Celestron CPC Deluxe 925 HD Computerized Telescope CPC Deluxe HD Manual - Page 22

ASTRONOMY BASICS Up to this point, this manual covered the assembly and basic operation of your CPC telescope. However, to understand your telescope more thoroughly, you need to know a little about the night sky. This section deals with observational astronomy in general and includes information on the night sky and polar alignment. >> The Celestial Coordinate System To help find objects in the sky, astronomers use a celestial coordinate system that is similar to our geographical coordinate system here on Earth. The celestial coordinate system has poles, lines of longitude and latitude and an equator. For the most part, these remain fixed against the background stars. The celestial equator runs 360 degrees around the Earth and separates the northern celestial hemisphere from the southern. Like the Earth's equator, it bears a reading of zero degrees. On Earth this would be latitude. However, in the sky this is referred to as declination, or DEC for short. Lines of declination are named for their angular distance above and below the celestial equator. The lines are broken down into degrees, minutes of arc and seconds of arc. Declination readings south of the equator carry a minus sign (-) in front of the coordinate and those north of the celestial equator are either blank (i.e., no designation) or preceded by a plus sign (+). The celestial equivalent of longitude is called Right Ascension, or R.A. for short. Like the Earth's lines of longitude, they run from pole to pole and are evenly spaced 15 degrees apart. Although the longitude lines are separated by an angular distance, they are also a measure of time. Each line of longitude is one hour apart from the next. Since the Earth rotates once every 24 hours, there are 24 lines total. As a result, the R.A. coordinates are marked off in units of time. It begins with an arbitrary point in the constellation of Pisces designated as 0 hours, 0 minutes, 0 seconds. All other points are designated by how far (i.e., how long) they lag behind this coordinate after it passes overhead moving toward the west. 60 40 20 0 1 23 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 -40 -60 0 FIGURE 6-1 The celestial sphere seen from the outside showing R.A. and DEC >> Motion of the Stars The daily motion of the Sun across the sky is familiar to even the northwest. Stars at high celestial latitudes are always above the horizon, most casual observer. This daily trek is not the Sun moving as early and are said to be circumpolar because they never rise and never set. You astronomers thought, but the result of the Earth's rotation. The Earth's will never see the stars complete one circle because the sunlight during rotation also causes the stars to do the same, scribing out a large circle the day washes out the starlight. However, part of this circular motion as the Earth completes one rotation. The size of the circular path a star of stars in this region of the sky can be seen by setting up a camera on follows depends on where it is in the sky. Stars near the celestial equator a tripod and opening the shutter for a couple hours. The processed film form the largest circles rising in the east and setting in the west. Moving will reveal semicircles that revolve around the pole. (This description of toward the north celestial pole, the point around which the stars in the stellar motions also applies to the southern hemisphere except all stars northern hemisphere appear to rotate, these circles become smaller. south of the celestial equator move around the south celestial pole.) Stars in the mid-celestial latitudes rise in the northeast and set in the Stars seen near the north celestial pole Stars seen near the celestial equator Stars seen looking in the opposite direction of the north celestial pole FIGURE 6-2 All stars appear to rotate around the celestial poles. However, the appearance of this motion varies depending on where you are looking in the sky. Near the north celestial pole, the stars scribe out recognizable circles centered on the pole (1). Stars near the celestial equator also follow circular paths around the pole. But, the complete path is interrupted by the horizon. These appear to rise in the east and set in the west (2). Looking toward the opposite pole, stars curve or arc in the opposite direction scribing a circle around the opposite pole (3). 20 >> www.celestron.com