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Defect and error management

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9.0 Defect and error management Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation. SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error considerations (errors in communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides the following technologies used to increase data integrity and drive reliability: • Background Media Scan (see Section 9.4) • Auto-Reallocation (see Section 9.5) The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management routines. 9.1 Drive internal defects/errors During the initial drive manufacturing test operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable, and their locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the "P' list). At factory format time, these known defects are also deallocated, that is, marked as retired and the location listed in the defects reallocation table. The "P" list is not altered after factory formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment are listed in the "G" list (defects growth list). The "P" and "G" lists may be referenced by the initiator using the READ DEFECT DATA command. Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the SAS Interface Manual. Also, more information on the drive Error Recovery philosophy is presented in the SAS Interface Manual. The drive uses a vendor unique format to report defects via the READ DEFECT DATA command pending T10 standardization of a format for Solid State Devices. This format defect type is defined as 110b in the SCSI FORMAT UNIT command. The definition of the 110b format is defined in the following table. Table 11: SSD Physical format address descriptor Bit Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 (MSB) MEDIA ID 1 (LSB) 2 CHANNEL 3 DIE 4 (MSB) BLOCK 5 (LSB) 6 RESERVED 7 VENDOR UNIQUE The MEDIA ID field contains an identifier for the flash controller for devices that utilize more than one flash controller. The CHANNEL field contains the channel number within the corresponding Flash Controller. 38 Pulsar XT.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. B

Section	Page
1.0 Seagate Technology support services	9
2.0 Scope	10
3.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation	11
3.1 Standards	11
3.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility	11
3.1.1.1 Electromagnetic susceptibility	11
3.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance	12
3.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)	12
3.1.4 China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive	13
3.2 Reference documents	13
4.0 General description	14
4.1 Standard features	14
4.2 Media description	15
4.3 Performance	15
4.4 Reliability	15
4.5 Formatted capacities	16
4.6 Programmable drive capacity	16
4.7 Factory-installed options	16
4.8 Thin Provisioning	17
4.8.1 Logical Block Provisioning	17
4.8.2 Thin Provisioning capabilities	17
4.8.3 UNMAP	17
4.8.4 FORMAT UNIT command	17
4.8.5 Protection Information (PI) and Security (SED)	17
5.0 Performance characteristics	19
5.1 Internal drive characteristics	19
5.2 Performance characteristics	19
5.2.1 Access time	19
5.2.2 FORMAT UNIT command execution time for 512-byte LBA’s (minutes)	20
5.2.3 Performance	20
5.3 Start/stop time	21
5.4 Cache control	21
5.4.1 Caching write data	21
6.0 Reliability specifications	22
6.1 Error rates	22
6.1.1 Unrecoverable Errors	23
6.1.2 Interface errors	23
6.2 Endurance Management	23
6.2.1 Wear Leveling	23
6.2.2 Garbage Collection	23
6.2.3 Write Amplification	23
6.2.4 UNMAP	23
6.2.5 Data Retention	24
6.2.6 Lifetime Endurance Management	24
6.3 Reliability and service	24
6.3.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)	24
6.3.2 Preventive maintenance	24
6.3.3 Hot plugging the drive	24
6.3.4 S.M.A.R.T.	25
6.3.5 Thermal monitor	26
6.3.6 Drive Self Test (DST)	27
6.3.6.1 DST failure definition	27
6.3.6.2 Implementation	27
6.3.7 Product warranty	29
7.0 Physical/electrical specifications	30
7.1 Power specifications	30
7.1.1 Power consumption	30
7.2 AC power requirements	30
7.3 DC power requirements	31
7.3.1 Conducted noise immunity	34
7.3.2 Power sequencing	34
7.3.3 Current profiles	34
7.4 Power dissipation	36
7.5 Environmental limits	37
7.5.1 Temperature	37
7.5.2 Relative humidity	38
7.5.3 Effective altitude (sea level)	38
7.5.4 Shock and vibration	38
7.5.4.1 Shock	39
7.5.4.2 Vibration	40
7.5.5 Air cleanliness	40
7.5.6 Corrosive environment	40
7.5.7 Electromagnetic susceptibility	40
7.6 Mechanical specifications	41
8.0 About self-encrypting drives	43
8.1 Data encryption	43
8.2 Controlled access	43
8.2.1 Admin SP	43
8.2.2 Locking SP	44
8.2.3 Default password	44
8.3 Random number generator (RNG)	44
8.4 Drive locking	44
8.5 Data bands	44
8.6 Cryptographic erase	45
8.7 Authenticated firmware download	45
8.8 Power requirements	45
8.9 Supported commands	45
8.10 RevertSP	45
9.0 Defect and error management	46
9.1 Drive internal defects/errors	46
9.2 Drive error recovery procedures	47
9.3 SAS system errors	47
9.4 Background Media Scan	47
9.5 Auto-Reallocation	47
9.6 Protection Information (PI)	48
9.6.1 Levels of PI	48
9.6.2 Setting and determining the current Type Level	48
9.6.3 Identifying a Protection Information drive	48
10.0 Installation	49
10.1 Drive orientation	49
10.2 Cooling	50
10.3 Drive mounting	51
10.4 Grounding	51
11.0 Interface requirements	52
11.1 SAS features	52
11.1.1 Task management functions	52
11.1.2 Task management responses	52
11.2 Dual port support	53
11.3 SCSI commands supported	54
11.3.1 INQUIRY data	58
11.3.2 MODE SENSE data	58
11.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions	63
11.4.1 SAS physical interface	63
11.4.2 Physical characteristics	66
11.4.3 Connector requirements	66
11.4.4 Electrical description	66
11.4.5 Pin descriptions	66
11.4.6 SAS transmitters and receivers	67
11.4.7 Power	67
11.5 Signal characteristics	67
11.5.1 Ready LED Out	67
11.5.2 Differential signals	68
11.6 SAS-2 Specification compliance	68
11.7 Additional information	68
Numerics	69
A	69
B	69
C	69
D	69
E	69
F	70
G	70
H	70
I	70
J	70
L	70
M	70
N	71
O	71
P	71
Q	71
R	71
S	71
T	72
U	72
V	72
W	72

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Pulsar XT.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. B

9.0

Defect and error management

Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are

designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.

SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error

considerations (errors in communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides

the following technologies used to increase data integrity and drive reliability:

•

Background Media Scan (see Section 9.4)

•

Auto-Reallocation (see Section 9.5)

The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management

routines.

9.1

Drive internal defects/errors

During the initial drive manufacturing test operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being

unusable, and their locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list). At factory

format time, these known defects are also deallocated, that is, marked as retired and the location listed in the

defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not altered after factory formatting. Locations of defects found and

reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment are listed in the “G” list (defects growth list).

The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the READ DEFECT DATA command.

Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the

SAS Interface Manual

. Also, more

information on the drive Error Recovery philosophy is presented in the

SAS Interface Manual

The drive uses a vendor unique format to report defects via the READ DEFECT DATA command pending T10

standardization of a format for Solid State Devices. This format defect type is defined as 110b in the SCSI

FORMAT UNIT command. The definition of the 110b format is defined in the following table.

Table 11:

SSD Physical format address descriptor

Bit

Byte

(MSB)

MEDIA ID

(LSB)

CHANNEL

DIE

(MSB)

BLOCK

(LSB)

RESERVED

VENDOR UNIQUE

The MEDIA ID field contains an identifier for the flash controller for devices that utilize more than one flash

controller.

The CHANNEL field contains the channel number within the corresponding Flash Controller.