Yamaha RX-V2095 Owner's Manual - Page 66

ADVANCED FEATURES Creating your own sound fields What is a sound field? In order to explain the impressive functions of the DSP, we need to first understand what a sound field really is. What really creates the rich, full tones of a live instrument are the multiple reflections from the walls of the room. In addition to making the sound "live", these reflections enable us to tell where the player is situated, and the size and shape of the room in which we are sitting. We can even tell whether it is highly reflective with steel and glass surfaces, or more absorbent with wood panels, carpeting and curtains. The elements of a sound field In any environment, in addition to the direct sound coming straight to our ears from the player's instrument, there are two distinct types of sound reflections that combine to make up the sound field: (1) Early Reflections. Reflected sounds reach our ears extremely rapidly (50 ms - 100 ms after the direct sound), after reflecting from one surface only-for example, from the ceiling or a wall. These reflections fall into specific patterns as shown in the diagram on page 64 for any particular environment, and provide vital information to our ears. Early reflections actually add clarity to the direct sound. (2) Reverberations. These are caused by reflections from more than one surface-walls, ceiling, the back of the room-so numerous that they merge together to form a continuous sonic "afterglow". They are non-directional, and lessen the clarity of the direct sound. Direct sound, early reflections and subsequent reverberation taken together help us to determine the subjective size and shape of the room, and it is this information that the DSP reproduces in order to create sound fields. If you could create the appropriate early reflections and subsequent reverberations in your listening room, you would be able to create your own listening environment. The acoustics in your room could be changed to those of a concert hall, a dance floor, or virtually any size room at all. This ability to create sound fields at will is exactly what Yamaha has done with the DSP. DSP programs consist of some parameters to determine apparent room size, reverberation time, distance from you to the performer, etc. In each program, these parameters are preset with values precisely calculated by Yamaha to create the sound field unique for the program. It is recommended to use DSP programs without changing values of parameters, however, this unit also allows you to create your own sound fields. Starting with one of the built-in programs, you can adjust those parameters. Even if the power cord of this unit is disconnected from the AC outlet, your custom sound fields will remain in the DSP's memory for about two weeks. The following page details how to make your own sound fields. In addition to the "TYPE" parameter which selects the subprograms within each DSP program (for example, "Europe Hall A", and "Europe Hall B" for the program 1, "CONCERT HALL 1"), each program also has a set of parameters that allow you to change the characteristics of the acoustic environment to precisely create the effect you want. These parameters correspond to the many natural acoustic factors that create the sound field you experience in an actual concert hall or other listening environment. The size of the room, for example, affects the length of time between the "early reflections"-that is, the first few widely spaced reflections you hear after the direct sound. The "ROOM SIZE" parameter provided in many of the DSP programs alters the timing between these reflections, thus changing the shape of the "room" you hear. In addition to room size, the shape of the room and the characteristics of its surfaces have a significant effect on the final sound. Surfaces that absorb sound, for example, cause the reflections and reverberations to die out quicker, while highly reflective surfaces allow the reflections to carry on for a longer period of time. The DSP parameters allow you to control these and many other factors that contribute to your personal sound field, allowing you to essentially "redesign" the concert halls, theaters, etc. provided to create custom-tailored listening environments that ideally match your mood and music. Refer to "Descriptions of the digital sound field parameters" on pages 64 to 66 for a description of what each parameter does, how it effects the sound, and its control range. 62