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IGMP React To Own Queries setting

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Alphabetical Index IDENT and IP rules, 119 identification lists, 403 IDP, 315 HTTP URI normalization, 317 signature groups, 320 signatures, 319 signature wildcarding, 321 SMTP log receivers, 322 traffic shaping, 465 Iface poll interval setting, 156 IGMP, 194 advanced settings, 204 configuration, 199 rules configuration, 202 IGMP Before Rules setting, 204 IGMP Idle Lifetime setting, 516 IGMP Last Member Query Interval setting, 204 IGMP Lowest Compatible Version setting, 204 IGMP Max Interface Requests setting, 205 IGMP Max Total Requests setting, 205 IGMP Query Interval setting, 205 IGMP Query Response Interval setting, 205 IGMP React To Own Queries setting, 204 IGMP Robustness Variable setting, 205 IGMP Router Version setting, 204 IGMP Startup Query Count setting, 205 IGMP Startup Query Interval setting, 205 IGMP Unsolicated Report Interval setting, 205 IKE, 391 algorithm proposals, 392 lifetimes, 392 negotiation, 392 parameters, 393 IKE CRL Validity Time setting, 422 IKE Max CA Path setting, 422 IKE Send CRLs setting, 422 IKE Send Initial Contact setting, 422 ikesnoop VPN troubleshooting, 414, 439 Illegal Fragments setting, 520 Initial Silence (HA) setting, 495 insertion attack prevention, 318 Interface Alias (SNMP) setting, 69 Interface Description (SNMP) setting, 69 interfaces, 90 disabling, 91 groups, 107 loopback, 90, 91 physical, 90 internet key exchange (see IKE) Interval between synchronization setting, 137 intrusion, detection and prevention (see IDP) intrusion detection rule, 317 invalid checksum in cluster heartbeats, 491 IP address objects, 81 IP Option Sizes setting, 506 IP Options Other setting, 506 IP Option Source/Return setting, 506 IP Options Timestamps setting, 506 IP pools, 233 with config mode, 412 IP Reserved Flag setting, 506 IP router alert option setting, 506 IP rules, 116 bi-directional connections, 120 IP rule set, 116 duplicate naming, 37 evaluation order, 118 folders, 121 IPsec, 391 advanced settings, 421 algorithm proposal lists, 401 and IP rules, 406 clients, 386 dead peer detection, 407 keep-alive, 407 LAN to LAN setup, 382 overview, 391 quick start guide, 381 roaming clients setup, 384 troubleshooting, 437 tunnel establishment, 406 tunnels, 406 IPsec Before Rules setting, 422 usage, 406 IPsec Certificate Cache Max setting, 422 IPsec Gateway Name Cache Time setting, 423 IPsec Max Rules setting, 421 IPsec Max Tunnels setting, 421 ip validation with config mode, 412 L L2TP, 425 advanced settings, 430 client, 431 quick start guide, 387 server, 426 L2TP Before Rules setting, 430 L3 Cache Size setting, 219 LAN to LAN tunnels, 408 quick start guide, 382, 383 Large Buffers (reassembly) setting, 524 Layer Size Consistency setting, 505 LDAP authentication, 359 authentication with PPP, 364 MS Active Directory, 360 servers, 413 link state algorithms, 171 Local Console Timeout setting, 49 local IP address in routes, 145 Log Checksum Errors setting, 504 Log Connections setting, 514 Log Connection Usage setting, 515 logging, 55 advanced settings, 59 memlog, 56 SNMP traps, 58 syslog, 56 login authentication, 366 log messages, 55 Log non IP4 setting, 504 Log Open Fails setting, 514 Logout at shutdown (RADIUS) setting, 63, 64 541

Section	Page
User Manual	3
Table of Contents	4
Preface	14
Chapter 1. NetDefendOS Overview	16
1.1. Features	16
1.2. NetDefendOS Architecture	19
1.2.1. State-based Architecture	19
1.2.2. NetDefendOS Building Blocks	19
1.2.3. Basic Packet Flow	20
1.3. NetDefendOS State Engine Packet Flow	23
Chapter 2. Management and Maintenance	28
2.1. Managing NetDefendOS	28
2.1.1. Overview	28
2.1.2. The Default Administrator Account	29
2.1.3. The Web Interface	29
2.1.4. The CLI	33
2.1.5. CLI Scripts	41
2.1.6. Secure Copy	45
2.1.7. The Console Boot Menu	47
2.1.8. Management Advanced Settings	48
2.1.9. Working with Configurations	49
2.2. Events and Logging	55
2.2.1. Overview	55
2.2.2. Log Messages	55
2.2.3. Creating Log Receivers	56
2.2.4. Logging to MemoryLogReceiver	56
2.2.5. Logging to Syslog Hosts	56
2.2.6. SNMP Traps	58
2.2.7. Advanced Log Settings	59
2.3. RADIUS Accounting	60
2.3.1. Overview	60
2.3.2. RADIUS Accounting Messages	60
2.3.3. Interim Accounting Messages	62
2.3.4. Activating RADIUS Accounting	62
2.3.5. RADIUS Accounting Security	62
2.3.6. RADIUS Accounting and High Availability	62
2.3.7. Handling Unresponsive Servers	63
2.3.8. Accounting and System Shutdowns	63
2.3.9. Limitations with NAT	63
2.3.10. RADIUS Advanced Settings	63
2.4. Hardware Monitoring	65
2.5. SNMP Monitoring	67
2.5.1. SNMP Advanced Settings	68
2.6. The pcapdump Command	70
2.7. Maintenance	73
2.7.1. Auto-Update Mechanism	73
2.7.2. Backing Up Configurations	73
2.7.3. Restore to Factory Defaults	74
Chapter 3. Fundamentals	77
3.1. The Address Book	77
3.1.1. Overview	77
3.1.2. IP Addresses	77
3.1.3. Ethernet Addresses	79
3.1.4. Address Groups	80
3.1.5. Auto-Generated Address Objects	81
3.1.6. Address Book Folders	81
3.2. Services	82
3.2.1. Overview	82
3.2.2. Creating Custom Services	83
3.2.3. ICMP Services	86
3.2.4. Custom IP Protocol Services	88
3.2.5. Service Groups	88
3.2.6. Custom Service Timeouts	89
3.3. Interfaces	90
3.3.1. Overview	90
3.3.2. Ethernet Interfaces	92
3.3.2.1. Useful CLI Commands for Ethernet Interfaces	95
3.3.3. VLAN	97
3.3.4. PPPoE	101
3.3.5. GRE Tunnels	103
3.3.6. Interface Groups	107
3.4. ARP	108
3.4.1. Overview	108
3.4.2. The NetDefendOS ARP Cache	108
3.4.3. Creating ARP Objects	110
3.4.4. Using ARP Advanced Settings	112
3.4.5. ARP Advanced Settings Summary	113
3.5. IP Rule Sets	116
3.5.1. Security Policies	116
3.5.2. IP Rule Evaluation	118
3.5.3. IP Rule Actions	119
3.5.4. Editing IP rule set Entries	120
3.5.5. IP Rule Set Folders	121
3.5.6. Configuration Object Groups	122
3.6. Schedules	126
3.7. Certificates	128
3.7.1. Overview	128
3.7.2. Certificates in NetDefendOS	129
3.7.3. CA Certificate Requests	130
3.8. Date and Time	132
3.8.1. Overview	132
3.8.2. Setting Date and Time	132
3.8.3. Time Servers	133
3.8.4. Settings Summary for Date and Time	136
3.9. DNS	139
Chapter 4. Routing	142
4.1. Overview	142
4.2. Static Routing	143
4.2.1. The Principles of Routing	143
4.2.2. Static Routing	147
4.2.3. Route Failover	151
4.2.4. Host Monitoring for Route Failover	154
4.2.5. Advanced Settings for Route Failover	156
4.2.6. Proxy ARP	157
4.3. Policy-based Routing	160
4.3.1. Overview	160
4.3.2. Policy-based Routing Tables	160
4.3.3. Policy-based Routing Rules	160
4.3.4. Routing Table Selection	161
4.3.5. The Ordering parameter	161
4.4. Route Load Balancing	165
4.5. OSPF	171
4.5.1. Dynamic Routing	171
4.5.2. OSPF Concepts	174
4.5.3. OSPF Components	179
4.5.3.1. OSPF Router Process	179
4.5.3.2. OSPF Area	181
4.5.3.3. OSPF Interface	182
4.5.3.4. OSPF Neighbors	184
4.5.3.5. OSPF Aggregates	184
4.5.3.6. OSPF VLinks	184
4.5.4. Dynamic Routing Rules	185
4.5.4.1. Overview	185
4.5.4.2. Dynamic Routing Rule	186
4.5.4.3. OSPF Action	187
4.5.4.4. Routing Action	187
4.5.5. Setting Up OSPF	188
4.5.6. An OSPF Example	191
4.6. Multicast Routing	194
4.6.1. Overview	194
4.6.2. Multicast Forwarding with SAT Multiplex Rules	195
4.6.2.1. Multicast Forwarding - No Address Translation	195
4.6.2.2. Multicast Forwarding - Address Translation Scenario	197
4.6.3. IGMP Configuration	199
4.6.3.1. IGMP Rules Configuration - No Address Translation	200
4.6.3.2. IGMP Rules Configuration - Address Translation	202
4.6.4. Advanced IGMP Settings	204
4.7. Transparent Mode	207
4.7.1. Overview	207
4.7.2. Enabling Internet Access	211
4.7.3. Transparent Mode Scenarios	213
4.7.4. Spanning Tree BPDU Support	217
4.7.5. Advanced Settings for Transparent Mode	218
Chapter 5. DHCP Services	223
5.1. Overview	223
5.2. DHCP Servers	224
5.2.1. Static DHCP Hosts	227
5.2.2. Custom Options	228
5.3. DHCP Relaying	230
5.3.1. DHCP Relay Advanced Settings	231
5.4. IP Pools	233
Chapter 6. Security Mechanisms	237
6.1. Access Rules	237
6.1.1. Overview	237
6.1.2. IP Spoofing	238
6.1.3. Access Rule Settings	238
6.2. ALGs	240
6.2.1. Overview	240
6.2.2. The HTTP ALG	241
6.2.3. The FTP ALG	244
6.2.4. The TFTP ALG	253
6.2.5. The SMTP ALG	254
6.2.5.1. Anti-Spam Filtering	257
6.2.6. The POP3 ALG	263
6.2.7. The PPTP ALG	264
6.2.8. The SIP ALG	265
6.2.9. The H.323 ALG	275
6.2.10. The TLS ALG	289
6.3. Web Content Filtering	292
6.3.1. Overview	292
6.3.2. Active Content Handling	292
6.3.3. Static Content Filtering	293
6.3.4. Dynamic Web Content Filtering	295
6.3.4.1. Overview	295
6.3.4.2. Setting Up WCF	296
6.3.4.3. Content Filtering Categories	300
6.3.4.4. Customizing HTML Pages	307
6.4. Anti-Virus Scanning	309
6.4.1. Overview	309
6.4.2. Implementation	309
6.4.3. Activating Anti-Virus Scanning	310
6.4.4. The Signature Database	311
6.4.5. Subscribing to the D-Link Anti-Virus Service	311
6.4.6. Anti-Virus Options	311
6.5. Intrusion Detection and Prevention	315
6.5.1. Overview	315
6.5.2. IDP Availability for D-Link Models	315
6.5.3. IDP Rules	317
6.5.4. Insertion/Evasion Attack Prevention	318
6.5.5. IDP Pattern Matching	319
6.5.6. IDP Signature Groups	320
6.5.7. IDP Actions	322
6.5.8. SMTP Log Receiver for IDP Events	322
6.6. Denial-of-Service Attack Prevention	326
6.6.1. Overview	326
6.6.2. DoS Attack Mechanisms	326
6.6.3. Ping of Death and Jolt Attacks	326
6.6.4. Fragmentation overlap attacks: Teardrop, Bonk, Boink and Nestea	327
6.6.5. The Land and LaTierra attacks	327
6.6.6. The WinNuke attack	327
6.6.7. Amplification attacks: Smurf, Papasmurf, Fraggle	328
6.6.8. TCP SYN Flood Attacks	329
6.6.9. The Jolt2 Attack	329
6.6.10. Distributed DoS Attacks	329
6.7. Blacklisting Hosts and Networks	331
Chapter 7. Address Translation	334
7.1. Overview	334
7.2. NAT	335
7.3. NAT Pools	340
7.4. SAT	343
7.4.1. Translation of a Single IP Address (1:1)	343
7.4.2. Translation of Multiple IP Addresses (M:N)	348
7.4.3. All-to-One Mappings (N:1)	350
7.4.4. Port Translation	350
7.4.5. Protocols Handled by SAT	351
7.4.6. Multiple SAT Rule Matches	351
7.4.7. SAT and FwdFast Rules	352
Chapter 8. User Authentication	355
8.1. Overview	355
8.2. Authentication Setup	357
8.2.1. Setup Summary	357
8.2.2. The Local Database	357
8.2.3. External RADIUS Servers	359
8.2.4. External LDAP Servers	359
8.2.5. Authentication Rules	366
8.2.6. Authentication Processing	368
8.2.7. A Group Usage Example	369
8.2.8. HTTP Authentication	369
8.3. Customizing HTML Pages	373
Chapter 9. VPN	377
9.1. Overview	377
9.1.1. VPN Usage	377
9.1.2. VPN Encryption	378
9.1.3. VPN Planning	378
9.1.4. Key Distribution	379
9.1.5. The TLS Alternative for VPN	379
9.2. VPN Quick Start	381
9.2.1. IPsec LAN to LAN with Pre-shared Keys	382
9.2.2. IPsec LAN to LAN with Certificates	383
9.2.3. IPsec Roaming Clients with Pre-shared Keys	384
9.2.4. IPsec Roaming Clients with Certificates	386
9.2.5. L2TP Roaming Clients with Pre-Shared Keys	387
9.2.6. L2TP Roaming Clients with Certificates	388
9.2.7. PPTP Roaming Clients	389
9.3. IPsec Components	391
9.3.1. Overview	391
9.3.2. Internet Key Exchange (IKE)	391
9.3.3. IKE Authentication	397
9.3.4. IPsec Protocols (ESP/AH)	398
9.3.5. NAT Traversal	399
9.3.6. Algorithm Proposal Lists	401
9.3.7. Pre-shared Keys	402
9.3.8. Identification Lists	403
9.4. IPsec Tunnels	406
9.4.1. Overview	406
9.4.2. LAN to LAN Tunnels with Pre-shared Keys	408
9.4.3. Roaming Clients	408
9.4.4. Fetching CRLs from an alternate LDAP server	413
9.4.5. Troubleshooting with ikesnoop	414
9.4.6. IPsec Advanced Settings	421
9.5. PPTP/L2TP	425
9.5.1. PPTP Servers	425
9.5.2. L2TP Servers	426
9.5.3. L2TP/PPTP Server advanced settings	430
9.5.4. PPTP/L2TP Clients	431
9.6. CA Server Access	434
9.7. VPN Troubleshooting	437
9.7.1. General Troubleshooting	437
9.7.2. Troubleshooting Certificates	437
9.7.3. IPsec Troubleshooting Commands	438
9.7.4. Management Interface Failure with VPN	439
9.7.5. Specific Error Messages	439
9.7.6. Specific Symptoms	442
Chapter 10. Traffic Management	444
10.1. Traffic Shaping	444
10.1.1. Overview	444
10.1.2. Traffic Shaping in NetDefendOS	445
10.1.3. Simple Bandwidth Limiting	447
10.1.4. Limiting Bandwidth in Both Directions	448
10.1.5. Creating Differentiated Limits Using Chains	449
10.1.6. Precedences	450
10.1.7. Pipe Groups	455
10.1.8. Traffic Shaping Recommendations	458
10.1.9. A Summary of Traffic Shaping	459
10.1.10. More Pipe Examples	460
10.2. IDP Traffic Shaping	465
10.2.1. Overview	465
10.2.2. Setting Up IDP Traffic Shaping	465
10.2.3. Processing Flow	466
10.2.4. The Importance of Specifying a Network	466
10.2.5. A P2P Scenario	467
10.2.6. Viewing Traffic Shaping Objects	468
10.2.7. Guaranteeing Instead of Limiting Bandwidth	469
10.2.8. Logging	469
10.3. Threshold Rules	470
10.3.1. Overview	470
10.3.2. Limiting the Connection Rate/Total Connections	470
10.3.3. Grouping	471
10.3.4. Rule Actions	471
10.3.5. Multiple Triggered Actions	471
10.3.6. Exempted Connections	471
10.3.7. Threshold Rules and ZoneDefense	471
10.3.8. Threshold Rule Blacklisting	471
10.4. Server Load Balancing	473
10.4.1. Overview	473
10.4.2. SLB Distribution Algorithms	474
10.4.3. Selecting Stickiness	475
10.4.4. SLB Algorithms and Stickiness	476
10.4.5. Server Health Monitoring	477
10.4.6. Setting Up SLB_SAT Rules	478
Chapter 11. High Availability	482
11.1. Overview	482
11.2. HA Mechanisms	484
11.3. Setting Up HA	487
11.3.1. HA Hardware Setup	487
11.3.2. NetDefendOS Manual HA Setup	488
11.3.3. Verifying the Cluster Functions	489
11.3.4. Unique Shared Mac Addresses	490
11.4. HA Issues	491
11.5. Upgrading an HA Cluster	493
11.6. HA Advanced Settings	495
Chapter 12. ZoneDefense	497
12.1. Overview	497
12.2. ZoneDefense Switches	498
12.3. ZoneDefense Operation	499
12.3.1. SNMP	499
12.3.2. Threshold Rules	499
12.3.3. Manual Blocking and Exclude Lists	499
12.3.4. ZoneDefense with Anti-Virus Scanning	501
12.3.5. Limitations	501
Chapter 13. Advanced Settings	504
13.1. IP Level Settings	504
13.2. TCP Level Settings	508
13.3. ICMP Level Settings	513
13.4. State Settings	514
13.5. Connection Timeout Settings	516
13.6. Length Limit Settings	518
13.7. Fragmentation Settings	520
13.8. Local Fragment Reassembly Settings	524
13.9. Miscellaneous Settings	525
Appendix A. Subscribing to Updates	527
Appendix B. IDP Signature Groups	529
Appendix C. Verified MIME filetypes	533
Appendix D. The OSI Framework	537

Match case Limit results 1 per page

IDENT and IP rules, 119

identification lists, 403

IDP, 315

HTTP URI normalization, 317

signature groups, 320

signatures, 319

signature wildcarding, 321

SMTP log receivers, 322

traffic shaping, 465

Iface poll interval setting, 156

IGMP, 194

advanced settings, 204

configuration, 199

rules configuration, 202

IGMP Before Rules setting, 204

IGMP Idle Lifetime setting, 516

IGMP Last Member Query Interval setting, 204

IGMP Lowest Compatible Version setting, 204

IGMP Max Interface Requests setting, 205

IGMP Max Total Requests setting, 205

IGMP Query Interval setting, 205

IGMP Query Response Interval setting, 205

IGMP React To Own Queries setting, 204

IGMP Robustness Variable setting, 205

IGMP Router Version setting, 204

IGMP Startup Query Count setting, 205

IGMP Startup Query Interval setting, 205

IGMP Unsolicated Report Interval setting, 205

IKE, 391

algorithm proposals, 392

lifetimes, 392

negotiation, 392

parameters, 393

IKE CRL Validity Time setting, 422

IKE Max CA Path setting, 422

IKE Send CRLs setting, 422

IKE Send Initial Contact setting, 422

ikesnoop VPN troubleshooting, 414, 439

Illegal Fragments setting, 520

Initial Silence (HA) setting, 495

insertion attack prevention, 318

Interface Alias (SNMP) setting, 69

Interface Description (SNMP) setting, 69

interfaces, 90

disabling, 91

groups, 107

loopback, 90, 91

physical, 90

internet key exchange (see IKE)

Interval between synchronization setting, 137

intrusion, detection and prevention (see IDP)

intrusion detection rule, 317

invalid checksum

in cluster heartbeats, 491

IP address objects, 81

IP Option Sizes setting, 506

IP Options Other setting, 506

IP Option Source/Return setting, 506

IP Options Timestamps setting, 506

IP pools, 233

with config mode, 412

IP Reserved Flag setting, 506

IP router alert option setting, 506

IP rules, 116

bi-directional connections, 120

IP rule set, 116

duplicate naming, 37

evaluation order, 118

folders, 121

IPsec, 391

advanced settings, 421

algorithm proposal lists, 401

and IP rules, 406

clients, 386

dead peer detection, 407

keep-alive, 407

LAN to LAN setup, 382

overview, 391

quick start guide, 381

roaming clients setup, 384

troubleshooting, 437

tunnel establishment, 406

tunnels, 406

IPsec Before Rules setting, 422

usage, 406

IPsec Certificate Cache Max setting, 422

IPsec Gateway Name Cache Time setting, 423

IPsec Max Rules setting, 421

IPsec Max Tunnels setting, 421

ip validation

with config mode, 412

L2TP, 425

advanced settings, 430

client, 431

quick start guide, 387

server, 426

L2TP Before Rules setting, 430

L3 Cache Size setting, 219

LAN to LAN tunnels, 408

quick start guide, 382, 383

Large Buffers (reassembly) setting, 524

Layer Size Consistency setting, 505

LDAP

authentication, 359

authentication with PPP, 364

MS Active Directory, 360

servers, 413

link state algorithms, 171

Local Console Timeout setting, 49

local IP address in routes, 145

Log Checksum Errors setting, 504

Log Connections setting, 514

Log Connection Usage setting, 515

logging, 55

advanced settings, 59

memlog, 56

SNMP traps, 58

syslog, 56

log messages, 55

Log non IP4 setting, 504

Log Open Fails setting, 514

Logout at shutdown (RADIUS) setting, 63, 64

Alphabetical Index

541