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Appendix A Mitigating ARP Spoofing Attacks Using Packet Content ACL

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xStack® DES-3528/DES-3552 Series Layer 2 Stackable Fast Ethernet Managed Switch Web UI Reference Guide Appendix A Mitigating ARP Spoofing Attacks Using Packet Content ACL Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the standard method for finding a host's hardware address (MAC address) when only its IP address is known. However, this protocol is vulnerable because crackers can spoof the IP and MAC information in the ARP packets to attack a LAN (known as ARP spoofing). This document is intended to introduce the ARP protocol, ARP spoofing attacks, and the countermeasures brought by D-Link's switches to thwart ARP spoofing attacks. How Address Resolution Protocol Works In the process of ARP, PC A will first issue an ARP request to query PC B's MAC address. The network structure is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 In the meantime, PC A's MAC address will be written into the "Sender H/W Address" and its IP address will be written into the "Sender Protocol Address" in the ARP payload. As PC B's MAC address is unknown, the "Target H/W Address" will be "00-00-00-00-00-00," while PC B's IP address will be written into the "Target Protocol Address," shown in Table1. Table 1 ARP Payload The ARP request will be encapsulated into an Ethernet frame and sent out. As can be seen in Table 2, the "Source Address" in the Ethernet frame will be PC A's MAC address. Since an ARP request is sent via broadcast, the "Destination address" is in a format of Ethernet broadcast (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF). 339

Section	Page
Intended Readers	10
Typographical Conventions	10
Notes, Notices and Cautions	10
Chapter 1 Web-based Switch Configuration	11
Introduction	11
Login to the Web Manager	11
Web-based User Interface	12
Web Pages	13
Chapter 2 System Configuration	14
Device Information	14
System Information Settings	15
Dual Configuration Settings	16
Firmware Information Settings	17
Port Configuration	18
PoE	21
Serial Port Settings	24
System Log configuration	25
Time Range Settings	29
Time Settings	29
User Accounts Settings	30
Stacking	31
Chapter 3 Management	35
ARP	35
Gratuitous ARP	37
IPv6 Neighbor Settings	38
IP Interface	39
Management Settings	43
Session Table	44
Single IP Management	44
SNMP Settings	54
Telnet Settings	64
Web Settings	64
Chapter 4 L2 Features	65
VLAN	65
Q-in-Q	88
Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Settings	90
Spanning Tree	91
Link Aggregation	100
FDB	103
L2 Multicast Control	107
Multicast Filtering	132
ERPS Settings	136
LLDP	139
Chapter 5 L3 Features	149
Local Route Settings	149
IPv4 Static/Default Route Settings	149
IPv4 Route Table	150
IPv6 Static/Default Route Settings	151
IPv6 Route Table	151
Policy Route Settings	152
IP Forwarding Table	153
Chapter 6 QoS	154
802.1p Settings	156
Bandwidth Control	159
Traffic Control Settings	161
DSCP	164
HOL Blocking Prevention	167
Scheduling Settings	168
SRED	171
Chapter 7 ACL	174
ACL Configuration Wizard	174
Access Profile List	175
CPU Access Profile List	193
ACL Finder	207
ACL Flow Meter	208
Chapter 8 Security	211
802.1X	211
RADIUS	224
IP-MAC-Port Binding (IMPB)	229
MAC-based Access Control (MAC)	236
Web-based Access Control (WAC)	240
Japanese Web-based Access Control (JWAC)	245
Compound Authentication	252
Port Security	256
ARP Spoofing Prevention Settings	258
BPDU Attack Protection	259
Loopback Detection Settings	261
Traffic Segmentation Settings	262
NetBIOS Filtering Settings	263
DHCP Server Screening	264
Access Authentication Control	265
SSL Settings	274
SSH	276
Trusted Host Settings	280
Safeguard Engine Settings	281
Chapter 9 Network Application	284
DHCP	284
DNS	296
PPPoE Circuit ID Insertion Settings	298
SNTP	299
Chapter 10 OAM	302
CFM	302
Ethernet OAM	311
DULD Settings	315
Cable Diagnostics	316
Chapter 11 Monitoring	318
Utilization	318
Statistics	320
Mirror	332
sFlow	334
Ping Test	337
Trace Route	338
Peripheral	340
Chapter 12 Save and Tools	341
Save Configuration ID 1	341
Save Configuration ID 2	341
Save Log	342
Save All	342
Stacking Information	342
Download Firmware	344
Download Configuration File	344
Upload Configuration File	345
Upload Log File	346
Reset	347
Reboot System	347
Appendix A Mitigating ARP Spoofing Attacks Using Packet Content ACL	348
How Address Resolution Protocol Works	348
How ARP Spoofing Attacks a Network	350
Prevent ARP Spoofing via Packet Content ACL	351
Configuration	351
Appendix B System Log and Trap List	354
System Log Entries	354
DES-3528/DES-3552 Series Trap List	362
Proprietary Trap List	362
Appendix C Password Recovery Procedure	365

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xStack® DES-3528/DES-3552 Series Layer 2 Stackable Fast Ethernet Managed Switch Web UI Reference Guide

Appendix A

Mitigating ARP Spoofing Attacks

Using Packet Content ACL

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the standard method for finding a host’s hardware address (MAC address) when

only its IP address is known. However, this protocol is vulnerable because crackers can spoof the IP and MAC

information in the ARP packets to attack a LAN (known as ARP spoofing). This document is intended to introduce the

ARP protocol, ARP spoofing attacks, and the countermeasures brought by D-Link’s switches to thwart ARP spoofing

attacks.

How Address Resolution Protocol Works

In the process of ARP, PC A will first issue an ARP

request to query PC B’s MAC address. The network

structure is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

In the meantime, PC A’s MAC address will be written into the “Sender H/W Address” and its IP address will be

written into the “Sender Protocol Address” in the ARP payload. As PC B’s MAC address is unknown, the “Target

H/W Address” will be “00-00-00-00-00-00,” while PC B’s IP address will be written into the “Target Protocol

Address,” shown in Table1.

Table 1 ARP Payload

The ARP request will be encapsulated into an Ethernet frame and sent out. As can be seen in Table 2, the “Source

Address” in the Ethernet frame will be PC A’s MAC address. Since an ARP request is sent via broadcast, the

“Destination address” is in a format of Ethernet broadcast (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF).

339