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Adaptec 4000 User Guide - Page 75

Understanding RAID

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Understanding RAID B In this appendix... Understanding Drive Segments 76 Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0 76 RAID 1 Arrays ...77 RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays...77 RAID 10 Arrays ...78 RAID 5 Arrays ...79 RAID 5EE Arrays...80 RAID 50 Arrays ...81 RAID 6 Arrays ...82 RAID 60 Arrays ...82 Selecting the Best RAID Level 83 When you create arrays (or logical drives), you can assign a RAID level to protect your data. Each RAID level offers a unique combination of performance and redundancy. RAID levels also vary by the number of disk drives they support. This appendix describes the RAID levels supported by your Adaptec RAID controller, and provides a basic overview of each to help you select the best level of protection for your data storage.

Section	Page
About This Guide	11
What You Need to Know Before You Begin	12
Terminology Used in this Guide	12
How to Find More Information	12
Kit Contents and System Requirements	13
Kit Contents	14
System Requirements	14
About Your RAID Controller	15
Standard RAID Controller Features	16
Array-level Features	16
Advanced Data Protection Suite	16
Adding Enhanced Features	17
Using a Feature Key to Unlock Enhanced Features	17
Adding a Battery Backup Module	17
Upgrading the Controller Firmware	17
About the Adaptec 3085	18
About the Adaptec 3405	19
About the Adaptec 3805	20
About the Adaptec 31205	21
About the Adaptec 31605	22
About the Adaptec 4000	23
About the Adaptec 4800SAS	24
About the Adaptec 4805SAS	25
About the Adaptec 2420SA	26
About the Adaptec 2820SA	27
About the Adaptec 2130SLP	28
About the Adaptec 2230SLP	29
Getting Started	30
Choosing a RAID Level	31
Selecting Disk Drives	32
Disk Drives for SAS Controllers	32
Disk Drives for SATA Controllers	32
Disk Drives for SCSI Controllers	32
Selecting Cables	33
SAS Cables	33
SATA Cables	34
SCSI Cables	35
Installation Options	35
Basic Installation Steps	35
Installing with an Operating System	35
Installing on an Existing Operating System	36
Installing the Controller and Disk Drives	37
Before You Begin	38
Installing the Controller	38
Connecting Disk Drives to SAS RAID Controllers	39
Connecting Directly to the Controller	39
Connecting to a System Backplane	40
Connecting Disk Drives to SATA RAID Controllers	41
Connecting Disk Drives to SCSI RAID Controllers	41
Connecting External Devices	42
Next Steps	42
Monitoring Disk Drives with Adaptec Storage Manager	42
Creating a Bootable Array	43
Setting the Boot Controller	44
Creating an Array	44
Creating an Array with the ACU	44
Creating an Array with Adaptec Storage Manager	46
Making Your Array Bootable	47
Installing the Driver and an Operating System	48
Before You Begin	49
Creating a Driver Disk	49
Installing with Windows	50
Installing with Red Hat Linux	50
Installing with SUSE Linux	51
Installing with NetWare	51
Installing with OpenServer	52
Installing with Solaris	52
Installing with UnixWare	53
Installing with VMware	53
Installing with FreeBSD	54
Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System	55
Before You Begin	56
Creating a Driver Disk	56
Installing on Windows	57
Installing on Red Hat or SUSE Linux	57
Installing on NetWare	57
Installing on OpenServer	58
Installing on Solaris	58
Installing on UnixWare	59
Installing on VMware	59
Installing on FreeBSD	60
Managing Your Storage Space	61
About Adaptec Storage Manager	62
Installing Adaptec Storage Manager	62
About the Adaptec RAID Controller Configuration Utility	62
About the Adaptec RAID Configuration Utility	63
About the Adaptec Flash Utility	63
Which Utility Should I Use?	63
Solving Problems	64
Troubleshooting Checklist	65
Silencing the Alarm	65
Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure	65
Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare	66
Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare	66
Failure in Multiple Arrays Simultaneously	66
Disk Drive Failure in a RAID 0 Array	66
Multiple Failures in the Same Array	67
Resetting the Controller	67
Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI	68
Terminology Used in This Chapter	69
What is SAS?	69
How Do SAS Devices Communicate?	70
What’s a Phy?	70
What’s a SAS Port?	71
What’s a SAS Address?	71
What’s a SAS Connector?	71
What do SAS Cables Look Like?	71
How are Disk Drives Identified in SAS?	72
What are the SAS Connection Options?	72
Direct-attach Connections	72
Backplane Connections	72
SAS Expander Connections	73
How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI?	74
Understanding RAID	75
Understanding Drive Segments	76
Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0)	76
RAID 1 Arrays	77
RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays	77
RAID 10 Arrays	78
RAID 5 Arrays	79
RAID 5EE Arrays	80
RAID 50 Arrays	81
RAID 6 Arrays	82
RAID 60 Arrays	82
Selecting the Best RAID Level	83
Using the Adaptec RAID Configuration Utility	84
Introduction to the ARC Utility	85
Running the ARC Utility	85
Navigating the ARC Utility	85
Using the ACU to Create and Manage Arrays	85
Creating a New Array	85
Managing Existing Arrays	86
Creating Bootable Arrays	86
Initializing Disk Drives	86
Rescanning Disk Drives	86
Secure Erasing Disk Drives	87
Stopping a Secure Erase	87
Using the -Select Utility to Modify Controller Settings	87
Opening a -Select Utility	87
Applying Changes and Exiting	87
Modifying Your Controller’s Configuration	88
General Controller Settings	88
SAS-specific Controller Settings	89
SATA-specific Controller Settings	89
SCSI-specific Controller Settings	90
SCSI Device Settings	90
SCSI Channel Interface Settings	90
Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives	91
Locating Disk Drives	91
Identifying Disk Drives	91
Viewing the Event Log	92
Using the Array Configuration Utility for DOS	93
Getting Started	94
Working in the ACU Using Menus	94
Running the ACU Using Scripts	95
About Playback Mode	95
About Record Mode	96
Creating the Script File Manually	96
Entering Comments in the Script File	96
Array Definition Block Keywords	97
Array Keyword	97
Drives Keyword	97
End Keyword	98
HotspareDrives Keyword	98
InitializeAll Keyword	98
Method Keyword	99
ReadCache Keyword	99
Size Keyword	99
StripeSize Keyword	99
Type Keyword	100
Wait Keyword	100
WriteCache Keyword	100
Channel Definition Block Keywords-SCSI only	100
Channel Keyword	100
ControllerID Keyword	101
End Keyword	101
ACU Error Codes	101
Sample Scripts	102
Sample Scripts for SCSI and SAS Controllers	102
Sample Script for SATA Controllers	103
Using the Adaptec Flash Utility	104
System Requirements	105
Compatibility Notes	105
Before You Begin	105
Obtaining the Firmware	105
Creating the Firmware Floppy Disks	106
Running the Menu-based AFU	106
Running the AFU from the Command Line	107
AFU Commands	107
List	107
Save	107
Update	108
Verify	109
Version	109
Help	109
Updating the Flash Using the AFU Command Line	110
Adaptec Serial Controller LED and I2C Connector Reference	111
Adaptec 2420SA Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification	112
Adaptec 2820SA Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification	113
Adaptec 3085 LED and I2C Connector Specification	114
Adaptec 3405 LED and I2C Connector Specification	114
Adaptec 3805 LED and I2C Connector Specification	116
Adaptec 31205 LED and I2C Connector Specification	118
Adaptec 31605 LED and I2C Connector Specification	121
Adaptec 4800SAS LED and I2C Connector Specification	126
Adaptec 4805SAS LED and I2C Connector Specification	127
Safety Information	129
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)	129
Technical Specifications	130
Environmental Specifications	131
DC Power Requirements	131
Current Requirements	131

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Understanding RAID

In this appendix...

Understanding Drive Segments

.............................................................................................

Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0)

..........................................................................................

RAID 1 Arrays

........................................................................................................................

RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays

.......................................................................................................

RAID 10 Arrays

......................................................................................................................

RAID 5 Arrays

........................................................................................................................

RAID 5EE Arrays

....................................................................................................................

RAID 50 Arrays

......................................................................................................................

RAID 6 Arrays

........................................................................................................................

RAID 60 Arrays

......................................................................................................................

Selecting the Best RAID Level

................................................................................................

When you create arrays (or logical drives), you can assign a RAID level to protect your data.

Each RAID level offers a unique combination of performance and redundancy. RAID levels

also vary by the number of disk drives they support.

This appendix describes the RAID levels supported by your Adaptec RAID controller, and

provides a basic overview of each to help you select the best level of protection for your data

storage.