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HP Color LaserJet CM1312 Service Manual - Page 96

Image-formation system,

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Image-formation system The image-formation system forms a toner image on media. The product includes four print cartridges that contain the toner that is used to create the image on the media. Toner is applied in the following order, using only the colors necessary for a specific image: yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (Bk). Figure 5-8 Image-formation system Fuser uni t Cartridge ITB cleaning unit Laser/scanner unit Secondary ITB transfer roller High-voltage power supply Laser beam Photosensitive drum Primary transfer pad DC controller Image-formation process Laser printing requires the interaction of several different technologies including electronics, optics, and electrographics to provide a printed page. Each process functions independently and must be coordinated with the other processes. Image formation consists of the following processes: ● Latent-image formation ● Development ● Transfer ● Fuser ● ITB cleaning ● Drum cleaning 82 Chapter 5 Theory of operation ENWW

Section	Page
Product basics	15
Quick access to product information	16
Product comparison	17
Product features	18
Product walkaround	19
Base model front view	19
Base model back view	20
Fax/memory-card model front view	20
Fax/memory-card model back view	21
Interface ports	21
Supported operating systems	22
Supported operating systems for Windows	22
Supported operating systems for Macintosh	22
Supported product software	23
Software included with the product	23
Software for Windows	23
HP Web Jetadmin	23
Embedded Web server	23
HP ToolboxFX	24
Software for Macintosh	24
Embedded Web server	24
Supported printer drivers	25
Supported printer drivers for Windows	25
HP Universal Print Driver (UPD)	25
UPD installation modes	25
Supported printer drivers for Macintosh	25
Software for other operating systems	26
System requirements	27
Connectivity	28
Supported network protocols (network models only)	28
Control panel	31
Control-panel walkaround	32
Base models control panel	32
Fax/memory-card models control panel	33
Control-panel menus	34
Use the control-panel menus	34
Control-panel Setup menu	34
Function-specific menus (fax/memory-card models only)	43
Paper and print media	49
Supported paper and print media	50
Supported paper types and tray capacity	51
Load paper and print media	52
Load Tray 1	52
Load originals for copying, scanning, or faxing	53
Configure tray	55
Manage and maintain the product	57
Information pages	58
HP ToolboxFX	60
View the HP ToolboxFX	60
Status	60
Event log	61
Alerts	61
Set up status alerts	61
Set up e-mail alerts	61
Product information	61
Fax	62
Fax Receive	62
Fax phone book	62
Fax send log	64
Fax receive log	64
Junk Faxes	64
Help	64
System Settings	65
Device Information	65
Paper Handling	66
Print Quality	66
Print Density	66
Paper Types	67
System setup	68
Service	68
Device polling	68
Print Settings	68
Printing	68
PCL5	69
PostScript	69
Network Settings	69
Embedded Web server	70
Features	70
Use HP Web Jetadmin software	71
Security features	71
Turn on password protection using the embedded Web server	71
Turn on password protection from the control panel	71
Turn on private receive feature	72
Manage supplies	73
Check and order supplies	73
Check supplies status by using the control panel	73
Check supplies status by using HP ToolboxFX	73
Store supplies	74
HP policy on non-HP supplies	74
HP fraud hotline	74
Recycle supplies	74
Replace supplies	75
Print cartridge	75
Clean the product	78
Clean the paper path	78
Clean the paper path from HP ToolboxFX	79
Clean the paper path from the product control panel	79
Clean the automatic document feeder (ADF) pickup roller assembly	80
Clean the lid backing	82
Clean the scanner glass	83
Clean the exterior	84
Firmware updates	84
Recover from a corrupted firmware download	84
Theory of operation	87
Basic operation	88
Major product systems	88
Product components	89
Sequence of operation	89
Engine control system	91
DC controller	92
Low-voltage power supply	93
Fuser failure detection	93
High-voltage power supply	94
Laser/scanner system	95
Laser failure detection	95
Image-formation system	96
Image-formation process	96
Latent-image formation stage	97
Step 1: primary charging	97
Step 2: laser-beam exposure	98
Developing stage	98
Step 3: development	98
Transfer stage	99
Step 4: primary transfer	99
Step 5: secondary transfer	99
Step 6: separation from the drum	100
Fusing stage	100
Step 7: fusing	100
ITB cleaning stage	101
Step 8: ITB cleaning	101
Drum cleaning stage	102
Step 9: drum cleaning	102
Developing roller engagement/disengagement control	102
Pickup-and-feed system	103
Jam detection	104
Pad transfer	104
Multiple-feed prevention	104
Scanner system (base models)	105
Scanner power-on sequence of events	105
Copy or scan-to-computer sequence of events	106
Scanner and ADF functions and operation (fax/memory-card models)	107
Scanner functions	107
Scanner operation	108
ADF operation	108
ADF paper path and ADF sensors	109
ADF jam detection	110
Memory card system (fax/memory-card models only)	111
Fax functions and operation (fax/memory-card models only)	112
Computer and network security features	112
PSTN operation	112
Receive faxes when you hear fax tones	112
Distinctive ring function	113
Fax by using Voice over IP services	113
The fax subsystem	114
Fax card in the fax subsystem	114
Safety isolation	114
Safety-protection circuitry	114
Data path	115
Hook state	115
Downstream device detection	115
Hook switch control	115
Ring detect	116
Line current control	116
Billing- (metering-) tone filters	116
Fax page storage in flash memory	116
Stored fax pages	116
Advantages of flash memory storage	116
Removal and replacement	119
Removal and replacement strategy	120
General cautions during removal and replacement	120
Electrostatic discharge	120
Required tools	121
Types of screws	121
Service approach	122
Before performing service	122
After performing service	122
Post-service tests	123
Test 1 (print-quality test)	123
Test 2 (copy-quality test)	123
Test 3 (fax-quality test)	123
Parts removal order	124
Print cartridges	125
Control-panel overlay (base model)	126
Control panel (base model)	127
Control-panel bezel (fax/memory-card models)	129
Control panel (fax/memory-card models)	130
Reinstall the control panel (fax/memory-card models)	130
Paper-feed assemblies	132
Pickup roller (product base)	132
ADF pickup roller assembly	133
Separation roller (product base)	134
Transfer roller	136
Paper-guide assembly	138
External panels, covers, and doors	139
Front door and front-lower cover	139
Right cover	146
Left cover	149
Front-right cover	151
Reinstall the front-right cover	152
Memory-card reader PCA (fax/memory-card models only)	153
Card cover or blanking cover	154
Rear-side cover	156
Rear-upper cover	157
Rear door and rear-lower cover	159
Scanner assembly	161
Top cover	163
Internal assemblies	165
Print-cartridge drawer	165
Main motor	168
Speaker (fax/memory-card models only)	169
Intermediate transfer belt (ITB)	170
Reinstall the ITB	173
DC controller PCA	175
Special considerations	175
Remove the DC controller PCA	175
Formatter and fax card PCAs	179
Special considerations	179
Remove the formatter PCA	179
Fuser motor	182
Power supply (high-voltage)	183
Power supply (low voltage)	187
Reinstall the power supply (low voltage)	193
Power supply (fuser)	194
Fuser	197
Problem solve	201
Menu map	202
Troubleshooting process	203
Pre-troubleshooting checklist	203
Power-on checks	204
Troubleshooting tools	205
LED diagnostics	205
Network LEDs (network models only)	205
Control panel LEDs	205
Memory card LED (fax/memory-card models only)	205
Control-panel diagnostics	206
Diagrams	207
Block diagrams	207
Scanner and automatic document feeder (ADF) assemblies	207
Major components	209
Solenoid, sensors, and motors	211
Rollers	212
PCAs	213
Interface ports	214
DC controller PCA	215
Timing diagram	217
Circuit diagram	218
Print-quality troubleshooting tools	219
Repetitive image defects	219
Calibrate the product	219
Internal print quality test pages	220
Cleaning page	220
Service page	220
Diagnostics pages	220
HP ToolboxFX software	222
Control-panel messages	223
Event-log messages	231
Paper-handling problems	233
Jams	233
Recover jams	233
Common causes of jams	234
Clear jams	235
Where to look for jams	235
Clear jams from the input-tray areas	235
Clear jams from the output-bin	236
Clear jams from the ADF (fax/memory-card models only)	237
Solve image quality problems	241
General image quality problems	241
Solve issues with color documents	245
Copy problems	246
Prevent copy problems	246
Image problems	246
Media-handling problems	248
Performance problems	249
Scan problems	250
Solve scanned-image problems	250
Scan-quality problems	252
Prevent scan-quality problems	252
Solve scan-quality problems	252
Solve performance problems	254
Solve connectivity problems	255
Solve direct-connection problems	255
Solve network problems (network models only)	255
Service mode functions	257
Service menu	257
Service menu settings	257
Secondary service menu	257
Open the secondary service menu	257
Secondary service menu structure	258
Product resets	259
Restore the factory-set defaults	259
NVRAM initialization	259
Solve fax problems (fax/memory-card models only)	260
Fax logs and reports	260
Print all fax reports	260
Print individual fax reports	260
Set the fax activity log to print automatically	261
Set the fax error report	261
Set the fax confirmation report	261
Include the first page of each fax on the fax confirmation, fax error, and last call reports	262
Perform a fax test	262
Change error correction and fax speed	262
Set the fax-error-correction mode	262
Change the fax speed	263
Problems sending faxes	263
Problems receiving faxes	265
Performance problems	268
Memory card problems (fax/memory-card models only)	269
Missing or wrong files	269
Index page not printing	269
Proof sheet not printing	270
Proof sheet not scanning	270
Issues with photo printing	271
Parts and diagrams	273
Order parts, accessories, and supplies	274
Supplies part numbers	275
Whole unit replacement	276
How to use the parts lists and diagrams	277
Scanner assembly	278
Product base assembly locations	282
Covers	284
Internal assemblies	286
Alphabetical parts list	294
Numerical parts list	300
Service and support	307
Hewlett-Packard limited warranty statement	307
Customer self repair warranty service	308
Print cartridge limited warranty statement	309
Customer support	310
Repack the product	311
Specifications	313
Physical specifications	314
Electrical specifications	314
Power consumption	314
Environmental specifications	315
Acoustic emissions	315
Skew specifications	315
Regulatory information	317
FCC regulations	318
Additional statements for telecom (fax) products	318
EU statement for telecom operation	318
New Zealand telecom statements	318
Telephone Consumer Protection Act (United States)	319
IC CS-03 requirements	319
Declarations of conformity	320
HP Color LaserJet CM1312	320
HP Color LaserJet CM1312nfi	320
Certificate of volatility	322
Country/region specific statements	323
Laser safety	323
Canadian DOC regulations	323
EMI statement (Korea)	323
Laser statement for Finland	323
Substances table (China)	324