Seagate ST33000651SS Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual - Page 46

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Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. C

10.0

Defect and error management

Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are

designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.

SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error

considerations (errors in communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides

the following technologies used to increase data integrity and drive reliability:

•

Background Media Scan (see Section 10.4)

•

Media Pre-Scan (see Section 10.5)

•

Deferred Auto-Reallocation (see Section 10.6)

•

Idle Read After Write (see Section 10.7)

The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management

routines.

10.1

Drive internal defects/errors

During the initial drive format operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable,

and their locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list and also as the ETF

defect list). At factory format time, these known defects are also reallocated, that is, reassigned to a new place

on the medium and the location listed in the defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not altered after factory

formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment

are listed in the “G” list (defects growth list). The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the

Read Defect Data command.

Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the

SAS Interface Manual

. Also, more

information on the drive Error Recovery philosophy is presented in the


.

10.2

Drive error recovery procedures

When an error occurs during drive operation, the drive, if programmed to do so, performs error recovery

procedures to attempt to recover the data. The error recovery procedures used depend on the options

previously set in the Error Recovery Parameters mode page. Error recovery and defect management may

involve using several SCSI commands described in the


. The drive implements

selectable error recovery time limits required in video applications.

The error recovery scheme supported by the drive provides a way to control the total error recovery time for the

entire command in addition to controlling the recovery level for a single LBA. The total amount of time spent in

error recovery for a command can be limited using the Recovery Time Limit bytes in the Error Recovery mode

page. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a single LBA can be limited using the Read Retry

Count or Write Retry Count bytes in the Error Recovery mode page.

The drive firmware error recovery algorithms consist of 12 levels for read recoveries and five levels for write.

Each level may consist of multiple steps, where a step is defined as a recovery function involving a single re-

read or re-write attempt. The maximum level used by the drive in LBA recovery is determined by the read and

write retry counts.

Section	Page
1.0 Seagate Technology support services	9
2.0 Scope	10
3.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation	11
3.1 Standards	11
3.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility	11
3.1.1.1 Electromagnetic susceptibility	11
3.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance	12
3.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)	13
3.1.4 China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive	13
3.2 Reference documents	14
4.0 General description	15
4.1 Standard features	16
4.2 Media description	16
4.3 Performance	16
4.4 Reliability	17
4.5 Formatted capacities	17
4.6 Programmable drive capacity	17
4.7 Factory-installed options	17
5.0 Performance characteristics	18
5.1 Internal drive characteristics	18
5.2 Seek performance characteristics	18
5.2.1 Access time	18
5.2.2 Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes)	19
5.2.3 General performance characteristics	19
5.3 Start/stop time	19
5.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control	20
5.5 Cache operation	20
5.5.1 Caching write data	21
5.5.2 Prefetch operation	21
6.0 Reliability specifications	22
6.1 Error rates	22
6.1.1 Recoverable Errors	22
6.1.2 Unrecoverable Errors	22
6.1.3 Seek errors	23
6.1.4 Interface errors	23
6.2 Reliability and service	23
6.2.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)	23
6.2.2 Preventive maintenance	23
6.2.3 Hot plugging the drive	23
6.2.4 S.M.A.R.T.	24
6.2.5 Thermal monitor	25
6.2.6 Drive Self Test (DST)	26
6.2.6.1 DST failure definition	26
6.2.6.2 Implementation	26
6.2.7 Product warranty	28
7.0 Physical/electrical specifications	29
7.1 PowerChoiceTM power management	29
7.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods	30
7.2 AC power requirements	30
7.3 DC power requirements	30
7.3.1 Conducted noise immunity	32
7.3.2 Power sequencing	32
7.3.3 Current profiles	33
7.4 Power dissipation	34
7.5 Environmental limits	36
7.5.1 Temperature	36
7.5.2 Relative humidity	36
7.5.3 Effective altitude (sea level)	37
7.5.4 Shock and vibration	37
7.5.4.1 Shock	37
7.5.4.2 Vibration	39
7.5.5 Acoustics	39
7.5.6 Air cleanliness	39
7.5.7 Corrosive environment	39
7.5.8 Electromagnetic susceptibility	40
7.6 Mechanical specifications	41
8.0 About FIPS	42
9.0 About self-encrypting drives	43
9.1 Data encryption	43
9.2 Controlled access	43
9.2.1 Admin SP	43
9.2.2 Locking SP	43
9.2.3 Default password	44
9.3 Random number generator (RNG)	44
9.4 Drive locking	44
9.5 Data bands	44
9.6 Cryptographic erase	44
9.7 Authenticated firmware download	45
9.8 Power requirements	45
9.9 Supported commands	45
9.10 RevertSP	45
10.0 Defect and error management	46
10.1 Drive internal defects/errors	46
10.2 Drive error recovery procedures	46
10.3 SAS system errors	47
10.4 Background Media Scan	47
10.5 Media Pre-Scan	48
10.6 Deferred Auto-Reallocation	48
10.7 Idle Read After Write	48
10.8 Protection Information (PI)	49
10.8.1 Levels of PI	49
10.8.2 Setting and determining the current Type Level	49
10.8.3 Identifying a Protection Information drive	49
11.0 Installation	50
11.1 Drive orientation	50
11.2 Cooling	51
11.3 Drive mounting	52
11.4 Grounding	52
12.0 Interface requirements	53
12.1 SAS features	53
12.1.1 task management functions	53
12.1.2 task management responses	53
12.2 Dual port support	54
12.3 SCSI commands supported	55
12.3.1 Inquiry data	59
12.3.2 Mode Sense data	59
12.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions	62
12.4.1 SAS physical interface	63
12.4.2 Physical characteristics	66
12.4.3 Connector requirements	66
12.4.4 Electrical description	66
12.4.5 Pin descriptions	66
12.4.6 SAS transmitters and receivers	67
12.4.7 Power	67
12.5 Signal characteristics	67
12.5.1 Ready LED Out	67
12.5.2 Differential signals	68
12.6 SAS-2 Specification Compliance	68
12.7 Additional information	68
Numerics	69
A	69
B	69
C	69
D	69
E	70
F	70
G	70
H	70
I	70
J	70
K	70
L	71
M	71
N	71
O	71
P	71
Q	72
R	72
S	72
T	72
U	73
V	73
W	73

Seagate ST33000651SS Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual - Page 46

Defect and error management

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