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Editing adjustment layers or ﬁll layers, Choose Layer > Change Layer Content

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184 CHAPTER 8 Using Layers Threshold Specify a threshold level. (See "Using the Threshold command" on page 96.) Posterize Specify the number of tonal levels for each color channel. (See "Using the Posterize command" on page 97.) Editing adjustment layers or fill layers Once you create an adjustment or fill layer, you can easily edit the settings, or dynamically replace it with a different adjustment or fill type. You can also edit the mask of an adjustment layer or fill layer. A layer mask protects sections of a layer (or the entire layer) from being edited and can be used to show or hide sections of an image. When the layer mask is attached to an adjustment or fill layer, it is used to control the effect that the layer has on the image. By default, all areas of an adjustment or fill layer are "unmasked" and, therefore, are showing. The layer mask is a grayscale image, so what you paint in black will be hidden, what you paint in white will show, and what you paint in gray shades will show in various levels of transparency. Masks can be edited like a grayscale image. Adjustment layer with triangular mask added To edit an adjustment or fill layer: 1 Do one of the following: • Double-click the adjustment or fill layer's thumbnail in the Layers palette. • Choose Layer > Layer Content Options. 2 Make the desired adjustments, and click OK. Note: Inverted adjustment layers do not have editable settings. To change the content of an adjustment or fill layer: 1 Select the adjustment layer or fill layer that you want to change. 2 Choose Layer > Change Layer Content and select a different fill or adjustment layer from the list. To edit the layer mask for an adjustment or fill layer: 1 Select the adjustment layer or fill layer in the Layers palette. 2 Select any painting or editing tool. 3 Use the following methods to view the layer mask: • Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS) the adjustment layer thumbnail to view only the grayscale mask. Alt/Option-click the thumbnail again to redisplay the other layers. • Hold down Alt+Shift (Windows) or Option+Shift (Mac OS), and click the adjustment layer thumbnail to view the mask in a rubylith masking color. Hold down Alt/Option+Shift and click the thumbnail again to turn off the rubylith display.

Section	Page
Table of Contents	3
Installing and Learning Adobe Photoshop Elements	9
Registration	9
Installing Adobe Photoshop Elements	9
Learning Adobe Photoshop Elements	9
Using Web resources	11
Customer support	12
Overview	15
Digital Photography: Capture and Correct	15
Digital Photography: Explore and Create	17
Easy to Use and Affordable	18
Web Tools	20
Explore Your Creativity	21
Produce Outstanding Results	22
Looking at the Work Area	27
Getting familiar with the work area	27
Viewing images	32
Getting the most out of Photoshop Elements	36
Correcting mistakes	40
Reverting to any state of an image	41
Working with presets	43
Configuring Photoshop Elements	46
Closing files and quitting	50
Getting Images into Photoshop Elements	53
About bitmap images and vector graphics	53
About image size and resolution	54
Changing image size and resolution	56
Scanning images	59
Importing images from a digital camera	60
Importing images using WIA (Windows Image Acquisition) Support	61
Creating new images	62
Opening and importing images	63
Placing files	68
Working with Color	73
About color and computer graphics	73
Using color management	73
Calibrating your monitor	74
Describing color	75
Choosing a color mode	76
Choosing foreground and background colors	82
Using the Adobe Color Picker	85
Using other color pickers	87
Making Color and Tonal Corrections	91
About correcting images	91
Checking scan quality and tonal range	92
Adjusting tonal range	93
Adjusting color	99
Applying special color effects to images	103
Sharpening images	106
Selecting	111
About selections	111
Making pixel selections	111
Adjusting pixel selections	115
Softening the edges of a selection	116
Moving, copying, and pasting selections and layers	118
Deleting selections	121
Transforming and Retouching	125
Cropping images	125
Changing the size of the work canvas	126
Creating panoramic images using Photomerge	126
Using the Liquify filter	132
Rotating and straightening images	133
Transforming layers, selections, and shapes	134
Transforming objects in three dimensions	138
Retouching an image	140
Painting and Drawing	147
About painting and drawing	147
Using the painting tools	147
Erasing	148
Using the impressionist brush tool	150
Customizing brush libraries	151
Setting options for painting and editing tools	155
Using the gradient tools	158
Using the paint bucket tool	163
Drawing shapes	164
Editing shapes	165
Filling and stroking selections and layers	167
Creating and editing patterns	169
Using Layers	173
About layers	173
Using the Layers palette	174
Creating a layered image	178
Managing layered images	181
Using layer styles	183
Editing layers	185
Specifying opacity and blending options	187
Creating grouped layers	188
Using adjustment layers and fill layers	189
Applying Filters and Effects	197
Using filters	197
Using effects	200
Tips for applying special filter effects	200
Improving performance with filters	201
Choosing a filter effect	201
Artistic filters	203
Blur filters	204
Brush Stroke filters	205
Distort filters	205
Liquify filter	207
Noise filter	207
Pixelate filters	208
Render filters	209
Sharpen filters	210
Sketch filters	210
Stylize filters	211
Texture filters	213
Video filters	213
Other filters	214
Lighting Effects filter	215
About plug-in filters	218
Using Type	221
About type	221
Creating type	221
Working with type layers	222
Formatting characters	225
Setting options for Asian type	228
Optimizing Images for theWeb	233
About optimization	233
Using the Save For Web dialog box	233
Choosing a file format for optimization	235
Optimizing images	238
Making transparent and matted images	241
Previewing and controlling dithering	243
Creating animated GIFs	247
Previewing an image in a browser	248
Saving optimized images	248
Creating Web photo galleries	249
Saving Images	253
About file formats	253
Saving images	254
Saving images in specific formats	255
Adding file information	262
Setting preferences for saving files	262
Using the Batch command	264
Creating multiple-image layouts	265
Printing	269
Printing images	269
Positioning and scaling images	270
Setting output options	270
Printing part of an image	271
Choosing a print encoding method	271
Using color management when printing	272
Printing over the Web	274
Production Notes	293

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CHAPTER 8

184

Using Layers

Threshold

Specify a threshold level. (See “Using

the Threshold command” on page 96.)

Posterize

Specify the number of tonal levels for

each color channel. (See “Using the Posterize

command” on page 97.)

Editing adjustment layers or ﬁll layers

Once you create an adjustment or ﬁll layer, you can

easily edit the settings, or dynamically replace it

with a different adjustment or ﬁll type.

You can also edit the

mask

of an adjustment layer

or ﬁll layer. A layer mask protects sections of a

layer (or the entire layer) from being edited and

can be used to show or hide sections of an image.

When the layer mask is attached to an adjustment

or ﬁll layer, it is used to control the effect that the

layer has on the image. By default, all areas of an

adjustment or ﬁll layer are “unmasked” and,

therefore, are showing.

The layer mask is a grayscale image, so what you

paint in black will be hidden, what you paint in

white will show, and what you paint in gray shades

will show in various levels of transparency. Masks

can be edited like a grayscale image.

Adjustment layer with triangular mask added

To edit an adjustment or ﬁll layer:

Do one of the following:

•

Double-click the adjustment or ﬁll layer’s

thumbnail in the Layers palette.

•

Choose Layer > Layer Content Options.

Make the desired adjustments, and click OK.

Note:

Inverted adjustment layers do not have

editable settings.

To change the content of an adjustment or ﬁll layer:

Select the adjustment layer or ﬁll layer that you

want to change.

Choose Layer > Change Layer Content and

select a different ﬁll or adjustment layer from

the list.

To edit the layer mask for an adjustment or ﬁll layer:

Select the adjustment layer or ﬁll layer in the

Layers palette.

Select any painting or editing tool.

Use the following methods to view the

layer mask:

•

Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS)

the adjustment layer thumbnail to view only the

grayscale mask. Alt/Option-click the thumbnail

again to redisplay the other layers.

•

Hold down Alt+Shift (Windows) or

Option+Shift (Mac OS), and click the adjustment

layer thumbnail to view the mask in a rubylith

masking color. Hold down Alt/Option+Shift

and click the thumbnail again to turn off the

rubylith display.