displays all active graphs and plots. The right half displays either table data corresponding to the graph at the left or list data corresponding to the plot are list data, these values can be edited similarly to using the Stat List Editor. Chapter 9: Split Screen 140 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 148
combination that displays the graph or the table. TI-84 Plus Pixels in Horiz and G-T Modes TI-84 Plus Pixels in Horiz and G-T Modes Note: Each set of numbers in parentheses above represents the row and column of a corner pixel, which is turned on. DRAW POINTS Menu Pixel Instructions For Pxl-On(, Pxl - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 149
, row must be {8; column must be {16. Output(row,column,"text") Note: The Output( instruction can only be used within a program. Setting a Split-Screen Mode from the Home Screen or a Program To set Horiz or G-T from a program, follow these steps. 1. Press z while the cursor is on a blank line in the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 150
Menu Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. You can use the MTRX shortcut menu (t `) to enter a quick matrix calculation on the home screen or in the Y= editor. Note: To input a fraction in a matrix, delete the pre-populated zero first. Example: Add the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 151
can press ~ ~ to display the EDIT screen and then select [C] to edit it. Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Find the solution of X + 2Y + 3Z = 3 and 2X + 3Y + 4Z = 3. On the TI-84 Plus, you can solve a system of - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 152
What Is a Matrix? A matrix is a two-dimensional array. You can display, define, or edit a matrix in the matrix editor. You can also define a matrix using the MTRX shortcut menu (t `).The TI-84 Plus has 10 matrix variables, [A] through [J]. You can define a matrix directly in an expression. A matrix - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 153
the rectangular cursor moves to the first matrix element. Viewing and Editing Matrix Elements Displaying Matrix Elements After you have set the dimensions new matrix, all values are zero. Select the matrix from the MATRX EDIT menu and enter or accept the dimensions. The center portion of the matrix - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 154
; on the column dimension, } moves the cursor to the row dimension Switches to editing context; activates the edit cursor on the bottom line Switches to editing context; clears the value on the bottom line Switches to editing context; clears the value on the bottom line; copies the character to the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 155
of the matrix into the expression with y K (Chapter 1). • Enter the matrix directly (see below). Entering a Matrix in an Expression You can enter, edit, and store a matrix in the matrix editor. You also can enter a matrix directly in an expression. To enter a matrix in an expression, follow these - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 156
enter this kind of matrix: 1. Press t to define the matrix dimension. 2. Press 1 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 4 ~ 5 ~ 6 ~ to define the matrix. 3. Press Í to perform the calculation. Displaying and Copying Matrices Displaying a Matrix To display the contents of a matrix on the home screen, select the matrix from the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 157
Í Í to repeat the calculation. MathPrint™ Classic Note: • You cannot copy a matrix output from the history. • Matrix calculations are not saved when you matrix name. Accessing a Matrix Element On the home screen or from within a program, you can store a value to, or recall a value from, a matrix - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 158
Using Math Functions with Matrices Using Math Functions with Matrices You can use many of the math functions on the TI-84 Plus keypad, the MATH menu, the MATH NUM menu, and the MATH TEST menu with matrices. However, the dimensions must be appropriate. Each of the functions - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 159
Negation Negating a matrix returns a matrix in which the sign of every element is changed. Lmatrix abs( abs( (absolute value, MATH NUM menu) returns a matrix containing the absolute value of each element of matrix. abs(matrix) round( round( (MATH NUM menu) returns a matrix. It rounds every element - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 160
matrixL1 Powers To raise a matrix to a power, matrix must be square. You can use 2 (¡), 3 (MATH menu), or ^power (›) for integer power between 0 and 255. matrix2 matrix3 matrix^power MathPrint™ Classic Relational Operations To compare two matrices using the relational operations = and ƒ (TEST menu), - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 161
(matrix) Using the MATRX MATH Operations MATRX MATH Menu To display the MATRX MATH menu, press y ~. NAMES MATH EDIT 1: det( Calculates the determinant. 2: T Transposes the matrix. 3: dim( Returns the matrix dimensions. 4: Fill( Fills all elements with a constant. 5: identity( Returns - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 162
NAMES MATH EDIT 9: List4matr( Stores a list to a matrix. 0: cumSum( Returns the cumulative sums of a matrix. A: ref( Returns the row-echelon form of a matrix. B: rref( Returns the reduced row- - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 163
Note: dim(matrix)"Ln:Ln(1) returns the number of rows. dim(matrix)"Ln:Ln(2) returns the number of columns. Creating a Matrix with dim( Use dim( with ¿ to create a new matrixname of dimensions rows × columns with 0 as each element. {rows,columns}"dim(matrixname) Redimensioning a Matrix with dim( Use - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 164
randM( randM( (create random matrix) returns a rows × columns random matrix of integers , L9 and 9. The seed value stored to the rand function controls the values (Chapter 2). randM(rows,columns) augment( augment( appends matrixA to matrixB as new columns. matrixA and matrixB both must have the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 165
Matr4list( also fills a listname with elements from a specified column# in matrix. To fill a list with a specific column from matrix, you must enter column# after matrix. Matr4list(matrix,column#,listname) List4matr( List4matr( (lists stored to matrix) fills matrixname column by column with the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 166
ref(, rref( ref( (row-echelon form) returns the row-echelon form of a real matrix. The number of columns must be greater than or equal to the number of rows. ref(matrix) rref( (reduced row-echelon form) returns the reduced row-echelon form of a real matrix. The number of columns must be greater than - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 167
...row( ...row( (row multiplication) returns a matrix. It multiplies row of matrix by value and stores the results in row. ...row(value,matrix,row) ...row+( ...row+( (row multiplication and addition) returns a matrix. It multiplies rowA of matrix by value, adds it to rowB, and stores the results in - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 168
Chapter 11: Lists Getting Started: Generating a Sequence Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Calculate the first eight terms of the sequence 1/A2. Store the results to a user-created list. Then display the results in fraction form. Begin this example - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 169
in decimal form. Press ~ repeatedly (or press and hold ~) to scroll the list and view all the list elements. Naming Lists Using TI-84 Plus List Names L1 through L6 The TI-84 Plus has six list names in memory: L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6. The list names L1 through L6 are the second - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 170
:, Freq2:, XList:, or YList: prompt in the inferential stat editors • On the home screen using SetUpEditor You can create as many list names as your TI-84 Plus memory has space to store. Storing and Displaying Lists Storing Elements to a List You can store list elements in either of two ways. • Use - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 171
L6. Removing a list from the stat list editor does not delete it from memory. Using Lists in Graphing To graph a family of curves, you can use lists (Chapter 3) or the Transformation Graphing App. Entering List Names Using the LIST NAMES Menu To display the LIST NAMES menu, press y 9. Each item - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 172
element of a list that is referenced in the formula, the corresponding element in the list to which the formula is attached is updated. • When you edit the formula itself, all elements in the list to which the formula is attached are updated. For example, the first screen below shows that elements - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 173
a Program To attach a formula to a list name from a blank line on the home screen or from a program, attach the formula. • Press y, and then enter a TI-84 Plus list name L1 through L6. • Press y 9 and list editor to attach formulas to lists, edit attached formulas, and detach formulas from lists - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 174
• Edit any element of a list to which a formula is attached. • Use the stat list editor must be valid for every element in the list. In graphing, an invalid element, such as L1 in ‡({1,0,L1}), is ignored. This returns an error. This graphs X...‡(1) and X...‡(0), but skips X...‡(L1). • When you use - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 175
• When you use a list and a value with a two-argument function, the value is used with each element in the list. LIST OPS Menu LIST OPS Menu To display the LIST OPS menu, press y 9 ~. NAMES OPS MATH 1: SortA( Sorts lists in ascending order. 2: SortD( Sorts lists in descending order. 3: dim( - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 176
second element of L4, and likewise, 1 becomes the second element of L5. • SortA( and SortD( are the same as SortA( and SortD( on the STAT EDIT menu (Chapter 12). • You cannot sort a locked list. Using dim( to Find List Dimensions dim( (dimension) returns the length (number of elements) of list. dim - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 177
length!dim(listname) Fill( Fill( replaces each element in listname with value. Fill(value,listname) Note: dim( and Fill( are the same as dim( and Fill( on the MATRX MATH menu (Chapter 10). seq( seq( (sequence) returns a list in which each element is the result of the evaluation of expression with - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 178
@List( @List( returns a list containing the differences between consecutive elements in list. @List subtracts the first element in list from the second element, subtracts the second element from the third, and so on. The list of differences is always one element shorter than the original list. list - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 179
2. Enter xlistname, press ¢, enter ylistname, and then press ¤ to designate list names into which you want the selected data to be stored. 3. Press Í. The graph screen is displayed with Left Bound? in the bottom-left corner. 4. Press } or † (if more than one stat plot is selected) to move the cursor - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 180
7. Press | or ~ to move the cursor to the stat plot point that you want for the right bound, and then press Í. The x-values and y-values of the selected points are stored in xlistname and ylistname. A new stat plot of xlistname and ylistname replaces the stat plot from which you selected data points - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 181
created list name when you enter a user-created list name where other input is valid, for example, on the home screen. Without the Ù, the TI-84 Plus may misinterpret a user-created list name as implied multiplication of two or more characters. Ù need not precede a user-created list name where a list - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 182
LIST MATH Menu LIST MATH Menu To display the LIST MATH menu, press y 9 |. NAMES OPS MATH 1: min( Returns minimum element of a list. 2: max( Returns maximum element of a list. 3: mean( Returns mean of a list. 4: median( Returns median of a list. 5: sum( Returns sum of elements in a list. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 183
mean(list[,freqlist]) median(list[,freqlist]) MathPrint™ Classic sum(, prod( sum( (summation) returns the sum of the elements in list. start and end are optional; they specify a range of elements. list elements can be real or complex numbers. prod( returns the product of all elements of list. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 184
stdDev(list[,freqlist]) MathPrint™ Classic variance( returns the variance of the elements in list. The default value for freqlist is 1. Each freqlist element counts the number of consecutive occurrences of the corresponding element in list. Complex lists are not valid. variance(list[,freqlist]) - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 185
example is quoted and adapted from Contemporary Precalculus Through Applications, by the North Carolina School of Science and reserved. 1. Press z to set Func graphing mode. 2. Press ... 5 to select memory. 3. Press ... 1 to select 1:Edit from the STAT EDIT menu. The stat list editor is displayed. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 186
4. Press 6 Ë 5 Í to store the first pendulum string length (6.5 cm) in L1. The rectangular cursor moves to the next row. Repeat this step to enter each of the 12 string length values in the table. 5. Press ~ to move the rectangular cursor to the first row in L2. Press Ë 51 Í to store the first time - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 187
. The linear regression equation is stored in Y1. Residuals are calculated and stored automatically in the list name RESID, which becomes an plot may provide more information about this fit. 15. Press ... 1 to select 1:Edit. The stat list editor is displayed. Press ~ and } to move the cursor onto - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 188
16. Press y 9 to display the LIST NAMES menu. If necessary, press † to move the cursor onto the list name RESID. 17. Press Í to select RESID and paste it to the stat list editor's Name= prompt. 18. Press Í. RESID is stored in column 3 of the stat list editor. Press † repeatedly to examine the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 189
the power regression. Values for a and b are displayed on the home screen. The power regression equation is stored in Y1. Residuals are calculated and stored automatically in the list name RESID. 27. Press s. The regression line and the scatter plot are displayed. Chapter 12: Statistics 182 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 190
screen. Note: You can also use the YVARS (t a) shortcut menu to select Y1. 32. Press £ 20 ¤ to enter a string length of 20 cm. Press Í to calculate the predicted time of about 0.92 seconds. Based on the residual analysis, we would expect the prediction of about 0.92 seconds to be within about - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 191
edit using the stat list editor. The TI-84 Plus has six list variables in memory, L1 through L6, to which you can store data for statistical calculations . 3. Calculate the statistical variables or fit a model to the data. 4. Graph the regression equation for the plotted data. 5. Graph the residuals - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 192
The top line displays list names. L1 through L6 are stored in columns 1 through 6 after a memory reset. The number of the current column is displayed in the top-right corner. The bottom line is the entry line. All data entry occurs on this line. The characteristics of this line change according to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 193
To begin entering, scrolling, or editing list elements, press †. The rectangular cursor is displayed. Note: If the list name you entered in step 2 already was stored in another stat list editor - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 194
then press { one by one. • On the home screen or in the program editor, enter 0!dim(listname) to set the dimension of listname to 0 (Chapter 11). • When you enter the first character, the current value is cleared automatically. 3. Edit the element in the entry line. • Press one or more keys to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 195
entry line, then a formula is already attached to the list name. To edit the formula, press Í, and then edit the formula. 4. Press ƒ ããä, enter the formula, and press ƒ ããä. Note: If you do not use quotation marks, the TI-84 Plus calculates and displays the same initial list of answers, but does not - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 196
5. Press Í. The TI-84 Plus calculates each list element and stores it to the list name Stat List Editor When Formula-Generated Lists Are Displayed When you edit an element of a list referenced in an attached formula, the TI-84 Plus updates the corresponding element in the list to which the formula - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 197
above, one way to detach a formula from a list name is to edit an element of the list to which the formula is attached. The TI-84 Plus protects against inadvertently detaching the formula from the list name by editing an element of the formula-generated list. Because of the protection feature, you - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 198
elements context • Enter-name context The stat list editor is first displayed in view-elements context. To switch through the four contexts, select 1:Edit from the STAT EDIT menu and follow these steps. 1. Press } to move the cursor onto a list name and switch to view-names context. Press ~ and | to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 199
all elements in the list are displayed. An ellipsis indicates that list elements continue beyond the screen. You can press ~ and | to edit any element in the list. Note: In edit-elements context, you can attach a formula to a list name only if you switched to it from view-names context. Chapter 12 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 200
entering a list name, press '. The stat list editor switches to view-names context. STAT EDIT Menu STAT EDIT Menu To display the STAT EDIT menu, press .... EDIT CALC TESTS 1: Edit... 2: SortA( 3: SortD( 4: ClrList 5: SetUpEditor Displays the stat list editor. Sorts a list in ascending order - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 201
SortA(, SortD( SortA( (sort ascending) sorts list elements from low to high values. SortD( (sort descending) sorts list elements from high to low values. Complex lists are sorted based on magnitude (modulus). SortA( and SortD( each can sort in either of two ways. • With one listname, SortA( and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 202
SetUpEditor removes all list names from the stat list editor and then stores listnames in the stat list editor columns in the specified order, beginning in column 1. MathPrint™ Classic If you enter a listname that is not stored in memory already, then listname is created and stored in memory; it - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 203
MathPrint™ MathPrint™ MathPrint™ Classic Classic Regardless of whether you specify a Y= variable for regequ, the regression equation always is stored to the TI-84 Plus variable RegEQ, which is item 1 on the VARS Statistics EQ secondary menu. Note: For the regression equation, you can use the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 204
of a regression model when you execute it. However, you can set the diagnostics display mode by executing the DiagnosticOn or DiagnosticOff instruction. Each instruction is in the CATALOG (Chapter 15). • To turn diagnostics on or off from the mode screen, select On or Off for StatDiagnostics - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 205
~. EDIT CALC TESTS 1: 1-Var Stats Calculates 1-variable statistics. 2: 2-Var Stats Calculates 2-variable statistics. 3: Med-Med Calculates a median model to data. C: SinReg Fits a sinusoidal model to data. D: Manual Linear Fit Fits a linear equation interactively to a scatter plot. For - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 206
-Var Stats wizard opens. Enter the values in the wizard. Scroll down to Calculate and press Í. Note: FreqList is an optional argument. 3. The STAT CALC results , if L1={15,12,9,14} and ÙFREQ={1,4,1,3}, then the TI-84 Plus interprets the instruction 1-Var Stats L1, ÙFREQ to mean that 15 occurs once - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 207
] Med-Med (ax+b) Med-Med (median-median) fits the model equation y=ax+b to the data using the median-median line (resistant line) technique, calculating the summary points x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, and y3. Med-Med displays values for a (slope) and b (y-intercept). Med-Med [Xlistname,Ylistname,freqlist - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 208
LinReg (ax+b) LinReg(ax+b) (linear regression) fits the model equation y=ax+b to the data using a least-squares fit. It displays values for a (slope) and b (y-intercept); when DiagnosticOn is set, it also displays values for r2 and r. LinReg(ax+b) [Xlistname,Ylistname,freqlist,regequ] QuadReg (ax2+ - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 209
QuartReg-(ax4+bx3+cx2+ dx+e) QuartReg (quartic regression) fits the fourth-degree polynomial y=ax4+bx3+cx2+dx+e to the data. It displays values for a, b, c, d, and e; when DiagnosticOn is set, it also displays a value for R2. For five points, the equation is a polynomial fit; for six or more, it is - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 210
ExpReg [Xlistname,Ylistname,freqlist,regequ] PwrReg-(axb) PwrReg (power regression) fits the model equation y=axb to the data using a least-squares fit and transformed values ln(x) and ln(y). It displays values for a and b; when DiagnosticOn is set, it also displays values for r2 and r. PwrReg [ - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 211
SinReg [iterations,Xlistname,Ylistname,period,regequ] iterations is the maximum number of times the algorithm will iterate to find a solution. The value for iterations can be an integer , 1 and 16; if not specified, the default is 3. The algorithm may find a solution before iterations is reached. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 212
is displayed. The Manual-Fit Line equation displays edit can include insert, delete, type over, or mathematical expression. The screen dynamically displays the revised parameter value. Press Í to complete the modification of the selected parameter, save the value, and refresh the displayed graph - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 213
the symbolic expression Y=mX+B, and refreshes the graph with the updated Manual-Fit Line. Select y 5 to finish the Manual Fit function. The calculator stores the current mX+b expression into Y1 and makes that function active for graphing. You can also select Manual-Fit while on the Home screen. You - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 214
can enter statistical data into lists directly within the program (Chapter 11). Statistical Calculations To perform a statistical calculation from a program, follow these steps. 1. On a blank line in the program editor, select the type of calculation from the STAT CALC menu. 2. Enter the names of - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 215
functions as appropriate. 3. Define the stat plot. 4. Turn on the plots you want to display. 5. Define the viewing window. 6. Display and explore the graph. Scatter Scatter (")plots plot the data points from Xlist and Ylist as coordinate pairs, showing each point as a box ( › ), cross ( + ), or dot - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 216
Histogram Histogram (Ò) plots one-variable data. The Xscl window variable value determines the width of each bar, beginning at Xmin. ZoomStat adjusts Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, and Ymax to include all values, and also adjusts Xscl. The inequality (Xmax N Xmin) à Xscl 47 must be true. A value that occurs on - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 217
name in the Data List field. Select X or Y for the Data Axis setting. • If you select X, the TI-84 Plus plots the data on the x-axis and the z-values on the y-axis. • If you select Y, the TI-84 Plus plots the data on the y-axis and the z-values on the x-axis. Defining the Plots To define - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 218
3. Press Í to select On if you want to plot the statistical data immediately. The definition is stored whether you select On or Off. 4. Select the type of plot. Each type prompts for the options checked in this table. Plot Type " Scatter Ó xyLine Ò Histogram Õ ModBoxplot Ö Boxplot Ô NormProbPlot - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 219
in the top-left corner. Statistical Plotting in a Program Defining a Stat Plot in a Program To display a stat plot from a program, define the plot, and then display the graph. To define a stat plot from a program, begin on a blank line in the program editor and enter data into one or more lists - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 220
1. Press y , to display the STAT PLOTS menu. 2. Select the plot to define, which pastes Plot1(, Plot2(, or Plot3( to the cursor location. 3. Press y , ~ to display the STAT TYPE menu. 4. Select the type of plot, which pastes the name of the plot type to the cursor location. 5. Press ¢. Enter the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 221
Displaying a Stat Plot from a Program To display a plot from a program, use the DispGraph instruction (Chapter 16) or any of the ZOOM instructions (Chapter 3). Chapter 12: Statistics 214 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 222
Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions Getting Started: Mean Height of a Population Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Suppose you want to estimate the mean height of a population of women given the random sample below. Because heights among a - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 223
population mean m of women's heights, increase the sample size to 90. Use a sample mean v of 163.8 and sample standard deviation Sx of 7.1 calculated from the larger random sample. This time, use the Stats (summary statistics) input option. 1. Press ... | 8 to display the inferential stat editor for - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 224
is m, and 6.35 is s). 6. Press Í to paste the function and Í again to calculate the result. The result is displayed on the home screen; it shows that five percent of the women are taller than 175.5 centimeters. Now graph and shade the top 5 percent of the population. 7. Press p - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 225
The editors vary according to each test or interval's input requirements. Below is the inferential stat editor for T-Test. Note: When you select the ANOVA( instruction, it is pasted to the home screen. ANOVA( does not have an editor screen. Using an Inferential Stat Editor To use an inferential stat - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 226
execute the instruction. • When you select Calculate, the results are displayed on the home screen. • When you select Draw, the results are displayed in a graph. This tables. When you enter values in any inferential stat editor, the TI-84 Plus stores them in memory so that you can run many tests or - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 227
The window variables are adjusted automatically to fit the graph. To select Calculate or Draw, move the cursor to either Calculate or Draw, and then press Í. The instruction is immediately executed. Selecting Calculate for a Confidence Interval After you have entered all arguments in an inferential - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 228
inferential stat editor is displayed. Most STAT TESTS instructions store some output variables to memory. For a list of these variables, see the Test and Interval Output Variables table. EDIT CALC TESTS 1: Z-Test... 2: T-Test... 3: 2-SampZTest... 4: 2-SampTTest... 5: 1-PropZTest... 6: 2-PropZTest - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 229
with the example results. • Descriptions of instructions that offer the Calculate/Draw output choice show both types of screens: calculated and graphic results. • Descriptions of instructions that offer only the Calculate output choice show the calculated results on the home screen. Chapter 13 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 230
below. • Ha: mƒm0 (m:ƒm0) • Ha: mm0) In the example: L1={299.4, 297.7, 301, 298.9, 300.2, 297} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: Drawn results: Note: All STAT TESTS examples assume a fixed-decimal mode setting of 4 (Chapter 1). If you set the decimal mode to Float - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 231
the alternatives below. • Ha: mƒm0 (m:ƒm0) • Ha: mm0) In the example: TEST={91.9, 97.8, 111.4, 122.3, 105.4, 95} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 224 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 232
(m1:m2 (m1:>m2) In the example: LISTA={154, 109, 137, 115, 140} LISTB={108, 115, 126, 92, 146} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 225 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 233
example: SAMP1={12.207, 16.869, 25.05, 22.429, 8.456, 10.589} SAMP2={11.074, 9.686, 12.064, 9.351, 8.182, 6.642} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 226 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 234
H0: prop=p0 against one of the alternatives below. • Ha: propƒp0 (prop:ƒp0) • Ha: propp0) Input: Calculated results: Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 227 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 235
pooled sample proportion Ç) against one of the alternatives below. • Ha: p1ƒp2 (p1:ƒp2) • Ha: p1p2) Input: Calculated results: Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 228 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 236
depends on the user-specified confidence level. In the example: L1={299.4, 297.7, 301, 298.9, 300.2, 297} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: TInterval TInterval (one-sample t confidence interval; item 8) computes a confidence interval for an unknown population mean m when the population - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 237
Data Calculated results: Stats 2-SampZInt 2-SampZInt (two-sample z confidence interval; item 9) computes a confidence interval for the ={154, 109, 137, 115, 140} LISTD={108, 115, 126, 92, 146} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 230 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 238
example: SAMP1={12.207, 16.869, 25.05, 22.429, 8.456, 10.589} SAMP2={11.074, 9.686, 12.064, 9.351, 8.182, 6.642} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 231 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 239
x and the count of observations in the sample n. The computed confidence interval depends on the userspecified confidence level. Input: Calculated results: 2-PropZInt 2-PropZInt (two-proportion z confidence interval; item B) computes a confidence interval for the difference between the proportion of - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 240
to which you want the computed expected counts to be stored; default=[B]. Matrix editor: Note: Press y ú ~ ~ 1 to select 1:[A] from the MATRX EDIT menu. Input: Calculated results: Note: Press y to display matrix [B]. Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 233 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 241
input screen: Note: Press ... ~ ~ to select TESTS. Press † several times to select D:X2GOF-Test... Press Í. To enter data for df (degree of freedom), press Type 4. Calculated results: Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 234 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 242
:>s2) In the example: SAMP4={7,L4, 18, 17, L3, L5, 1, 10, 11, L2} SAMP5={L1, 12, L1, L3, 3, L5, 5, 2, L11, L1, L3} Data Input: Stats Calculated results: Drawn results: Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 235 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 243
you enter a Y= variable name at the RegEQ: prompt, the calculated regression equation is automatically stored to the specified Y= equation. In the L3={38, 56, 59, 64, 74} L4={41, 63, 70, 72, 84} Input: Calculated results: When LinRegTTest is executed, the list of residuals is created and stored to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 244
input screen: Note: Press ... ~ ~ to select TESTS. Press † several times to select G:LinRegTint... Press Í. Press † several times to select Calculate. Press Í. Calculated results: Xlist, Ylist is the list of independent and dependent variables. The list containing the Freq (frequency) values for - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 245
=...=mk is tested against the alternative Ha: not all m1...mk are equal. ANOVA(list1,list2[,...,list20]) In the example: L1={7 4 6 6 5} L2={6 5 5 8 7} L3={4 7 6 7 6} Input: Calculated results: Note: SS is sum of squares and MS is mean square. Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions 238 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 246
output to generate for tests and intervals. Calculate displays the output on the home screen. In tests, Draw draws a graph of the results. v, Sx, n for 2-SampTTest and 2-SampTInt. No instructs the TI-84 Plus not to pool the variances. Yes instructs the TI-84 Plus to pool the variances. p0 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 247
the 2-PropZTest and 2-PropZInt. Must be an integer > 0. The confidence level for the interval instructions. Must be , 0 and < 100. If it is , 1, it is assumed to same. The prompt for the name of the Y= variable where the calculated regression equation is to be stored. If a Y= variable is specified - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 248
Variables estimated sample proportion estimated sample proportion for population 1 estimated sample proportion for population 2 confidence interval pair mean of x values sample standard deviation of x number of data points standard error about the line regression/fit coefficients correlation - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 249
DISTR DRAW A: binompdf( B: binomcdf( C: poissonpdf( D: poissoncdf( E: geometpdf( F: geometcdf( Binomial probability Binomial cumulative density Poisson probability Poisson cumulative density Geometric probability Geometric cumulative density Note: L1â99 and 1â99 specify infinity. If you want to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 250
the inverse cumulative normal distribution function for a given area under the normal distribution curve specified by mean m and standard deviation s. It calculates the x value associated with an area to the left of the x value. 0 area 1 must be true. The defaults are m=0 and s=1. invNorm - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 251
tpdf(x,df) Note: For this example, Xmin = L4.5 Xmax = 4.5 Ymin = 0 Ymax = .4 tcdf( tcdf( computes the Student-t distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified df (degrees of freedom), which must be > 0. tcdf(lowerbound,upperbound,df) c2pdf( c2pdf( computes the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 252
c2pdf(x,df) Note: For this example, Xmin = 0 Xmax = 30 Ymin = L.02 Ymax = .132 c2cdf( c2cdf( computes the c2 (chi-square) distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified df (degrees of freedom), which must be an integer > 0. c2cdf(lowerbound,upperbound,df) Fpdf( Üpdf( - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 253
Üpdf(x,numerator df,denominator df) Note: For this example, Xmin = 0 Xmax = 5 Ymin = 0 Ymax = 1 Fcdf( Ücdf( computes the Ü distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified numerator df (degrees of freedom) and denominator df. numerator df and denominator df must be - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 254
binomcdf( binomcdf( computes a cumulative probability at x for the discrete binomial distribution with the specified numtrials and probability of success (p) on each trial. x can be a real number or a list of real numbers. 0p1 must be true. numtrials must be an integer > 0. If you do not specify - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 255
a list of real numbers. geometcdf(p,x) MathPrint™ Classic Distribution Shading DISTR DRAW Menu To display the DISTR DRAW menu, press y = ~. DISTR DRAW instructions draw various types of density functions, shade the area specified by lowerbound and upperbound, and display the computed area value - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 256
Note: Before you execute a DISTR DRAW instruction, you must set the window variables so that the desired distribution fits the screen. DISTR DRAW 1: ShadeNorm( 2: Shade_t( 3: Shadec2( 4: ShadeÜ( Shades normal distribution. Shades Student-t - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 257
Shadec2( Shadec2( draws the density function for the c2 (chi-square) distribution specified by df (degrees of freedom) and shades the area between lowerbound and upperbound. Shadec2(lowerbound,upperbound,df) Classic Note: For this example, Xmin = 0 Xmax = 35 Ymin = L.025 Ymax = .1 ShadeF( Shade - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 258
can download additional TI-84 Plus software applications from education.ti.com that allow you to customize your calculator's functionality even further. The calculator reserves 1.54 M of space within ROM memory specifically for applications. Guidebooks for applications are on the Texas Instruments - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 259
? 1. Press z to set the fixed-decimal mode setting to 2. 2. Press Œ Í to select 1:Finance from the APPLICATIONS menu. 3. Press Í to select 1:TVM Solver from the CALC VARS menu. The TVM Solver is displayed. 4. Enter the data: N (number of payments)= 48 I% (interest rate)=5 PV (present value)=9000 FV - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 260
there are no payments when you solve compound interest problems, PMT must be set to 0 and P/Y must be set to 1. 1. Press Œ Í to select 1:Finance from the APPLICATIONS menu. 2. Press Í to select 1:TVM Solver from the CALC VARS menu. The TVM Solver is displayed. 3. Enter the data: N=7 PV=M1250 PMT - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 261
The TI-84 Plus follows this convention when computing and displaying answers. FINANCE CALC Menu To display the FINANCE CALC menu, press ÎŒ Í. CALC VARS 1: TVM Solver... Displays the TVM Solver. Computes the future value. 7: npv( Computes the net present value. Chapter 14: Applications 254 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 262
stored to the TVM variables. Note: To store a value to a TVM variable, use the TVM Solver or use ¿ and any TVM variable on the FINANCE VARS menu. If you enter less than six arguments, the TI-84 Plus substitutes a previously stored TVM variable value for each unspecified argument. If you enter any - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 263
the values are stored to the TVM variables in the TVM Solver. The payment (tvm_Pmt) is computed on the home screen using the values in the TVM Solver. Next, the interest rate is changed to 9.5 to illustrate Classic tvm_N tvm_Ú computes the number of payment periods. Chapter 14: Applications 256 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 264
MathPrint™ Classic tvm_FV tvm_FV computes the future value. tvm_FV[(Ú,¾æ,PV,PMT,P/Y,C/Y)] MathPrint™ Classic Calculating Cash Flows Calculating a Cash Flow Use the cash flow functions (menu items 7 and 8) to cash flow in lists. 2000 2000 2000 4000 4000 -3000 Chapter 14: Applications 257 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 265
which you want to calculate a balance. It must be a positive integer < 10,000. roundvalue specifies the internal precision the calculator uses to calculate the balance; if you do not specify roundvalue, then the TI-84 Plus uses the current Float/Fix decimalmode setting. Chapter 14: Applications 258 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 266
the range. pmt1 and pmt2 must be positive integers < 10,000. roundvalue specifies the internal precision the calculator uses to calculate the principal; if you do not specify roundvalue, the TI-84 Plus uses the current Float/Fix decimal-mode setting. Note: You must enter values for æ, PV, PMT, and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 267
125000 Yscl=10000 7. Press r to draw the graph and activate the trace cursor. Press ~ and | to explore the graph of the outstanding balance over time. Press a z and select G-T split-screen mode, so that the graph and table are displayed simultaneously. Press r to display X1T (time) and Y1T - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 268
Finding Days between Dates/Defining Payment Method dbd( Use the date function dbd( (menu item D) to calculate the number of days between two dates using the actual-day-count method. date1 and date2 can be numbers two formats. • MM.DDYY (United States) • DDMM.YY (Europe) Chapter 14: Applications 261 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 269
at the beginning of each payment period. Most leases are in this category. Pmt_Bgn On the TVM Solver's PMT:END BEGIN line, select BEGIN to set PMT to annuity due. Using the TVM Variables Payment amount 5: FV Future value 6: P/Y Number of payment periods per year Chapter 14: Applications 262 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 270
have stored a value to P/Y. The EasyData™ Application The Vernier EasyData™ application by Vernier Software & Technology allows you to view and analyze real-world data when the TI-84 Plus is connected to data collection devices such as Texas Instruments CBR 2é, CBL 2é, Vernier LabProê, Vernier USB - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 271
the main screen in the EasyData™ App, choose Setup and select 2: Time Graph. The current settings are displayed on the calculator. Note: If using a motion the EasyData™ App while a data collection device is connected to the TI-84 Plus, choose File and select 1:New. Chapter 14: Applications 264 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 272
to the TI-84 Plus and stored in lists L1 through L4 when data collection is complete. When you exit the EasyData™ App, a prompt reminds you of the lists in which time, distance, velocity, and acceleration are stored. This manual describes basic operation for the EasyData 2 application. For more - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 273
alphabetical list of all functions and instructions on the TI-84 Plus. You also can access each CATALOG item from a menu or the keyboard, except: • The six string functions • The six hyperbolic functions • The solve( instruction without the equation solver editor (Chapter 2) • The inferential stat - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 274
. On the TI-84 Plus, a string has two primary applications. • It defines text to be displayed in a program. • It accepts input from the keyboard in a program. Characters are the units that you combine to form a string. • Each number, letter, and space counts as one character. • Each instruction or - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 275
do not count as string characters. Storing Strings to String Variables String Variables The TI-84 Plus has 10 variables to which you can store strings. You can use string variables with string functions and instructions. To display the VARS STRING menu, follow these steps. 1. Press to display the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 276
from the VARS STRING menu, and then press Í. The string is displayed. String Functions and Instructions in the CATALOG Displaying String Functions and Instructions in the CATALOG String functions and instructions are available only from the CATALOG. The table below lists the string functions and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 277
+string2+string3... 4. Press Í to display the strings as a single string. Selecting a String Function from the CATALOG To select a string function or instruction and paste it to the current screen, follow the steps for selecting an item from the CATALOG. Equ4String( Equ4String( converts an equation - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 278
of string, inString( returns 0. length( length( returns the number of characters in string. string can be a string or string variable. Note: An instruction or function name, such as sin( or cos(, counts as one character. length(string) String4Equ( String4Equ( converts string into an equation and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 279
characters in the subset. sub(string,begin,length) Entering a Function to Graph during Program Execution In a program, you can enter a function to graph during program execution using these commands. Note: When you execute this program, enter a function to store to Y3 at the ENTRY= prompt. Chapter - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 280
Hyperbolic Functions in the CATALOG Hyperbolic Functions The hyperbolic functions are available only from the CATALOG. The table below lists the hyperbolic functions in the order in which they appear among the other CATALOG menu items. The ellipses in the table indicate the presence of additional - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 281
sinh-1(value) cosh-1(value) tanh-1(value) Chapter 15: CATALOG, Strings, Hyperbolic Functions 274 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 282
program is a set of commands that the TI-84 Plus executes sequentially, as if you had entered them from the keyboard. Create a program V O L U M E O I S V Í to set up the program to display the text VOLUME IS on one line and the calculated value of V on the next. 6. Press y 5 to display the home - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 283
instructions. When you execute a program, the TI-84 Plus performs each instruction on each command line in the same order in which you entered them. The number and size of programs that the TI-84 Plus Run the Catalog Help application for more syntax help when programming. Chapter 16: Programming 276 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 284
to display the PRGM editor. The TI-84 Plus expresses memory quantities in bytes. You can increase available memory in one of two ways. You can delete one or more programs or you can archive some programs. To increase available memory by deleting a specific program: 1. Press y L and then select 2:Mem - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 285
will disappear. Note: Archive programs cannot be edited or executed. In order to edit or execute an archived program, you must first unarchive it. Entering Command Lines and Executing Programs Entering a Program Command Line You can enter on a command line any instruction or expression that you - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 286
execution. Last Entry is not updated as each command is executed (Chapter 1). The TI-84 Plus checks for errors during program execution. It does not check for errors as you enter a program. Breaking a Program To stop program execution, press É. The ERR:BREAK menu is displayed. • To return to the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 287
groups of instructions that you use frequently. • You can rename a program by copying its contents into a new program. Note: You also can copy all the command lines from one existing program to another existing program using RCL. Scrolling the PRGM EXEC and PRGM EDIT Menus The TI-84 Plus sorts PRGM - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 288
to the cursor location on a command line in the program. To return to the program editor without selecting an item, press '. Controlling Program Flow Program control instructions tell the TI-84 Plus which command to execute next in a program. If, While, and Repeat check a defined condition to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 289
command immediately following If is skipped. If condition is true (nonzero), then the next command is executed. If instructions can be nested. :If condition :command (if true) :command Program Output If-Then Then following an If executes a group of commands if condition is true (nonzero). End - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 290
when While is encountered. If condition is true (nonzero), the program executes a group of commands. End signifies the end of the group. When condition is false (zero), the program executes each command following End. While instructions can be nested. :While condition :command (while condition is - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 291
For(, While, or Repeat loop. Also, you must paste an End instruction at the end of each If-Then group and each If-Then-Else group. Pause Pause suspends execution of the program so that you can see answers or graphs. During the pause, the pause indicator is on in the top-right - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 292
together for branching. Lbl specifies the label for a command. label can be one or two characters (A through Z, 0 through 99, or q). Lbl label Goto causes the program to branch to label when Goto is encountered. Goto label Program Output Chapter 16 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 293
executed. variable cannot be a system variable. :IS>(variable,value) :command (if answer value) :command (if answer > value) Program Output Note: IS>( is not a looping instruction. DS - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 294
name when using RCL. You must paste the name from the PRGM EXEC menu. Return Return quits the subroutine and returns execution to the calling program, even if encountered within nested loops. Any loops are ended. An implied Return exists at the end of any - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 295
function name in the current graphing mode. graphstyle is a number from 1 to 7 that corresponds to the graph style, as shown below. TI-84 Plus. A: Get( Gets a variable from CBL 2™ or CBR™. B: Send( Sends a variable to CBL 2 or CBR. These instructions control input to and output from a program - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 296
Input Input without a variable displays the current graph. You can move the free-moving cursor, which updates X and Y (and R and q for PolarGC format). The pause indicator is on. Press Í to resume program execution. Input Program Output Storing a Variable Value with Input Input with variable - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 297
. Displaying the Home Screen Disp (display) without a value displays the home screen. To view the home screen during program execution, follow the Disp instruction with a Pause instruction. Disp Displaying Values and Messages Disp with one or more values displays the value of each. Disp [valueA - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 298
, but the matrix or list cannot be scrolled. To scroll, use Pause value. DispGraph DispGraph (display graph) displays the current graph. If Pause is encountered after DispGraph, the program halts temporarily so you can examine the screen. Press Í to resume execution. DispTable DispTable (display - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 299
in the table during program execution. GetCalc( GetCalc( gets the contents of variable on another TI-84 Plus and stores it to variable on the receiving TI-84 Plus. variable can be a real or complex number, list element, list name, matrix element, matrix name, string, Y= variable, graph database, or - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 300
calculators. Get(, Send( Get( gets data from the CBL 2™ or CBR™ and stores it to variable on the receiving TI-84 Plus. variable can be a real number, list element, list name, matrix element, matrix name, string, Y= variable, graph database, or picture. Get(variable) Note: If you transfer a program - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 301
has error(s), it may cause your calculator to reset and lose all data, programs, and applications stored in memory. When you download an assembly language program, it is stored among the other programs as a PRGM menu item. You can: • Transmit it using the TI-84 Plus communication link (Chapter 19 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 302
below from the CATALOG to identify and compile the program. Instructions AsmComp(prgmASM1, prgmASM2) AsmPrgm Comments Compiles an assembly language program written in ASCII and stores the hex version Identifies an assembly language program; must be entered as the first line of an assembly - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 303
Equation Solver application to solve these types of problems with a quick set-up. This application comes preloaded on your TI-84 Plus and can be downloaded from education.ti.com. Use the quadratic formula to solve the quadratic equations 2x2 N 11x + 14 = 0 and 2x2 N 6x + 5 = 0. Graphing the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 304
a Calculation Begin with the equation 2x2 N 11x + 14 = 0. 1. Press 2 ¿ ƒ A to store the coefficient of the x2 term. 2. Press ƒ [:]. The colon allows you to enter more than one instruction on a line. 3. Press Ì 11 ¿ ƒ B to store the coefficient of the X term. Press ƒ [:] to enter a new instruction on - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 305
and then edit it for a new calculation. 3. edit the quadratic-formula expression to become . 5. Press Í to find the other solution for the quadratic equation 2x2 N 11x + 14 = 0. Displaying Complex Results Now solve the equation 2x2 N 6x + 5 = 0. When you set a+bi complex number mode, the TI-84 Plus - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 306
entry line. 7. Press | until the cursor is on the + sign in the formula. Press ¹ to edit the quadratic-formula expression to become . 8. Press Í to find the other solution for the quadratic equation: 2x2 maximum volume V? Use the table and graphs to determine the solution. Chapter 17: Activities 299 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 307
that Y1 is selected. Defining a Table of Values The table feature of the TI-84 Plus displays numeric information about a function. You can use a table of values from the function you just defined to estimate an answer to the problem. 1. Press y - to display the TABLE SETUP menu. 2. Press Í to accept - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 308
5. Press and hold † to scroll the table until a negative result for Y1 is displayed. Notice that the maximum length of X for this problem occurs where the sign of Y1 (box's volume) changes from positive to negative, between 10 and 11. 6. Press y -. Notice that TblStart has changed to 5 to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 309
use the graphing features of the TI-84 Plus to find the maximum value of a previously defined function. When the graph is activated, an expression. Note: For this example, the division sign is used for the calculation. However, you can use n/d entry format where fraction output can be experienced, - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 310
Press 0 Í 500 Í 100 Í 1 Í to define the remaining window variables. Displaying and Tracing the Graph Now that you have defined the function to be graphed and the window in which to graph it, you can display and explore the graph. You can trace along a function using the TRACE feature. 1. Press s to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 311
pixel values. Zooming In on the Graph To help identify maximums, minimums, roots, and intersections of functions, you can magnify the viewing window at a specific location using the ZOOM instructions. 1. Press q to display the ZOOM menu. This menu is a typical TI-84 Plus menu. To select an item, you - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 312
between the left and right bounds. With this information, the maximum can be calculated by the methods programmed in the TI-84 Plus. 1. Press y / to display the CALCULATE menu. Press 4 to select 4:maximum. The graph is displayed again with a Left Bound? prompt. 2. Press | to trace along the curve - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 313
Plots Problem An hands, which are controlled by the left side of their brains. The TI Graphics team conducted a similar test for adult men and women. The (See Chapter 11: Lists for detailed instructions for using the SetUpEditor.) 2. Press ... 1 to select 1:Edit. 3. Enter into WLEFT the number of - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 314
5. Press y ,. Select 1:Plot1. Turn on plot 1; define it as a modified box plot Õ that uses Xlist as WLEFT. Move the cursor to the top line and select Plot2. Turn on plot 2; define it as a modified box plot that uses Xlist as WRGHT. (See Chapter 12: Statistics for detailed information on using Stat - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 315
Graphing Piecewise Functions Problem The fine for speeding on a road with a speed limit of 45 kilometers per hour (kph) is 50; plus 5 for each kph from 46 to 55 kph; plus 10 for each kph from 56 to 65 kph; plus 20 for each kph from 66 kph and above. Graph the piecewise function that describes the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 316
to plot the function. At what speed does the ticket exceed 250? Graphing Inequalities Problem Graph the inequality 0.4x3 N 3x + 5 < 0.2x + 4. Use graphing inequalities using the Inequality Graphing application. The application is pre-loaded on your TI-84 Plus and can be downloaded from education.ti - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 317
where Y4 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 318
drawing to a picture. To begin, press ~ ~ 1. Name the program SIERPINS, and then press Í. The program editor is displayed. Note: After you run this program, press y to turn on the axes in the graph screen. Program PROGRAM:SIERPINS :FnOff :ClrDraw :PlotsOff :AxesOff :0!Xmin:1!Xmax :0!Ymin:1!Ymax - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 319
If/Then group. Draw point. End of For group. Store picture. After you execute the program above, you can recall and display the picture with the instruction RecallPic 6. Graphing Cobweb Attractors Problem Using Web format, you can identify points with attracting and repelling behavior in sequence - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 320
coefficients between 1 and 10. Try to guess the coefficients and graph your guess as C sin(DX). The program continues until your guess is correct. Note: This program changes the graph window and graph styles. After you run the program, you can change individual settings as needed or you can press - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 321
and D=B :Stop :Goto Z Quit if guesses are correct. Note: The Guess My Coefficients App is an educational game that challenges you to enter the correct coeffiecients for graphs of linear, quadratic and absolute value functions. This app is available at education.ti.com. Chapter 17: Activities 314 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 322
Circle and Trigonometric Curves Problem Using parametric graphing mode, graph the unit circle and the sine expressions to define the sine curve. 5. Press r. As the graph is plotting, you may press Í to pause and Í again to resume graphing as you watch the sine function "unwrap" from the unit - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 323
• You can graph the functions again by turning the functions off and then turning them back on on the Y= editor or by using the FuncOFF and FuncON commands on the home screen. Finding the Area between Curves Problem Find the area of the region bounded by: f(x) = 300x / (x2 + 625) g(x) = 3cos(.1x) - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 324
Using Parametric Equations: Ferris Wheel Problem Problem Using two pairs of parametric equations, determine when two path of the ferris wheel and the path of the ball. Set the graph style for X2T to ë (path). Note: Try setting the graph styles to ë X1T and ì X2T, which simulates a chair on the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 325
of the ferris wheel. 5. Press p. Change the viewing window to concentrate on this portion of the graph. Tmin=1 Tmax=3 Tstep=.03 Xmin=0 Xmax=23.5 Xscl=10 Ymin=10 Ymax=25.5 Yscl=10 6. Press r. After the graph is plotted, press ~ to move near the point on the ferris wheel where the paths cross - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 326
Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Problem 1 Using the functions fnInt( and nDeriv( from the FUNC shortcut menu or the MATH menu to graph functions defined by integrals and derivatives demonstrates graphically that: and that Procedure 1 1. Press z. Select the default settings. 2. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 327
Again, use the cursor keys to compare the values of the two graphed functions, Y3 and Y4. Problem 2 Explore the functions defined by y = x ∫ t2dt, ∫ . 2. Press q 6 to select 6:ZStandard. The graphs are displayed as each calculation of the integral and derivative occurs at the pixel point - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 328
5. Press r. Notice that although the three graphs defined by Y5 are different, they share the same derivative. Computing Areas of Regular N-Sided Polygons Problem Use the equation solver to store a formula for the area of a regular N-sided polygon, and then solve for each variable, given the other - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 329
then press ƒ \. Find A for N=10, then N=100, then N=150, then N=1000, and finally N=10000. Notice that as N gets large, the area A approaches pB2. Now graph the equation to see visually how the area changes as the number of sides gets large. 8. Press z. Select the default mode settings. Chapter 17 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 330
r as the distance from the center to a vertex, approaches the area of a circle with radius r (pr2) as N gets large. Computing and Graphing Mortgage Payments Problem You are a loan officer at a mortgage company, and you recently closed on a 30-year home mortgage at 8 percent interest with monthly - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 331
Solver. Enter these values. Note: Enter a positive number (800) to show PMT as a cash inflow. Payment values will be displayed as positive numbers on the graph. these equations and set the graph styles as shown. Note: GPrn( and GInt( are located on the FINANCE menu (APPS 1:FINANCE). 6. Press p. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 332
payments (Y3T=Y1T+Y2T) is always 800. 8. Press † to move the cursor onto the function for interest defined by X2T and Y2T. Enter 240. The graph shows that for the 240th payment (X=240), 441.97 of the 800 payment is interest (Y=441.97). 9. Press y 5 Œ Í 9 to paste 9:bal( to the home screen - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 333
, and data. The available Archive lets you store programs, Apps, groups, and other variables. The App slots are actually individual sectors of Flash ROM where Apps are stored. Graphing calculator TI-84 Plus TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Available RAM 24 Kilobytes 24 Kilobytes Available Archive 491 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 334
the TI-84 Plus Operating System (OS) Version, Product Number, Product Identification (ID), and Flash Application (App) Certificate Revision Number. To display the About screen, press y L and then select 1:About. Displays the type of graphing calculator. Displays the OS version. As new software - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 335
which are stored in Flash ROM. AppVars is a variable holder used to store variables created by Apps. You cannot edit or change variables in AppVars unless you do so through the application which created them. To leave the MEMORY MANAGEMENT/DELETE menu, press either y 5 or '. Both options display - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 336
variable (real or complex number, list, matrix, Y= variable, program, Apps, AppVars, picture, graph database, or string), follow these steps. 1. Press y L L to display the MEMORY menu. 2. Select 3:Clear Entries to paste the instruction to the home screen. 3. Press Í to clear the ENTRY storage area. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 337
instruction is pasted to the program editor. The lists are cleared when the program is executed. Archiving and UnArchiving Variables Archiving and UnArchiving Variables Archiving lets you store data, programs, or other variables to the user data archive (ARC) where they cannot be edited . Apps and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 338
Variable Type Lists Programs Functions Names Archive? (yes/no) L1, L2, Graph databases GDB1, GDB2,... yes Graph pictures Pic1, Pic2, ... , Pic9, yes Pic0 Strings Str1, Str2, . . . Str9, Str0 yes Tables TblStart, @Tbl, no TblInput Apps Applications see Note above AppVars Application - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 339
For: UnArchive Sizes must be such that: RAM free size > variable size Note: If there is not enough space, unarchive or delete variables as necessary. Be aware that when you unarchive a variable, not all the memory associated with that variable in user data archive will be released since the system - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 340
these. Be aware that if you choose to reset Vars, all data and programs in archive memory will be erased. If you choose to reset Apps, all applications in archive memory will be erased. When you reset defaults on the TI-84 Plus, all defaults in RAM are restored to the factory settings. Stored data - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 341
programs in RAM. Resetting all RAM or resetting defaults does not affect variables and applications in user data archive. Note: Before you reset all RAM memory, consider restoring sufficient available memory by deleting only selected data. To reset all RAM memory or RAM defaults on the TI-84 Plus - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 342
Resetting Archive Memory When resetting archive memory on the TI-84 Plus, you can choose to delete from user data archive all variables, all applications, or both variables and applications. To reset all or part of user data archive memory, follow these steps. 1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, press - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 343
Resetting All Memory When resetting all memory on the TI-84 Plus, RAM and user data archive memory is restored to factory settings. All nonsystem variables, applications, and programs are deleted. All system variables are reset to default settings. Before you reset all memory, consider restoring - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 344
2. Select 8:Group to display GROUP UNGROUP menu. 3. Press Í to display the GROUP menu. 4. Enter a name for the new group and press Í. Note: A group name can be one to eight characters long. The first character must be a letter from A to Z or q. The second through eighth characters can be letters, - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 345
Repeat the selection process until all variables for the new group are selected and then press ~ to display the DONE menu. 7. Press Í to complete the grouping process. Note: You can only group variables in RAM. You cannot group some system variables, such as the last-answer variable Ans and the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 346
• When you select 2:Overwrite, the unit overwrites the data of the duplicate variable name found in RAM. Ungrouping resumes. • When you select 3: Overwrite All, the unit overwrites the data of all duplicate variable names found in RAM. Ungrouping resumes. • When you select 4:Omit, the unit does not - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 347
then find and correct the errors in your program. When YES is selected, the TI-84 Plus will attempt to rearrange the archived variables to is stored in a continuous block within a single sector. Unlike an application stored in user data archive, an archived variable cannot cross a sector boundary - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 348
3 If the MEMORY Screen Shows Enough Free Space Even if the MEMORY screen shows enough free space to archive a variable or store an application, you may still get a Garbage Collect? message or an ERR: ARCHIVE FULL message. When you unarchive a variable, the Archive free amount increases immediately - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 349
Note: Power loss during garbage collection may cause all memory (RAM and Archive) to be deleted. Using the GarbageCollect Command You can reduce the number of automatic garbage collections by periodically optimizing memory. This is done by using the GarbageCollect command. To use the GarbageCollect - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 350
continuous block of memory. When the message is displayed, it will indicate the largest single space of memory available for storing a variable and an application. To resolve the problem, use the GarbageCollect command to optimize memory. If memory is still insufficient, you must delete variables or - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 351
. Create and store a variable and a matrix, and then transfer them to another TI-84 Plus. 1. On the home screen of the sending unit, press 5 Ë 5 ¿ (ä) will appear, signifying that [A] is now archived. 7. Connect the graphing calculators with the USB unit-to-unit cable. Push both ends in firmly. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 352
TI-84 Plus has a USB port to connect and communicate with another TI-84 series calculator. A USB unit-to-unit cable is included with the TI-84 Plus. The TI-84 Plus also has an I/O port using a I/O unit-to-unit cable to communicate with: • TI-83 Plus Silver Edition • TI-83 Plus • TI-83 • TI-82 • TI - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 353
a TI-84 Plus with the I/O unit-to-unit cable. With a CBL 2™ system or CBR™ system and a TI-84 Plus, you can collect and analyze real-world data. Linking to a Computer With TI Connect™ software and the USB computer cable that is included with your TI-84 Plus, you can link the graphing calculator to - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 354
variables. Displays all software applications. Displays all software application variables. Displays all grouped variables. Sends the Calculator ID number immediately. (You do not need to select SEND.) Sends operating system updates to another TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus. You can not - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 355
the message Done is displayed on both calculators. Press } and † to scroll through the names. Sending to a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus You can transfer variables (all types), programs, and Flash applications to another TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus. You can also backup the RAM - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 356
the items are sent to all additional units. Sending to a TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition You can send all variables from a TI-84 Plus to a TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition except Flash applications with new features, or programs with new features in them. If archived variables on the - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 357
the menu of the items you want to transmit. 5. Press ~ on the sending TI-84 Plus to display the LINK TRANSMIT menu. 6. Confirm that the receiving unit is set to receive. 7. Press Í on the sending TI-84 Plus to select 1:Transmit and begin transmitting. Receiving Items LINK RECEIVE Menu To display - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 358
can backup the contents of RAM memory and mode settings (no Flash applications or archived items) to another TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. You can also backup RAM memory and mode settings to a TI-84 Plus. The backup calculator must also have OS 2.55MP installed. To perform a RAM memory backup: 1. Use - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 359
error does not occur, these two conditions may prevent successful transmission. • You try to use Get( with a graphing calculator instead of a CBL 2™ system or CBR™ system. • You try to use GetCalc( with a TI-83 instead of a TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. Chapter 19: Communication Link 352 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 360
Insufficient Memory in Receiving Unit • During transmission, if the receiving unit does not have sufficient memory to receive an item, the Memory Full menu is displayed on the receiving unit. • To skip this item for the current transmission, select 1:Omit. Transmission resumes with the next item. • - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 361
listed on the right side of the table. From the CATALOG, you can paste any function or instruction to the home screen or to a command line in the program editor. However, some functions and instructions are not valid on the home screen. The items in this table appear in the same order as - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 362
Instruction/Arguments Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item augment(listA,listB) Returns a list, which is listB concatenated to the end of listA. y 9 OPS 9:augment( AUTO Answer Displays answers in a similar format as the input. z Answers: AUTO AxesOff Turns off the graph calculates results - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 363
Function or Instruction/Arguments Clear Entries ClockOff ClockOn ClrAllLists ClrDraw ClrHome ClrList listname1 drawn elements from a graph or drawing. y < DRAW 1:ClrDraw Clears the home screen. † I/O 8:ClrHome Sets to 0 the dimension of one or more listnames. ... EDIT 4:ClrList Clears all - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 364
Function or Instruction/Arguments cumSum(list) cumSum(matrix) dayOfWk(year,month, day) 4 digits; month and day can be 1 or 2 digit. y N dayOfWk( 1:Sunday 2:Monday 3:Tuesday... Calculates the number of days between date1 and date2 using the actual-day-count method. Π1:Finance CALC D:dbd( Displays - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 365
Function or Instruction/Arguments length!dim(listname) {rows,columns}! dim(matrixname) Disp 3:dim( Displays the home screen. † I/O 3:Disp Displays each value. † I/O 3:Disp Displays the graph. † I/O 4:DispGraph Displays the table. † I/O 5:DispTable Displays value in DMS format. y ; - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 366
Function or Instruction/Arguments Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item 4Eff(nominal rate, compounding periods) Computes the effective -decimal mode for # of decimal places. † z 0123456789 (select one) Float Sets floating decimal mode. † z Float Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 359 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 367
Function or Instruction/Arguments fMax(expression, variable,lower,upper [,tolerance]) fMin(expression,variable, lower, its simplest terms. MATH 1:4Frac Sets full screen mode. † z Full Sets function graphing mode. † z Func Displays the garbage collection menu to allow cleanup of y N unused - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 368
Function or Instruction/Arguments geometcdf(p,x) geometpdf(p,x) Get(variable) GetCalc( in variable. I/O A:Get( Gets contents of variable on another TI-84 Plus and stores it to variable on the receiving TI-84 Plus. By default, the TI-84 Plus uses the USB port if it is connected. If the USB cable - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 369
graphstyle for function#. Turns off grid format. Turns on grid format. Sets graph-table vertical split-screen mode. Sets horizontal split-screen mode. Draws a independent-variable values automatically. † y Indpnt: Auto Displays graph. † I/O 1:Input Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 362 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 370
Function or Instruction/Arguments Input [variable] Input ["text",variable] Input [Strn,variable] inString(string,substring [,start]) int(value) y . LabelOff Turns on axes labels. † y . LabelOn Creates a label of one or two characters. † CTL 9:Lbl Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 363 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 371
Function or Instruction/Arguments Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item lcm(valueA,valueB) Returns the least common multiple of to Xlistname and Ylistname ... with frequency freqlist, and stores the regression equation CALC to regequ. B:Logistic Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 364 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 372
Instruction/Arguments Result Manual-Fit equname Fits a linear equation to a scatter plot. Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item ... CALC D:Manual- CALC to regequ. 3:Med-Med Generates a menu of up to seven items during program execution. † CTL C:Menu( Returns smaller of valueA and valueB. NUM - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 373
Function or Instruction/Arguments min(listA,listB) min(value,list) valueA nCr valueB value nCr list MATH 8:nDeriv( Converts the results from a fraction to mixed number or from a mixed number to a fraction, if applicable. t ^ 3: 4 n/d 3 4 Un/d or NUM A: 4 n/d 3 4 Un/d Computes the nominal - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 374
Function or Instruction/Arguments not(value) valueA nPr valueB value nPr list list and column. † I/O 6:Output( Sets parametric graphing mode. † z Par Suspends program execution until you press Í. † CTL 8:Pause Displays value; suspends program execution until you press † Í. CTL 8:Pause - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 375
mode. † z Pol Displays complex value in polar format. CPX 7:4Polar Sets polar graphing coordinates format. † y . PolarGC Executes the program name. † CTRL D:prgm Computes the sum, rounded to roundvalue, of the principal Œ 1:Finance amount between pmt1 and pmt2 for an amortization - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 376
Function or Instruction/Arguments Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item Prompt variableA [,variableB,...,variable n] L1 is . drawflag=1 draws results; drawflag=0 calculates results. † ... TESTS 5:1-PropZTest( 2-PropZTest(x1,n1,x2,n2 Computes a two- - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 377
Returns the real part of a complex number or list of complex numbers. CPX 2:real( Restores all settings stored in the graph database variable y < GDBn. STO 4:RecallGDB Displays the graph and adds the picture stored in Picn. y < STO 2:RecallPic Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 370 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 378
Instruction/Arguments complex value 4Rect RectGC ref(matrix) remainder(dividend, divisor) Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item Displays complex value or list in rectangular format. CPX 6:4Rect Sets rectangular graphing Repeat Return Returns to the calling program. † CTL E:Return round( - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 379
Function or Instruction/Arguments Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item rref(matrix) Returns test. alternative=L1 is . drawflag=1 draws results; drawflag=0 calculates results. † ... TESTS E:2-SampÜTest 2-SampÜTest Sx1,n1, Sx2,n2[,alternative, drawflag] ( - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 380
Function or Instruction/Arguments is ƒ; alternative=1 is >. drawflag=1 draws results; drawflag=0 calculates results. Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item † ... specified order, EDIT starting with column 1. 5:SetUpEditor Draws lowerfunc and upperfunc in terms of X on the current y < graph and uses - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 381
Function or Instruction/Arguments Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item Shadec2(lowerbound, , and shades the area between lowerbound and upperbound. y = DRAW 2:Shade_t( Simul Sets mode to graph functions simultaneously. † z Simul sin(value) Returns the sine of a real number, expression, or - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 382
Function or Instruction/Arguments Result Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item STATWIZARD OFF Disables . MATH 7:stdDev( Stop Ends program execution; returns to home screen. † CTL F:Stop Store: value!variable Stores value in variable. ¿ StoreGDB n Stores current graph in database GDBn. y < - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 383
Function or Instruction/Arguments Text(row,column,text1, text2,...,text n) Then See If:Then Time the graph and enters TRACE mode. r Performs a t test with frequency freqlist. alternative=L1 is . drawflag=1 draws TESTS results; drawflag=0 calculates - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 384
Function or Instruction/Arguments UnArchive Un/d uvAxes uwAxes 1-Var Stats [Xlistname, freqlist] 2- Displays results as a mixed number, if applicable. NUM C: Un/d Sets sequence graphs to plot u(n) on the x-axis and v(n) † y . on the y-axis. uv Sets sequence graphs to plot u(n) on the x-axis - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 385
Function or Instruction/Arguments ZFrac 1/3 ZFrac 1/4 ZFrac 1/5 ZFrac 1/8 ZFrac 1/10 ZInteger ZInterval s[, between Xmin and Xmax, of the ZOOM selected functions and replots the functions. 0:ZoomFit Graphs the selected functions in a user-defined viewing window. † q MEMORY 3:ZoomRcl Redefines - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 386
graph using the window variables of the graph † q that was displayed before you executed the last ZOOM MEMORY instruction. 1:ZPrevious ZQuadrant1 Displays the portion of the graph alternative=1 is >. drawflag=1 draws results; drawflag=0 calculates results. † ... TESTS 1:Z-Test( ZTrig Replots - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 387
Function or Instruction/Arguments listx‡value listAx‡listB Cube: value3 Cube root: 3‡(value) Equal: valueA=valueB Not equal: valueAƒvalueB Less than: by itself. ¡ Returns value raised to power. value can be a real or › complex number or expression. Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 380 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 388
valueA plus valueB plus matrixB elements. Ã matrixA+matrixB Concatenation: Concatenates two or more strings. Ã string1+string2 Subtraction: Subtracts valueB from valueA. ¹ valueANvalueB Subtraction: Subtracts list elements from value. ¹ valueNlist Appendix A: Functions and Instructions - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 389
Function or Instruction/Arguments Result Subtraction: listNvalue Subtracts value from list elements. Subtraction: listANlistB Subtracts listB elements from seconds. degrees¡minutes'seconds" Key or Keys/Menu or Screen/Item ¹ ¹ ¹ y ; ANGLE 2:' ƒ [ã] Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 382 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 390
may store to them. The TI-84 Plus can update X, Y, R, q, and T during graphing, so you may want to you can store any string of characters, functions, instructions, or variables to the functions Yn, (1 through programs or any variable from RAM to user data archive memory where they cannot be edited - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 391
• ZXmin, ZXmax, ZXscl, ZTstep, ZPlotStart, Zu(nMin), and other ZOOM variables. The variables below are reserved for use by the TI-84 Plus. You cannot store to them. n, v, Sx, sx, minX, maxX, Gy, Gy2, Gxy, a, b, c, RegEQ, x1, x2, y1, z, t, F, c2, Ç, v1, Sx1, n1, lower, upper, r2, R2 and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 392
ANOVA( The ANOVA Ü statistic is: Ü = F-----a---c---t--o---r---M-----S-ErrorMS The mean squares (MS) that make up Ü are: FactorMS = F-----a---c---t--o---r---S---S-Factordf ErrorMS = E-----r--r---o---r---S---S-Errordf The sum of squares (SS) that make up the mean squares are: I ∑ FactorSS = ni( - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 393
df(x, n1-1 , n2-1 ) = Ûpdf( ) with degrees of freedom df, n1-1 , and n2-1 p = reported p value 2-SampÜTest for the alternative hypothesis σ1 > σ2 . α p = ∫ f(x,n1 - 1,n2 - 1)dx F 2-SampÜTest for the alternative hypothesis σ1 < σ2 . F p = ∫ f(x,n1 - 1,n2 - 1)dx 0 2-SampÜTest for the alternative - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 394
otherwise: Sxp = -(--n---1----------1---)--S----x---1--2 n----2---------1---)---S---x---2---2df S= --1--n1 + --1--n2 Sxp df = n1 + n2 - 2 and Sxp is the pooled variance. Financial Formulas This section contains financial formulas for computing time value of money, amortization, cash - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 395
The iteration used to compute i: 0 = PV + PMT × Gi 1 1----+-----i--)------N-i + FV × (1 + i)-N I% = 100 × C ⁄ Y × [e(y × ln(x + 1)) - 1] where: x = i y = P/Y ÷ C/Y Gi = 1 + i × k where: k = 0 for end-of-period payments k = 1 for beginning-of-period payments N = - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 396
where: i ƒ 0 FV = -(PV + PMT × N) where: i = 0 Amortization If computing bal(), pmt2 = npmt Let bal(0) = RND(PV) Iterate from m = 1 to pmt2 ⎧ Im = RND[RND12(-i × bal(m - 1))] ⎨ ⎩ bal(m ) = bal(m - 1) - Im + RND(PMT) then: bal( ) = bal(pmt2) ΣPrn( ) = bal(pmt2) - bal(pmt1) ΣInt( ) = (pmt2 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 397
Internal rate of return is dependent on the values of the initial cash flow (CF0) and subsequent cash flows (CFj). i = I% ÷ 100 Interest Rate Conversions 4Eff = 100 × (eCP × ln(x + 1) - 1) where: x = .01 × Nom ÷ CP 4Nom = 100 × CP × [e1 ÷ CP × ln(x + 1) - 1 ] where: x = .01 × Eff Eff = - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 398
Things You Need to Know About Your TI-84 Plus TI-84 Plus Results There may be a number of reasons that your TI-84 Plus is not displaying the expected results; however, the most common solutions involve order of operations or mode settings. Your calculator uses an Equation Operating System™ (EOS - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 399
to full functionality after testing, link to another TI-84 Plus and transfer any file to the disabled calculator, or use TI Connect™ software to download a file from your computer to your TI-84 Plus. To transfer a file from another TI-84 Plus: 1. On the receiving unit, press y 8 and then select - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 400
back up your graphing calculator device files and Apps using the TI Connect™ software and a USB computer cable. You can find the specific procedures for backing up your calculator's device files and Apps in the TI Connect™ Help file. Apps TI-84 Plus Software Applications (Apps) is software that you - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 401
the TI-84 Plus detects an error, it returns an error message as a menu title, such as ERR:SYNTAX or ERR:DOMAIN. This table contains each error type, possible causes, and suggestions for correction. The error types listed in this table are each preceded by ERR: on your graphing calculator display - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 402
function or instruction outside the valid range. This error is not returned during graphing. The TI-84 Plus allows for undefined values on a graph. See Appendix . You have attempted to run an application with a limited trial period which has expired. • The TI-84 Plus was unable to transmit an item. - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 403
Goto instruction is not defined with a Lbl instruction in the program. The calculator has been disabled for testing. To restore full functionality, use TI Connect™ software to download a file to your calculator from your computer, or transfer any file to your calculator from another TI-84 Plus. (See - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 404
for L1. • The SinReg instruction or a polynomial regression generated a singular matrix (determinant = 0) because it could not find a solution, or a solution does not exist. This error is not returned during graphing. The TI-84 Plus allows for undefined values on a graph. expression in the solve - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 405
small or too large to graph correctly. You may have attempted to zoom in or zoom out to a point that exceeds the TI-84 Plus's numerical range. • A the home screen or a program in Full screen mode, Xmax is calculated as Xmin + @X É... 94. In G-T split-screen mode, Xmax is calculated as Xmin + @X É... - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 406
Float mode is selected. X and Y are updated with a maximum accuracy of eight digits. minimum and maximum on the CALCULATE menu are calculated with a tolerance of 1âL5; ‰f(x)dx is calculated at 1âL3. Therefore, the result displayed may not be accurate to all eight displayed digits. For most functions - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 407
contact Texas Instruments Customer Support before returning a product for service. All other customers: Refer to the leaflet enclosed with this product (hardware) or contact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor. Battery Information When to Replace the Batteries The TI-84 Plus uses - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 408
, you must replace the batteries immediately to successfully download an application. Effects of Replacing the Batteries Do not remove both information stored in memory, you must turn off the graphing calculator. Do not remove the AAA batteries and thebackup Service and Warranty Information 401 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 409
anything on the screen, you may need to adjust the graphing calculator contrast. To darken the screen, press and release y, and busy indicator (dotted line) is displayed, a graph or program has been paused; the TI-84 Plus is waiting for input. Press Í to continue Service and Warranty Information 402 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 410
TI-84 Plus does not function even though you are sure that the batteries are fresh, you can try manually resetting it. • Remove all of the AAA batteries from the graphing calculator . All nonsystem variables, applications (Apps), and programs are deleted. • Press Service and Warranty Information 403 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 411
355 calculating schedules 258 formula 389 and (Boolean operator) 63, 354 ANGLE menu 59 angle modes 16 angle( 55, 354 animate graph style 71 ANOVA( (one-way variance analysis) 238, 354, 385 Ans (last answer) 24, 329, 354 APD (Automatic Power Down) 3 applications See examples, applications 36 Apps 20 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 412
) 196 colon separator (:) 278 combinations (nCr) 57, 366 compiling an assembly program 294, 354 complex modes (a+bi, re^qi) 17, 50, 355, 370 (plotting mode) 17, 356 connecting two calculators 346, 349 contrast (display) 4 convergence, sequence graphing 110 conversions 4Dec (to decimal) 39, 357 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 413
( 247, 368 distribution shading instructions Shade_t( 249, 374 Shadeχ²( graph 89, 96 dy/dx operation on a graph 89, 96, 101 E E (exponent) 12, 15, 358 e^( (exponential) 37, 358 edit Solver 42 equations with multiple roots 44 errors diagnosing and correcting 33 messages 394 examples-applications - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 414
) 17, 360 full-screen mode (Full) 17, 360 Func (function graphing mode) 16, 360 function graphing accuracy 78 CALC (calculate menu) 87 defining and displaying 66 defining in the Y= editor 68 defining on the home screen, in a program 68 deselecting 69 displaying 66, 73, 76 ΔX and ΔY window variables - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 415
graph database) 135 geometcdf( 248, 361 geometpdf( 248, 361 Get( (get data from CBL 2™ or CBR™) 293, 361 GetCalc( (get data from TI-84 Plus If instructions calculating test results (Calculate) 220 confidence interval calculations 220 data input or stats input 219 entering argument values 219 graphing - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 416
line graph style 71 line segments, drawing 124 Line( (draw line) 125, 364 lines, drawing 125 LINK RECEIVE menu 350 LINK SEND menu 347 linking receiving items 350 to a CBL 2™ or CBR™ 346 to a PC or Macintosh 346 to a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus 351 transmitting items 344 two TI-84 Plus - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 417
-rectangular conversions) 61, 369 panning 80 Par/Param (parametric graphing mode) 16, 367 parametric equations 94 parametric graphing CALC (calculate operations on a graph) 96 defining and editing 94 free-moving cursor 95 graph format 94 graph styles 93 moving the cursor to a value 96 selecting and - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 418
editing 279 entering command lines 278 executing 279 inserting command lines 280 instructions 281 name (prgm) 287, 368 renaming 280 running assembly language program numbers 52 RectGC (rectangular graphing coordinates) 75, 371 recursive sequences 105 re-enabling a disabled calculator 392 ref( (row- - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 419
) 170, 373 sequence graphing axes format 107 CALC (calculate menu) 108 evaluating 109 free-moving cursor 107 graph format 107 graph styles 104 moving the cursor to a value 108 nonrecursive sequences 105 recursive sequences 105 selecting and deselecting 104 TI-84 Plus versus TI-82 table 114 tracing - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 420
display 76, 79 Trace instruction in a program 80, 376 transmitting error conditions 352 from a TI-83 351 from a TI-83 Plus Silver Edition or TI-83 Plus 351 from a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus 351 stopping 348 to a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus 348 transpose matrix (T) 155 - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 421
clock on, ClockOn 356 turning on and off axes 75 calculator 3 coordinates 75 expressions 76 functions 70 grid 75 labels 103 value operation on a graph 87 variables complex 19 displaying and storing values 21 equation solver 43 graph databases 19 graph pictures 19 independent/dependent 118 list - Texas Instruments 84PLSECLM1L1T | Guidebook - Page 422
ZoomRcl (recall stored window) 86, 378 ZoomStat (statistics zoom) 83, 378 ZoomSto (store zoom window) 85, 378 ZPrevious (use previous window) 379 ZSquare (set square pixels) 82, 379 ZStandard (use standard window) 83, 379 Z-Test (one-sample z test) 223, 379 ZTrig (trigonometric window) 83, 379 415
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 |
 |
TI-84 Plus and
TI-84 Plus Silver Edition
Guidebook
Note
: This guidebook for the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition with operating system (OS)
version 2.55MP. If your calculator has a previous OS version, your screens may look different
and some features may not be available. You can download the latest OS
education.ti.com/guides.