Adobe 22001438 Accessibility Guide

Adobe 22001438 - Acrobat - PC Manual

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  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 1
    Creating Accessible PDF Documents with Adobe Acrobat 7.0 A Guide for Publishing PDF Documents for Use by People with Disabilities Ë
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 2
    Incorporated. All rights reserved. Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, Adobe PDF, Capture, FrameMaker, InDesign, LiveCycle, PageMaker, and Reader are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. Apple and Mac OS are trademarks
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 3
    Contents Introduction Purpose of this guide 1 Audience for this guide 1 Software described in this guide 1 Adobe PDF software described in this guide 1 Authoring applications described in this guide 2 Acrobat system requirements 2 Accessibility tools in Windows 2 Accessibility tools in Mac OS
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    edit the tag tree to fix advanced problems 14 Section 4: Creating tagged Adobe PDF documents from word-processing and desktop publishing applications Options for converting to Adobe PDF from authoring applications 16 Using Acrobat PDFMaker in non Adobe applications (Windows only 16 Using the Save
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    descriptions 42 Setting and testing the tab order 42 Using LiveCycle Designer to create accessible Adobe PDF forms 42 The LiveCycle Designer workflow 42 Using Acrobat 7.0 Professional to make Adobe PDF forms accessible 44 Step 1: Add fillable form fields and descriptions 44 Step 2: Set the tab
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    problems 82 Starting over on a page 84 Finishing the Adobe PDF document for accessibility 84 Section 12: Adding other accessibility features Other accessibility features in Acrobat screen readers 90 Adding a watermark to an Adobe PDF document 90 Finishing the Adobe PDF accessibility workflow
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    Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems When to use the techniques in this section 93 How to read an Adobe PDF document's tag tree 93 The reading order of complex pages 104 Appendix: Standard tags for Adobe PDF documents An extensible tags architecture 106 Block-level elements 106
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    also available in Acrobat 7.0 Standard. To better understand how people with disabilities will experience your accessible PDF documents, consult this guide's companion document, Using Accessible PDF Documents with Adobe Reader 7.0: A Guide for People with Disabilities. You can download the document
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    PDF documents. Acrobat 7.0 Standard supports only a few of the techniques that this guide describes. • Adobe LiveCycle™ Designer. This application is ideal for creating interactive PDF forms and making them accessible; it is available separately or as part of Acrobat 7.0 Professional. • Adobe PDF
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 3 Introduction Summary of the sections in this guide Section 1: Accessibility and Adobe PDF This section defines accessibility, its importance to individuals who read Adobe PDF documents, and the characteristics of accessible PDF documents. Section 2: Understanding tagging and
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    7.0 4 Introduction Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems This section describes the two Acrobat tools that you should use for checking the extent of accessibility in Adobe PDF documents. These tools enable you to identify figures that are missing alternate text
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    single column in Acrobat or Adobe Reader for easier reading. This same functionality also enables users to read PDF documents on part of an accessible PDF form helps all users complete the form more easily. Why accessibility is important for Adobe PDF documents By creating accessible Adobe PDF
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    of Acrobat, Adobe Reader, and the content of PDF documents. Since 1997, for instance, Adobe has maintained the www.adobe.com/accessibility website (formerly access.adobe.com), which offers free PDF-to-text and PDF-to-HTML conversion services. In 2001, Adobe enhanced the PDF specification
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    you must use Acrobat 7.0 Professional. 9. The security settings don't interfere with screen readers The final characteristic of an accessible Adobe PDF document is that its security settings do not interfere with screen readers. You can typically specify that no part of an accessible PDF document is
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    When you properly apply tagging and document structure in an accessible Adobe PDF document, you pave the way for users of assistive technology to read and navigate the document easily and reliably in Adobe Reader or Acrobat. Many people with disabilities depend on assistive technology to convey the
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    applied to a particular element. To view the tag tree (Acrobat 7.0 Professional only): 1 Open an Adobe PDF document that has been tagged. 2 Choose View > Navigation advanced accessibility problems" on page 92. Note: Some PDF documents show tags in the tag tree, even though Acrobat does not consider
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 17
    after it has been converted to PDF, use the Add Tags To Document command in Acrobat 7.0. This command works on any untagged PDF document, such as a document that has been printed to PDF by using Adobe PDF Printer. Acrobat analyzes the content of the PDF document to interpret the individual page
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    accessibility problems for any PDF document in Acrobat Professional by using an accessibility Full Check or the TouchUp Reading Order tool. Fixing errors in tagging and reading order requires Acrobat 7.0 Professional and the techniques that are described in the rest of this guide. Visit the Adobe
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 19
    is scan-based (a paper document, an image-only Adobe PDF document, or an image file) Follow the instructions in "Section 5: Converting scans to accessible Adobe PDF content" on page 28 to capture or convert the document to Adobe PDF in Acrobat (if needed), and to apply optical character recognition
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 20
    " on page 32. • Web pages. Read "Section 7: Creating tagged Adobe PDF documents from web pages" on page 36 for instructions on properly converting web and HTML pages to tagged PDF documents. Note: If you intend to design PDF forms, Adobe recommends using LiveCycle Designer, which is dedicated to the
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    these tasks, you must use the accessibility Full Check, the TouchUp Reading Order tool, and other features in Acrobat Professional. Follow the instructions in "Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems" on page 52 and "Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging
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    of the options that are available for converting files to Adobe PDF from authoring applications, and offers tips for preparing files , the amount of follow-up work you must do in Acrobat 7.0 to optimize the accessibility of PDF documents. The information in this section applies to Microsoft Office
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    Adobe Windows products support Acrobat PDFMaker 7.0 for creating Adobe PDF documents. This tool is installed as a command, menu, and/or a toolbar within many authoring applications, including Microsoft Office applications. Acrobat PDFMaker is installed as part of Acrobat 7.0 Professional and Acrobat
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    Table feature to simulate multicolumn text. Columns translate cleanly to a tagged Adobe PDF document, while tabs and tables often require manual repair work with the TouchUp Reading Order tool or the tag tree in Acrobat Professional. • (Windows only) Create live hyperlinks and cross-references, and
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    pages, make headers repeat to help readers follow the flow of information. To do this in Word, turn on the Repeat As Header Row At The Top Of Each Page option for the table. • If you are creating an untagged Adobe PDF document for later tagging in Acrobat 7.0, add rules around the table and
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    from the Office application by using Adobe PDF Printer. Add fillable form fields in Acrobat Professional, and then tag the file by using Acrobat Professional or Adobe PDF Forms Access. See "Section 8: Making Adobe PDF forms accessible" on page 39 for instructions. Before you convert a file to
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    the content available to assistive technology, such as screen readers. This option is on by default. If you Acrobat PDFMaker to create tagged Adobe PDF documents (Windows only) Below are instructions for using Acrobat PDFMaker to convert Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel files to tagged Adobe PDF
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    current worksheet. • Select the Convert To Adobe PDF button on the toolbar. Note for Excel files: If PDFMaker anticipates that it will have problems generating tags, links, or bookmarks from the Excel file, warning messages appear. You can either follow the instructions in the messages to modify the
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 22 Section 4: Creating tagged Adobe PDF documents from word-processing and desktop publishing applications of-sequence tag structures and illogical document reading order, which causes problems for screen readers. • Leave ancillary content unthreaded. Some textual elements really do
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    is to be fillable, first produce an untagged PDF document from InDesign CS by using Adobe PDF Printer. Add fillable form fields in Acrobat Professional, and then tag the file by using Acrobat or Adobe PDF Forms Access. See "Section 8: Making Adobe PDF forms accessible" on page 39 for instructions.
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    the following: • At the top of the Export PDF dialog box, select Acrobat 5 (PDF 1.4) or later from the Compatibility drop-down menu. (Earlier versions of Acrobat cannot read tags; if you select Acrobat 4 (PDF 1.3), the file is still readable by screen readers.) • View the General pane of the Export
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    alternate text to imported graphics To make a graphic accessible to screen readers in a FrameMaker document, apply one of the following alternate-text to tagged Adobe PDF documents You convert FrameMaker files to tagged Adobe PDF documents by using Adobe PDF Printer and the Generate Acrobat Data
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    by using Acrobat Professional or Adobe PDF Forms Access. See "Section 8: Making Adobe PDF forms accessible" on page 39 for instructions. To create accessible Adobe PDF documents from a PageMaker document: 1 Open the PageMaker document. 2 Choose File > Export > Adobe PDF. 3 In the PDF Options dialog
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    creating a tagged Adobe PDF document is only part of the PDF accessibility workflow. Regardless of what application you use to create the PDF document, you should also perform the following steps in Acrobat Professional to ensure the accessibility of the PDF document: 1 Check the PDF document for
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 35
    and accessibility. The information in this section applies to Acrobat 7.0 Professional and Acrobat 7.0 Standard. Where you are in the PDF accessibility workflow The three starting points for scans When you convert scans to accessible Adobe PDF documents, you will start with one of the following
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    image-only Adobe PDF documents are not accessible to screen readers until you apply OCR to them. The content is merely a graphic, rather than text that assistive technology can read and interpret. To assistive technology, an image-only page is a blank page. Acrobat Professional and Acrobat Standard
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    while capturing the scan, you must activate the Formatted Text & Graphics setting, as previously described in "Applying OCR to image-only Adobe PDF scans" on page 29, so that Acrobat processes both text and graphics. In this workflow, this setting is available when you click Settings in the Create
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 38
    Section 5: Converting scans to accessible Adobe PDF content For instructions on converting files to PDF, applying OCR, and checking for OCR suspects, see "Creating Adobe PDF documents from paper documents" in Acrobat 7.0 Help. Note: If your enterprise has a large number of already-scanned files that
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 39
    into a single Adobe PDF document either during or after conversion to PDF. It also explains the effect of these changes on the tag tree, and how to plan ahead when combining documents, so as to avoid as much repair of the tag tree as possible. The instructions in this section apply to both Acrobat
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 40
    finished inserting, replacing, and deleting pages. See "Section 9: Adding tags to Adobe PDF documents" on page 48 for instructions. Keep in mind that when you combine PDF pages or documents by inserting, replacing, and deleting PDF pages, Acrobat accepts the existing tags into the tag tree of the
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    one folder and select all the files in Windows Explorer or in the Mac OS desktop. Open the context menu and choose Combine In Adobe Acrobat. This command launches Acrobat and then opens the Create PDF From Multiple Documents dialog box, where you can set the desired order of the files for the new
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 35 Section 6: Creating a single tagged Adobe PDF document from multiple documents The Create PDF From Multiple Documents dialog box Finishing the Adobe PDF document for accessibility Remember that creating a tagged Adobe PDF document from multiple documents is only one part of the
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    have saved to a hard drive. The information in this section applies to Acrobat 7.0 Professional. Where you are in the PDF accessibility workflow What to expect when converting web pages to tagged Adobe PDF documents An Adobe PDF document that you create from a web page is only as accessible as the
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    PDF document The Adobe PDF button on the Internet Explorer toolbar For more information about the many options that are available when you convert to PDF from web pages, see "Converting web pages in Internet Explorer (Windows)" and "Creating Adobe PDF documents from downloaded web pages" in Acrobat
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    documents from web pages Finishing the Adobe PDF document for accessibility Remember that creating a tagged Adobe PDF document from a web page is only the first part of the accessibility workflow. You should also perform the following steps in Acrobat Professional to ensure the accessibility of the
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    , by using the Forms tools in Acrobat 7.0 Professional, and by using Adobe PDF Forms Access. The instructions in this section apply to Acrobat 7.0 Professional, LiveCycle Designer (available separately or as part of Acrobat 7.0 Professional), and Adobe PDF Forms Access (a standalone utility that is
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 47
    in Acrobat Professional. Both Acrobat and Adobe Reader can open and read PDF forms that you create from LiveCycle Designer. These PDF forms, however, do not include permissions to modify the file, so you cannot perform any other accessibility tasks that are described in this guide on PDF forms
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    may run together into a single line that screen readers can't interpret as individual labels. Such reading order problems can require time-consuming work in Acrobat Professional to split the labels apart. In this case, producing an untagged PDF form from the authoring application is sometimes the
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    like "First name." Descriptions should not contain instructions such as "Enter . . . ." Setting and testing the tab order The tab order for form fields enables people with disabilities to use a keyboard to move from field to field in a logical order. In Adobe PDF forms, you should set the tab order
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    including static (nonfillable) Adobe PDF (Acrobat) forms, dynamic (fillable) PDF forms, and Adobe XML forms. To create a tagged form, you must select Generate Accessibility Information (Tags) For Acrobat in the Save As dialog box. See "Saving forms for Acrobat and Adobe Reader" in LiveCycle Designer
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    Screen readers will read this text aloud to the user. (You can also use the TouchUp Reading Order tool to add descriptions to form fields, as described in "Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems" on page 59.) See "Creating Adobe PDF forms" in Acrobat 7.0 Help for instructions
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    85. 4 Edit the tag tree to repair complex problems. See "Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems" on page 92. Using Adobe PDF Forms Access to tag Adobe PDF forms Adobe PDF Forms Access is a standalone application that is part of the Acrobat Capture 3.0 Agent Pack. It can be run alongside
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    right sequence in the tag tree. Because a screen reader reads the elements of a tag tree in order down the tree, you may need to edit the tree to reflect a logical sequence, so that the final order makes sense to a listener. For instructions on editing the tag tree, see Adobe PDF Forms Access Help.
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    Acrobat 7.0 Professional. Step 3: Finish the Adobe PDF document for accessibility Remember that creating a tagged and fillable form is only part of the Adobe PDF problems. See "Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems" on page 59. 3 Add other features to optimize the PDF
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    documents This section describes the basic steps for adding tags to untagged Adobe PDF documents in Acrobat. Although using Acrobat to tag a document is not the optimal method for preparing a PDF document for accessibility, it is a mandatory step when you do not have access to the source file of an
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    the instructions in this section to tag the document. If the setting is Yes, go to "Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems" on page 52 to perform the next step in the PDF accessibility workflow. Note: A PDF document may show tags in the Tags tab, even though Acrobat
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    in Acrobat Professional and the instructions in Sections 10 to 13 of this guide. the reader, you would add the missing alternate text. Note: The Add Tags Report highlights tagging-related problems in Acrobat Professional. See "Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems" on
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    3 In the Tags tab, choose Options > Delete tag. Finishing the Adobe PDF document for accessibility Remember that creating a tagged Adobe PDF document is only part of the PDF accessibility workflow. You should also perform the following steps in Acrobat Professional to ensure the accessibility of the
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    highlights global accessibility problems, such as whether all the fonts in the document are accessible to screen readers. The information in this section applies to both Adobe Acrobat 7.0 Professional and Acrobat 7.0 Standard unless otherwise noted. Where you are in the PDF accessibility workflow
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 53 Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems Note: The TouchUp Reading Order tool in Acrobat Professional enables you to closely examine and fix reading order problems. This tool is described in detail in "Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 54 Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems The Accessibility Full if the figure is important for the reader, you would add the missing alternate text. Similarly, Full Check might report that a running header is not part of the tag tree. You can leave
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 55 Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems Viewing the Comments tab of the navigation pane. Note: You must delete all accessibility comments from the PDF document after you repair the accessibility issues. To delete all comments at once, open the
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    . Fonts must contain enough information for Adobe Reader and Acrobat to correctly extract all the characters to text for assistive technology. If one or more fonts don't allow for the correct extraction of all the characters, the Adobe PDF document is inaccessible, and you should stop working on
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    problems" on page 59 for instructions. To use Reflow view: • To reflow a document, choose View > Reflow. • To exit Reflow view, either choose View > Reflow again, or select any other view, such as Actual Size, Fit Page, or Fit Width. Other ways to check the reading order Acrobat and Adobe Reader
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    7.0 58 Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems • Open the PDF document while using a screen reader, if you have one. Use this method to listen to the reading order of the document. Adobe Reader also supports screen readers. • (Acrobat Professional only) Use the TouchUp
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    PDF accessibility workflow When to use the TouchUp Reading Order tool The TouchUp Reading Order tool provides the easiest and quickest way to fix reading order and basic tagging problems in Acrobat reading order of page content (necessary for screen readers and Reflow view) • To properly tag fillable
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    tag tree. See "Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems" on page 92 for instructions. The TouchUp Reading Order tool is primarily intended for repairing Adobe PDF documents that you tagged by using Acrobat, not for repairing PDF documents that you tagged during conversion from an authoring
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 61 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems The numbering of the highlighted regions on a page indicates the reading order of the content. Each highlighted region corresponds to a numbered entry in the Order tab. How the TouchUp Reading Order tool and the
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 62 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Some pages show many highlighted Page Content Order. Selecting this option shows page elements as numbered highlighted regions. The sequence of numbering indicates the reading order. Click the color swatch at the
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 63 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems 9: Adding tags to Adobe PDF documents" on page 48 for instructions. The TouchUp Reading Order Use this option to add or edit descriptive text that screen readers can read aloud. • Edit Form Field Text. This option is
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 64 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems TouchUp Reading Order preferences The Preferences dialog box (Edit > Preferences) has a TouchUp category that lets you select how Acrobat the numbered regions. Note any reading order and accessibility problems, such
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 65 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Four basic techniques you must know to fix reading order problems the Adobe PDF document number that is in the upper left corner of a highlighted region (the cursor becomes a hand). If the Order tab is open, Acrobat
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 66 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems To select a highlighted region in the Order 3 Select a numbered entry in the list. Each numbered entry represents a highlighted region; the number of the region is in brackets ([ ]). Acrobat highlights the region on
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 67 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems as a figure. Screen readers will not read any text that is defined as part of a figure, including to help users navigate the document. • Table. Instructs Acrobat to analyze the selection to determine the location of
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 68 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems To apply a new tag to a highlighted region the tag cannot be moved. 4 Release the mouse at the desired target location, and Acrobat renumbers the reading order in the Order tab and on the page. Note: You can also
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 69 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Fixing common problems All instructions in this that are meaningful to the document's content should be tagged for reading by screen readers. In this example, the page has many elements that add visual interest to
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 70 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Note: Although you can select multiple highlighted regions and tag them all at once as Background, doing so may cause Acrobat file from within Acrobat. In this sample page, the caption text became part of Highlighted
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 71 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems EXAMPLE 3. Tagging incompletely tagged figures Tagging in Acrobat occasionally separates figures and the text elements that they contain into more than one highlighted region. This may happen, for instance, when a
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 72 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems EXAMPLE 4. Fixing improperly grouped columns When you tag multicolumn files by using the Add Tags To Document command, Acrobat sometimes combines all the columns into one highlighted region. Screen readers cannot
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 73 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems EXAMPLE 5. Fixing improperly grouped this problem. Although the final highlighted regions overlap, the resulting reading order is correct (presuming at top-to-bottom, left-to-right reading order). A screen reader will
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 74 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems EXAMPLE 6. Tagging and fixing form fields and text labels PDF 7 and 8 for instructions. Problem: Field labels in a form have been incorrectly merged and form fields are not tagged as part of the reading order
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 75 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Fixing reading order problems . This section illustrates two examples of page number (highlighted reader would read this text from top to bottom, left to right, and present this content correctly to the user. Problem
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    adjust the reading order, Acrobat recalculates all of the regions on the page and renumbers them as appropriate. Although this page has several places where the reading order is incorrect, fixing it requires only three rearrangements in the Order tab, as illustrated below. Problem: Content isn't in
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 77 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Solution: Start at the left column on the page. In the Order tab, move the entry for region number 4 into the number 1 position in the reading order (top). After Acrobat adjusts the reading order, the second portion
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 78 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Solution, continued. After Acrobat adjusts the reading order, the left column is in the correct reading order, but regions number 4 and 3 are not in the correct order (top). To fix this problem in one step, drag the
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 79 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems EXAMPLE 9. Changing the reading order near where they are discussed in the reading order (upper left). Solution: Click the number of the highlighted region (upper right) and drag the mouse to place the text-insertion
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    "Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems" on page 92. EXAMPLE 10. Adding alternate text to figures Alternate text is meant to provide meaningful descriptions of graphical elements that illustrate important concepts in the document. A screen reader cannot recognize figures unless you add
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    should not contain instructions such as "Enter . . . ." Note: Do not edit the tag tree to add alternate text (which is different from a description) to a Form tag; doing so is a serious accessibility error, for screen readers never find out about the form field. Problem: A form field needs
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    , screen readers, by their very nature, can only present information sequentially. For this reason, it is especially important that you correctly tag tables. Acrobat may have trouble correctly recognizing and tagging complex tables. Use the TouchUp Reading Order tool to correct basic problems such
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    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 83 Section 11: Repairing reading order and basic tagging problems Solution: Select all the content in the table (top) and tag it as Table (second row). This tags the entire table (third row), which you can then check for the accuracy of its cell tagging (bottom).
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    basic tagging problems Starting over on a page Adding tags to an Adobe PDF document in Acrobat sometimes results in Adobe PDF document for accessibility Remember that fixing the reading order is only part of the Adobe PDF accessibility workflow. You should also perform the following steps in Acrobat
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    Adobe PDF document that you have checked for reading order and that contains alternate text for figures and descriptions for form fields. The techniques in this section will help you achieve optimal accessibility by using the other standard accessibility features in Acrobat. For advanced problems
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    a page. (If the PDF document has form fields, you should have already done this step as part of the workflow, as described in "Section 8: Making Adobe PDF forms accessible" on page dialog box. For instructions on using bookmarks, see "Adding navigability to Adobe PDF documents" in Acrobat 7.0 Help.
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    to screen readers. You do not need to do this step in the workflow unless you would like to add more links, such as to convert the entries in a table of contents to hyperlinks. • If you tagged the PDF document in Acrobat according to the instructions in "Section 9: Adding tags to Adobe PDF documents
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    Creating links by using Acrobat Standard does not generate any tags for the links. Note: If you have already used the Links tool or the Create From URLs In Document command on a tagged PDF document, see "Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems" on page 92 for instructions on creating the
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    than go to "http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/solutionsacc.html." For instructions on how to add alternate text to links in the tag tree, see "Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems" on page 92. Setting the document language Setting a language for an Adobe PDF document improves its
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 97
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 90 Section 12: Adding other accessibility features Setting security settings so they don't interfere with screen readers In the Security tab of the Document Properties dialog box, you can choose a security method to specify that no part of the accessible Adobe PDF document is to be
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    screen reader, or use one of Acrobat's features to verify the reading order, as described in "Section 10: Evaluating Adobe PDF documents for accessibility problems" fix the logical reading order of complex pages For instructions on how to perform any of these tasks in the tag tree,
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 99
    the tag tree of an Adobe PDF document to add specific accessibility features or to fix complex accessibility problems. You can edit the tag Acrobat 7.0 Help for basic information about working with tags, and it offers additional instruction and tips that are relevant to using the tag tree to make PDF
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 100
    , use the operating system's screen reader (if one is available), or follow the instructions under "Checking and fixing the reading order of complex pages" on page 104 to go line by line down the tag tree to check the reading order of a page. How to read an Adobe PDF document's tag tree Tagging an
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 101
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 94 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems The tag tree of a PDF document has child and parent elements. Here the Tags tab is docked in the navigation pane. The Tags tab can also be a floating window. Tags in an Adobe PDF document are similar to the markup in HTML, in
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 102
    7.0 95 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems For instructions on how to navigate and select items in the tag tree, see "Advanced tools for correcting tagging errors" in Acrobat 7.0 Help. For a list of standard tag types that apply to Adobe PDF documents, see "Appendix: Standard tags for
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 103
    Acrobat highlights the tag that corresponds to the selected content (right) Creating tags for links that you made active late in the workflow Note: If you have followed the Adobe PDF accessibility workflow that is described in this guide , by following the instructions below. An incompletely tagged
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 104
    links can help users immensely. For example, by adding alternate text you can have a screen reader tell a user to go to "the Acrobat accessibility page of adobe.com" rather than go to "http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/solutionsacc.html." You add alternate text to the tag of a link. See
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 105
    later pages present an accessibility problem, because assistive technology generally reads instructions on rearranging tags in the tag tree, see "Advanced tools for correcting tagging errors" in Acrobat 7.0 Help. Deleting tags When you replace or delete pages in a tagged Adobe PDF document, Acrobat
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 106
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 99 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems Note: There is no Undo command that you tagged by using the Links tool or the Create From URLs In Document command on a tagged PDF document (as described in "Creating tags for links that you made active late in the workflow" on
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 107
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 100 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems To add tags that are to have content to tags that do not have child tags. Adding expansion text to a parent tag prevents a screen reader from reading any of that tag's child tags. To add expansion text: 1 Using the Select tool,
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 108
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 101 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems Adding expansion text to an abbreviation a page element, and the language applies to all the text that is within that element. Acrobat includes 16 preset language selections. If you need to specify a language that is not on the
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 109
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 102 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems Making tables accessible Tables of text or data pose a special challenge for screen readers and other assistive technology, because content in a table is meant to be read both across and down. To enable screen readers support
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 110
    is, each row has the same number of columns, and each column has the same number of rows. Many tables, however, merge cells to make a single cell span two or more columns or rows. Merging cells across columns or down rows creates problems for screen readers unless you properly assign ColSpan and
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 111
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 104 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems The workflow for tagging tables The easiest way to tag tables is to start by using the TouchUp Reading Order tool and finish by editing the tag tree. For instructions order without using a screen reader. 1 Open the Tags tab
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 112
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 105 Section 13: Fixing advanced accessibility problems Using the tag tree to verify the reading order of a complex section of a page-the three paragraphs are indeed in the correct order (top), even
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 113
    Acrobat 7.0 Professional and Acrobat 7.0 Standard. An extensible tags architecture The PDF tags architecture is extensible, so any Adobe PDF tags. Tagging PDF documents by using one of the methods described in this guide generally produces . Block-level elements are part of the document's logical
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 114
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 107 Appendix: Standard tags for Adobe PDF documents Heading and paragraph elements Heading list body element (required) as a child • Label element - A bullet, name, or number that identifies and distinguishes an element from others in the same list • List body element
  • Adobe 22001438 | Accessibility Guide - Page 115
    ADOBE ACROBAT 7.0 108 Appendix: Standard tags for Adobe PDF documents Inline-level elements Inline-level elements - A graphic or graphic representation associated with text • Form entry element - A PDF form annotation that can be or has been filled out • Formula entry element -
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Creating Accessible PDF Documents with
Adobe Acrobat 7.0
A Guide for Publishing PDF Documents for Use by
People with Disabilities
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