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Table 2-1, Linux Commands

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NOTE Linux System Setup and Recovery Recovering Your Linux System From this prompt, you can use the following commands: Table 2-1 Linux Commands anaconda badblocks bash cat chatter chmod chroot clock collage cp cpio dd ddcprobe depmode df e2fsck fdisk fsck fsck.ext2 ftp genhdlist gnome-pty-helper grep gunzip gzip head hwclock ifconﬁg init insmod less ln loader ls lsattr lsmod mattrib mbadblocks mcd mcopy mdel mdeltree mdir mdu mformat minfo mkdir mke2fs mke2fs.ext2 mknod mkraid mkswap mlabel mmd mmount mmove modprobe mount mpartition mrd mread mren mshowfat mt mtools mtype mv mzip open pico ping probe ps python python1.5 raidstart raidstop rcp rlogin rm rmmod route rpm rsh sed sh sync tac tail tar touch traceroute umount uncpio uniq zcat The man command is not available in rescue mode. Make sure you know how to use all the above commands before you use rescue mode. If your root ﬁlesystem is undamaged, you can mount it and then run any 44 Chapter 2

Section	Page
Getting Started Guide	1
Getting Started Guide	1
Getting Started Guide	1
HP x4000 Linux Workstation	1
Manufacturing Part Number: A7230-90002	1
Edition E0701	1
© Copyright 2001	1
© Copyright 2001	1
Hewlett-Packard Company	1
Legal Notices	2
Legal Notices	2
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.	2
Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not li...	2
Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment...	2
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are res...	2
Red Hat®, the Red Hat “Shadow Man” logo, RPM, Maximum RPM, the RPM logo, Linux Library, PowerTool...	2
Adaptec® is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc. Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Sys...	2
Matrox® is a registered trademark of Matrox Electronic Systems Ltd. Microsoft®, Windows®, MS-DOS®...	2
HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, California 94304 U.S.A.	2
Printing History	2
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The printing date will cha...	2
Manual updates may be issued between editions to correct errors or document product changes. To e...	2
First Edition: July 2001	3
Printing Division:	3
Hewlett-Packard Co.	3
Hewlett-Packard Co.	3
Technical Computer Division	3
3404 E. Harmony Rd. Fort Collins, CO 80525	3
Important Safety Information	9
Important Safety Information	9
If you have any doubt that you can lift the computer or display safely, do not try to move it wit...	9
For your safety, always connect the equipment to a grounded wall outlet. Always use a power cord ...	9
For your safety, never remove your Workstation’s cover without first removing the power cord from...	9
WARNING To avoid electrical shock, do not open the power supply. There are no user-serviceable pa...	9
WARNING To avoid electrical shock, do not open the power supply. There are no user-serviceable pa...	9
This product is a class I laser product. To avoid electrical shock and harm to your eyes by laser...	9
Important Ergonomic Information	9
Important Ergonomic Information	9
It is strongly recommended that you read the ergonomics information before using your Workstation...	9
Getting Help	10
Getting Help	10
Printed Documentation	10
Printed Documentation	10
This x4000 Linux Getting Started Guide is the only printed documentation included with your Works...	10
Downloading Documentation from HP’s Web Site	10
Downloading Documentation from HP’s Web Site	10
The HP Workstation web site (	10
The web accessible documentation includes the x4000 Technical Reference/Troubleshooting Guide. T...	10
Additional Web Sites	10
Additional Web Sites	10
• www.hp.com/workstations/support	10
• www.hp.com/workstations/support	10
• www.hp.com/workstations/support	10
• www.hp.com/workstations/support	10
• www.hp.com/toptools	10
• www.hp.com/toptools	10
• www.hp.com/toptools	10
• www.hp.com/ergo	10
• www.hp.com/ergo	10
• www.hp.com/ergo	10
Contacting Customer Service	10
Contacting Customer Service	10
Refer to	10
1 Setting Up and Using Your Linux Workstation	11
1 Setting Up and Using Your Linux Workstation	11
Setting Up Your Linux Workstation	12
Setting Up Your Linux Workstation	12
WARNING If you have any doubt that you can lift the Workstation and monitor safely, do not try to...	12
WARNING If you have any doubt that you can lift the Workstation and monitor safely, do not try to...	12
The following topics explain how to set up your x4000 Linux Workstation. Some steps may not apply...	12
Prepare your Workspace	12
Prepare your Workspace	12
1. Unpack all of the components.	12
1. Unpack all of the components.	12
1. Unpack all of the components.	12
2. Place the monitor on a sturdy desk with easily accessible power outlets and enough space for t...	12
2. Place the monitor on a sturdy desk with easily accessible power outlets and enough space for t...	12
3. Position the Workstation on a sturdy desk or the floor with the rear connectors easily accessi...	12
3. Position the Workstation on a sturdy desk or the floor with the rear connectors easily accessi...	12
Installation Tools	12
Installation Tools	12
No tools are required to set up your Workstation unless you are installing a graphics card. If yo...	12
Connect the Components	13
Connect the Components	13
Before connecting any cords or cables to your Workstation, please read	13
Figure 11 on page14	13
Figure 11 on page14	13
1. Connect the mouse.	13
1. Connect the mouse.	13
2. Connect the monitor to the 15-pin display connector and tighten the attachment screws.	13
3. Connect the three HP Multimedia Keyboard cables:	13
4. If you have a printer, connect your printer cable and tighten the attachment screws.	13
5. If you have any serial devices, connect them to serial port A or B.	13
NOTE Use the Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors for USB accessories. The x4000 Linux Workstati...	14
NOTE Use the Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors for USB accessories. The x4000 Linux Workstati...	14
Figure11 Location of Rear Panel Connectors	14
Figure11 Location of Rear Panel Connectors	14
Figure11 Location of Rear Panel Connectors	14
<GRAPHIC>	15
Connect the Audio Accessories	15
Connect the microphone and headphones (or amplified speakers) to the HP Multimedia keyboard as sh...	15
WARNING Listening to loud sounds for prolonged periods of time may permanently damage your hearing.	15
WARNING Listening to loud sounds for prolonged periods of time may permanently damage your hearing.	15
NOTE The internal speaker is deactivated when you use the output line jack on the rear of the Wor...	15
NOTE The internal speaker is deactivated when you use the output line jack on the rear of the Wor...	15
Figure12 Connecting Audio Accessories	15
Figure12 Connecting Audio Accessories	15
<GRAPHIC>	15
Connect to a Network (LAN)	15
Your Workstation’s 10BT/100TX LAN auto-sensing interface adapter supports both 10Mbit/s and 100 M...	15
Connect the network cable to the LAN connector shown in	15
Connect the Power Cords	16
Connect the Power Cords	16
WARNING For your safety, always connect equipment to a grounded wall outlet. Always use a power c...	16
WARNING For your safety, always connect equipment to a grounded wall outlet. Always use a power c...	16
1. Connect the power cords to the rear of the monitor and the Workstation.	16
1. Connect the power cords to the rear of the monitor and the Workstation.	16
1. Connect the power cords to the rear of the monitor and the Workstation.	16
2. Connect the both power cords to a grounded outlet.	16
2. Connect the both power cords to a grounded outlet.	16
Using Your x4000 Linux Workstation	17
Using Your x4000 Linux Workstation	17
Understanding the Control Panel	17
Understanding the Control Panel	17
The hardware control panel, located on the front of the Workstation, is shown in	17
Figure13 Hardware Control Panel	17
Figure13 Hardware Control Panel	17
Figure13 Hardware Control Panel	17
<GRAPHIC>	17
• Power On/Off button: Press this button to start the Workstation. You can also wake the Workstat...	17
• Power LED:	17
• Reset button: Press this button to re-initialize all the hardware without cycling power to the ...	17
• Hard Disk Activity LED — This light flickers when your hard disk is being accessed.	18
• Network Activity LED — This light flickers anytime the workstation is connected to the network ...	18
• Diag LEDs — These four LEDs can be off, green, yellow, or red. The color pattern lets you diagn...	18
Starting and Stopping Your Linux Workstation	18
Starting and Stopping Your Linux Workstation	18
Starting Your Workstation for the First Time	18
Starting Your Workstation for the First Time	18
Your Linux Workstation has pre-installed Red Hat Linux and HP software. It is initialized the fir...	18
For more information on system start-up, configuration and recovery see the chapter “Linux System...	18
Initializing Your Software	19
Initializing Your Software	19
NOTE Do NOT switch OFF the Workstation while the software is being initialized—this could cause u...	19
NOTE Do NOT switch OFF the Workstation while the software is being initialized—this could cause u...	19
To initialize your software:	19
1. Turn on the display first, and then turn on the Linux Workstation.	19
1. Turn on the display first, and then turn on the Linux Workstation.	19
2. When the Workstation is switched on, it performs a Power-On-Self-Test (POST). Press	19
2. When the Workstation is switched on, it performs a Power-On-Self-Test (POST). Press	19
If there is an error in the POST, the error will automatically be displayed. For details, see the...	19
3. If you have set a password in the Workstation’s	19
Stopping Your Linux Workstation	19
Stopping Your Linux Workstation	19
To stop the Workstation (when running an operating system), make sure that you have exited all ap...	19
Setting Hardware Passwords in the HP Setup Program	20
Setting Hardware Passwords in the HP Setup Program	20
You can set hardware passwords to provide different levels of protection for your Workstation: th...	20
The Administrator can access and change all settings in the Setup program, while the User can onl...	20
To Set a Password	20
To Set a Password	20
1. Start the Setup program.	20
1. Start the Setup program.	20
1. Start the Setup program.	20
2. Select the	20
2. Select the	20
3. Select the	20
3. Select the	20
4. Choose the Set Administrator or User Password setup item. You must enter your password twice.	20
4. Choose the Set Administrator or User Password setup item. You must enter your password twice.	20
5. To save your changes and exit the Setup program, press	20
5. To save your changes and exit the Setup program, press	20
To remove the password, follow the same procedure as to set a password. You will be asked to ente...	20
If You Forget Your User Password	21
If You Forget Your User Password	21
1. Switch off the Workstation.	21
1. Switch off the Workstation.	21
1. Switch off the Workstation.	21
2. Re-start the Workstation. If you are prompted for a password, enter the Administration password.	21
3. When Press F2 to Enter Setup appears, press the F2 key.	21
4. Enter the Administrator password to access the Setup program.	21
5. Go to the Security menu.	21
6. Go to the Set User Password field and set a new User Password. This will replace the old passw...	21
7. Press Esc or select Exit Menu to save the new password. and exit Setup.	21
Configuring Your Workstation	22
Configuring Your Workstation	22
Use the HP Setup program to configure your Workstation (for example: setting up hardware system a...	22
It is recommended that you take note of any changes to the system setup.	22
Starting the HP Setup Program	22
Starting the HP Setup Program	22
1. Turn on the display and then the Workstation. If the Workstation is already turned on, save yo...	22
1. Turn on the display and then the Workstation. If the Workstation is already turned on, save yo...	22
1. Turn on the display and then the Workstation. If the Workstation is already turned on, save yo...	22
2. Press	22
2. Press	22
The opening screen of the Workstation’s Setup program is displayed. The Main Menu presents a list...	22
A band along the top of the screen offers a list of menus. Select a menu by using either the left...	22
Main Menu	22
Main Menu	22
The Main Menu presents a list of fields, including:	22
• The installed BIOS version	22
• The installed BIOS version	22
• The installed BIOS version	22
• Reset Configuration Data	22
• Reset Configuration Data	22
• System Time	22
• System Time	22
• System Date	22
• System Date	22
• Key Click	22
• Key Click	22
• Key Auto-Repeat Speed	22
• Key Auto-Repeat Speed	22
• Delay Before Auto-Repeat	22
• Delay Before Auto-Repeat	22
• NumLock at Power-on	22
• NumLock at Power-on	22
By default, “Reset Configuration Data” is set to	22
Advanced Menu	23
Advanced Menu	23
The Advanced Menu offers a list of sub-menus allowing you to:	23
• Configure memory caching, USB ports, Integrated I/O Ports and Integrated Audio Devices	23
• Configure memory caching, USB ports, Integrated I/O Ports and Integrated Audio Devices	23
• Configure memory caching, USB ports, Integrated I/O Ports and Integrated Audio Devices	23
• Enable floppy disk drives, IDE devices (Primary and Secondary)	23
• Enable floppy disk drives, IDE devices (Primary and Secondary)	23
• Workstation Devices.	23
• Workstation Devices.	23
Security Menu	23
Security Menu	23
Sub-menus are presented for changing the characteristics and values of the System Administrator P...	23
Boot Menu	23
Boot Menu	23
Select the order of the devices from which you want the BIOS to attempt to boot the operating sys...	23
Power Menu	23
Power Menu	23
The Network Interface option enables the system to return to normal speed when a specific command...	23
Setup changes system behavior by modifying the power-on initialization parameters. Setting incorr...	23
Viewing Your Workstation Configuration	24
Viewing Your Workstation Configuration	24
The Summary Screen gives you a summary of the current configuration of your Workstation (for exam...	24
You should check the configuration of your Workstation when you first use it and each time after ...	24
1. Turn on the display and then the Workstation. If the Workstation is already turned on, save yo...	24
1. Turn on the display and then the Workstation. If the Workstation is already turned on, save yo...	24
1. Turn on the display and then the Workstation. If the Workstation is already turned on, save yo...	24
2. When the start-up logo appears on your display, press	24
2. When the start-up logo appears on your display, press	24
Using Power Management	25
Using Power Management	25
Power management enables you to reduce the Workstation’s overall power consumption by slowing dow...	25
Operating systems differ in their power management capabilities. Refer to your operating system d...	25
Software and Driver Availability	25
Software and Driver Availability	25
In the “Software and Drivers” section of the HP support site	25
You can also register to obtain information on new driver availability automatically.	25
Contact your dealer for an up-to-date list of supported devices or check the HP web site:	25
Additional System Information and Help	26
Additional System Information and Help	26
<GRAPHIC>	26
After completing the Set-up Program and rebooting, your Workstation will launch a special “Welcom...	26
Working in Comfort and Safety	27
Working in Comfort and Safety	27
Preparing Your Work Environment	27
Preparing Your Work Environment	27
It is important that your work environment contributes to your comfort and productivity:	27
• Work Surface Height	27
• Work Surface Height	27
• Work Surface Height	27
• Work Surface Height	27
• Chair	27
• Chair	27
• Chair	27
• Monitor	27
• Monitor	27
• Monitor	27
• Work Surface Arrangement	28
• Work Surface Arrangement	28
• Work Surface Arrangement	28
WARNING Various aspects of using a mouse, keyboard, and other devices may increase your risk of d...	28
WARNING Various aspects of using a mouse, keyboard, and other devices may increase your risk of d...	28
Working Posture	28
Working Posture	28
Sitting in one position for long periods can be uncomfortable. To minimize the potential risk for...	28
• Head	28
• Head	28
• Head	28
• Head	28
• Back	28
• Back	28
• Back	28
• Arms	28
• Arms	28
• Arms	28
• Hands, Wrists, Forearms	29
• Hands, Wrists, Forearms	29
• Hands, Wrists, Forearms	29
• Legs	29
• Legs	29
• Legs	29
• Feet	29
• Feet	29
• Feet	29
Additional Ergonomic Issues	29
Additional Ergonomic Issues	29
• Look away from the screen from time to time to help reduce eyestrain. Focus on distant objects ...	29
• Look away from the screen from time to time to help reduce eyestrain. Focus on distant objects ...	29
• Look away from the screen from time to time to help reduce eyestrain. Focus on distant objects ...	29
• Remember to occasionally shift position and move your body. Keeping your body in one position f...	29
• Remember to occasionally shift position and move your body. Keeping your body in one position f...	29
• Changing tasks frequently helps prevent muscle stiffness. Alternate between keyboarding, readin...	29
• Changing tasks frequently helps prevent muscle stiffness. Alternate between keyboarding, readin...	29
• Discomfort may be alleviated by using alternative ergonomic designs and accessories such as erg...	29
• Discomfort may be alleviated by using alternative ergonomic designs and accessories such as erg...	29
Recycling your Workstation	30
Recycling your Workstation	30
HP has a strong commitment towards environmental conservation. Your Workstation has been designed...	30
HP can take an old Workstation back for recycling when it reaches the end of its useful life thro...	30
For details about HP’s product take-back program, contact your dealer or your nearest HP Sales Of...	30
2 Linux System Setup and Recovery	31
2 Linux System Setup and Recovery	31
Configuring Your Linux Workstation	32
Configuring Your Linux Workstation	32
Make sure there are no disks in the 3.5-inch floppy drive or the CD-ROM drive, then turn on the p...	32
The setparms utility is run the first time the workstation is booted. It allows you to set up imp...	32
After a few minutes, the start-up process ends and the Linux Setup Tool window, shown below, appe...	32
<GRAPHIC>	33
Setting the Root Password	33
Setting the Root Password	33
By default, the root user has the password “hplinux.” Before you exit, you must set your own root...	33
<GRAPHIC>	33
Choose a password	33
NOTE Write your password down and keep it in a secure place. If you forget it, you will not be ab...	33
NOTE Write your password down and keep it in a secure place. If you forget it, you will not be ab...	33
Changing Boot/Network Parameters	34
Changing Boot/Network Parameters	34
Choose the “Boot/Network” tab and the window below appears.	34
<GRAPHIC>	34
There are three kinds of booting protocols that setparms can set up for you: Static, DHCP, and BO...	34
1. Static boot protocol	34
1. Static boot protocol	34
2. DHCP boot protocol	35
3. BOOTP boot protocol	35
Choose the Boot Protocol that is appropriate for your system. If you do not know which protocol t...	35
Setting Up Network Authorization Parameters	36
Setting Up Network Authorization Parameters	36
After typing your workstation’s IP Address, Hostname, network Gateway, Netmask addresses and the ...	36
<GRAPHIC>	36
Here is where you enable NIS, set up its parameters and other authentication parameters. If you c...	36
Check the “Use Shadow Passwords” and “Enable MD5 Passwords” boxes if appropriate.	36
Click “Save” when satisfied, or “Cancel” if you want to skip this step.	36
The files /etc/yp.conf, /etc/shadow and /etc/pam.d/passwd are modified with this step.	36
Xserver Parameters	37
Xserver Parameters	37
To set Monitor and Video parameters, use the “Xserver” tab at the top of the Setup Tool window. T...	37
<GRAPHIC>	37
Follow the directions on the screen and press “Save” to save the changes.	37
DNS Parameters Configuration	38
DNS Parameters Configuration	38
In the “Boot/Network Parameters” tab, choose the “DNS Parameters” tab to configure your DNS conne...	38
<GRAPHIC>	38
The window contains two smaller windows DNS Servers (IP Address)	38
To change or remove an address, click on it to select it, and click on the Modify or Remove butto...	38
System Time, Timezone and Date Parameters	39
System Time, Timezone and Date Parameters	39
The “Time/Timezone” tab at the top of the Setup Tool screen will display the window shown below w...	39
Time Zone	39
Time Zone	39
Click the “Geographical Location	39
This step creates a symbolic link from /etc/localtime to /usr/share/zoneinfo/<timezone>.	39
Selecting the “Set time on Save” option causes setparms to set and save the system clock and the ...	39
Setting Keyboard Language	40
Setting Keyboard Language	40
The “Keyboard Mapping” functionality currently supports five keyboard languages: U.S., U.K., Fren...	40
<GRAPHIC>	40
As soon as you click “Set Now” in this window, the keyboard language is set and the keyboard is r...	40
This step modifies the files /etc/sysconfig/keyboard and /etc/sysconfig/i18n.	40
Netscape Preferences	41
Netscape Preferences	41
The “Netscape” tab at the top of the Setup Tool window allows you to set-up your Netscape Proxy C...	41
<GRAPHIC>	41
Fill-in the required information and click “Save.”	41
Summary	42
Summary	42
This completes the miscellaneous parameters you can set from the Linux Setup Tool window. If you ...	42
The “Show Summary	42
Click “OK” to close this window.	42
If you are satisfied with all the information you have entered, click “Save” at the bottom of the...	42
Recovering Your Linux System	43
Recovering Your Linux System	43
This section will provide information on how to recover your Linux system should it be required.	43
This section will provide information on how to recover your Linux system should it be required.	43
The Linux Rescue Mode	43
The Linux Rescue Mode	43
The Linux Rescue Mode is a Linux environment that lets you access files on your HP Visualize Linu...	43
Linux may not boot if you have installed another operating system. Some operating systems assume ...	43
Any computer can experience a hardware or software failure for many reasons. With the HP Visualiz...	43
Rescue Mode can give you access to the system so you can try to solve the problem or, at least, m...	43
Booting Your System in Rescue Mode	43
Booting Your System in Rescue Mode	43
To boot your system in Rescue Mode, enter the following parameter at the installation boot prompt:	43
boot: linux rescue	43
You can get to the installation boot prompt in one of these ways:	43
1. By booting your system from the diskette or CD-ROM that came with your Red Hat Linux boxed set.	43
1. By booting your system from the diskette or CD-ROM that came with your Red Hat Linux boxed set.	43
2. By booting from a network or PCMCIA boot diskette. These methods assume your network connectio...	43
Once you have your system in rescue mode, a prompt appears:	43
bash#	43
From this prompt, you can use the following commands:	44
<TABLE>	44
Table 21 Linux Commands	44
<TABLE BODY>	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
anaconda	44
anaconda	44
gzip	44
gzip	44
mke2fs.ext2	44
mke2fs.ext2	44
ps	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
badblocks	44
head	44
head	44
mknod	44
mknod	44
python	44
python	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
bash	44
bash	44
hwclock	44
mkraid	44
mkraid	44
python1.5	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
cat	44
cat	44
ifconfig	44
ifconfig	44
mkswap	44
mkswap	44
raidstart	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
chatter	44
chatter	44
init	44
mlabel	44
mlabel	44
raidstop	44
raidstop	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
chmod	44
chmod	44
insmod	44
insmod	44
mmd	44
rcp	44
rcp	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
chroot	44
chroot	44
less	44
less	44
mmount	44
mmount	44
rlogin	44
rlogin	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
clock	44
clock	44
ln	44
ln	44
mmove	44
mmove	44
rm	44
rm	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
collage	44
collage	44
loader	44
modprobe	44
modprobe	44
rmmod	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
cp	44
ls	44
ls	44
mount	44
mount	44
route	44
route	44
<TABLE ROW>	44
cpio	44
cpio	44
lsattr	44
lsattr	44
mpartition	44
mpartition	44
rpm	44
rpm	44

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Chapter 2

Linux System Setup and Recovery

Recovering Your Linux System

From this prompt, you can use the following commands:

NOTE

The

man

command is not available in rescue mode. Make sure you know

how to use all the above commands before you use rescue mode.

If your root ﬁlesystem is undamaged, you can mount it and then run any

Table 2-1

Linux Commands

anaconda

gzip

mke2fs.ext2

badblocks

head

mknod

python

bash

hwclock

mkraid

python1.5

cat

ifconfig

mkswap

raidstart

chatter

init

mlabel

raidstop

chmod

insmod

mmd

rcp

chroot

less

mmount

rlogin

clock

mmove

collage

loader

modprobe

rmmod

mount

route

cpio

lsattr

mpartition

rpm

lsmod

mrd

rsh

ddcprobe

mattrib

mread

sed

depmode

mbadblocks

mren

mcd

mshowfat

sync

e2fsck

mcopy

tac

fdisk

mdel

mtools

tail

fsck

mdeltree

mtype

tar

fsck.ext2

mdir

touch

ftp

mdu

mzip

traceroute

genhdlist

mformat

open

umount

gnome-pty-helper

minfo

pico

uncpio

grep

mkdir

ping

uniq

gunzip

mke2fs

probe

zcat