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Preventing unwanted e-mail and spam

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2 Chapter2. Preventing unwanted e-mail and spam Many users and administrators will agree that unwanted e-mail and spam is a problem for them. Where they don't always agree is on what approach to take to circumvent this disruption. One philosophy is to stop spam before it reaches the user; this avoids wasting the user's time dealing with rules or managing it at all. At the extreme end of this spectrum, the risk of having spam arrive in the user's mailbox outweighs the potential for false positives and the undelivered (real) mail associated with that All mail is suspect and scrutinized by the server for point of origin and content. Any messages not measuring up are discarded. Another philosophy is to let everything in and have the user sort out what is spam and what is real. The admin adopts a laissez-faire approach at the server level. Point of origin and content are not scrutinized, but the users are given tools to deal with unwanted mail. Many environments use a blend of the two philosophies to achieve the optimum spam prevention for their organization, and what constitutes the best anti-spam campaign differs from one organization to another. In this chapter we discuss some basic spam avoidance techniques, and how to select the right approach in your environment. One highly effective way for your © Copyright IBM Corp. 2003. All rights reserved. 7

Section	Page
Front cover	1
Contents	5
Notices	7
Trademarks	8
Preface	9
The team that wrote this redbook	9
Become a published author	11
Comments welcome	12
Chapter 1. Introduction	13
1.1 Definition of spam	14
1.2 Categorizing spam	14
Chapter 2. Preventing unwanted e-mail and spam	19
2.1 Spam avoidance techniques	20
2.1.1 Passive harvesting attacks	20
2.1.2 Avoiding harvesting	21
2.1.3 Confusing the harvesters	22
2.1.4 Inform Users	22
2.2 How to block spam	24
2.2.1 At the gateway	25
2.2.2 At the server	25
2.2.3 By the end user	26
2.2.4 Selecting the best approach	26
2.2.5 Managing the ongoing anti-spam campaign	27
2.2.6 Summary	28
Chapter 3. Domino 6 anti-spam architecture	29
3.1 The Domino messaging environment	30
3.2 Domino 6 messaging components	32
3.2.1 SMTP Listener/Server	33
3.2.2 Router	35
3.3 Domino 6 anti-spam configuration	35
3.3.1 Server configuration features	36
3.3.2 User configuration features	37
3.4 Common problems and solutions	37
Chapter 4. Domino 6 Server anti-spam features	41
4.1 How to detect spam	42
4.1.1 Examining the message properties	42
4.1.2 Separating legitimate e-mail from spam based on content	43
4.2 Controlling connections from spammers	44
4.2.1 DNS Blacklist filters	44
4.2.2 Inbound Intended Recipients Controls	48
4.2.3 Disable routing mail to groups	51
4.2.4 Inbound connection controls	53
4.2.5 Inbound sender controls	54
4.3 Controlling delivery of spam	57
4.3.1 Server mail rules	57
4.4 Controlling use of your server as a relay	66
4.4.1 Inbound relay controls	66
4.4.2 Inbound relay enforcement	71
4.5 Protecting your Domino server from active address harvesting attacks	74
4.5.1 SMTP harvesting attacks	74
4.5.2 Spam mail bombing	74
4.5.3 Direct SMTP RCPT TO harvesting	74
4.5.4 Defending against active attacks	75
Chapter 5. Using mail file rules to prevent spam	77
5.1 Distinguishing between spam and legitimate e-mail	78
5.2 Mail file rules	80
5.2.1 Setting up mail file rules	80
5.2.2 Developing anti-spam mail file rules	83
5.2.3 Viewing mail rules and the evaluation sequence	89
5.2.4 Monitoring mail file rules	90
Chapter 6. Third party anti-spam products	93
6.1 Anti-spam products for Notes and Domino	94
6.1.1 spamJam for Lotus Notes and Domino	94
6.1.2 SpamEraser for Lotus Notes and Domino 6	97
6.1.3 iQ.Suite	100
6.1.4 ScanMail for Lotus Notes with eManager	101
6.1.5 XM SpamStop	104
6.1.6 Other anti-spam products for Notes and Domino	106
6.2 Anti-spam server and gateway products and services	106
6.2.1 BrightMail Anti-Spam 4.0 from BrightMail, Inc.	106
6.2.2 ActiveState PureMessage	107
6.2.3 Trend Micro Inc. products	109
6.2.4 Other anti-spam server or gateway products and services	110
Related publications	111
IBM Redbooks	111
Referenced Web sites	111
How to get IBM Redbooks	112
IBM Redbooks collections	112
Index	113

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Preventing unwanted e-mail

and spam

Many users and administrators will agree that unwanted e-mail and spam is a

problem for them. Where they don't always agree is on what approach to take to

circumvent this disruption.

One philosophy is to stop spam before it reaches the user; this avoids wasting

the user's time dealing with rules or managing it at all. At the extreme end of this

spectrum, the risk of having spam arrive in the user's mailbox outweighs the

potential for false positives and the undelivered (real) mail associated with that -

All mail is suspect and scrutinized by the server for point of origin and content.

Any messages not measuring up are discarded.

Another philosophy is to let everything in and have the user sort out what is spam

and what is real. The admin adopts a laissez-faire approach at the server level.

Point of origin and content are not scrutinized, but the users are given tools to

deal with unwanted mail.

Many environments use a blend of the two philosophies to achieve the optimum

spam prevention for their organization, and what constitutes the best anti-spam

campaign differs from one organization to another.

In this chapter we discuss some basic spam avoidance techniques, and how to

select the right approach in your environment. One highly effective way for your