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booting single user mode directly

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Linux system setup and recovery recovering your Linux system Table 2-1 Linux Commands (Continued) gunzip mke2fs probe zcat NOTE The man command is not available in rescue mode. Make sure you know how to use all the above commands before you use rescue mode. If your root file system is undamaged, you can mount it and then run any standard Linux utility. For example, suppose your root file system is in /dev/hda5. Here is how to mount this partition: mount -t ext2 /dev/hda5 /foo Where /foo is a directory that you have created. Now you can run man and other utilities. At this point, you are running Linux in single-user mode. If you do not know the names of your Linux partitions, you can guess; mounting non-existent partitions will do no harm. booting single user mode directly You may be able to boot single-user mode directly. If your system boots, but does not allow you to login when it has completed booting, try rebooting and specifying one of these options at the LILO boot prompt: LILO boot: linux single LILO boot: linux emergency In single-user mode, you computer boots to run level 1. Your local file systems will be mounted but your network will not be activated. You get a usable system maintenance shell. In emergency mode, you are booted into the most minimal environment possible. The root file system will be mounted read-only and almost nothing will be set up. The main advantage of this over Linux single user is that your init files are not loaded. If init is corrupted or not working, you can still mount file systems to recover data that could be lost during a re-installation. 46 Chapter 2

Section	Page
getting started guide	1
getting started guide	1
getting started guide	1
hp Linux workstation x2100	1
Manufacturing Part Number: A7818-90015	1
Edition E0202	1
© Copyright 2002	1
© Copyright 2002	1
Hewlett-Packard Company	1
legal notices	2
legal notices	2
Hewlett-Packard Co.	3
Hewlett-Packard Co.	3
Technical Computer Division	3
3404 E. Harmony Rd. Fort Collins, CO 80525	3
preface	7
preface	7
important warnings	7
important warnings	7
avoiding electrical shocks	7
avoiding electrical shocks	7
WARNING To avoid electrical shock, do not open the power supply. There are no user-serviceable pa...	7
removing and replacing the cover	7
removing and replacing the cover	7
WARNING For your safety, never remove the workstation cover without first disconnecting the power...	7
safety information	8
safety information	8
WARNING There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly installed. For your safety, ...	8
if you have a modem	8
if you have a modem	8
• Do not attempt to connect this product to the phone line during a lightning storm. Never instal...	8
• Do not attempt to connect this product to the phone line during a lightning storm. Never instal...	8
• Never touch or remove the communications board without first removing the connection to the tel...	8
• Use minimum Nº 26 AWG wire for telephone cable.	8
WARNING Some parts inside the computer may be hot, wait for them to cool down before touching them.	8
avoiding static electricity	9
avoiding static electricity	9
CAUTION Static electricity can damage electronic components. Turn OFF all equipment before instal...	9
information on ergonomic issues	9
information on ergonomic issues	9
recycling your workstation	9
recycling your workstation	9
finding information and help	10
finding information and help	10
<TABLE>	10
<TABLE HEADING>	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
If you want...	10
Refer to...	10
<TABLE BODY>	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
To set up your computer	10
• x2100 Installation Poster — shipped with the workstation, basic information only.	10
• x2100 Installation Poster — shipped with the workstation, basic information only.	10
• x2100 Installation Poster — shipped with the workstation, basic information only.	10
• This manual — basic information only.	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
To troubleshoot your workstation, install accessories, find part numbers.	10
• This manual — basic information only.	10
• This manual — basic information only.	10
• This manual — basic information only.	10
• x2100 Technical Reference/Troubleshooting Manual-- complete information (web accessible, see be...	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Support information	10
www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport — downloadable documentation, drivers and utilities, service and...	10
www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport	10
<TABLE ROW>	10
Warranty information	10
This manual. See “Hardware Warranty” or “hp Software Limited Warranty” in Appendix A of this book.	10
downloadable documentation from hp’s web site	10
downloadable documentation from hp’s web site	10
hp x2100 technical characteristics	11
hp x2100 technical characteristics	11
<TABLE>	11
<TABLE BODY>	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Characteristics	11
hp x2100 workstation	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Weight (configuration with one CD-ROM drive, excluding keyboard and display)	11
14.4 kg (31.68 pounds)	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Dimensions	11
Width: 21.0cm (8.26in.) Height: 49.0cm (19.29in.) Depth: 47.0cm (18.50in.)	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Footprint	11
0.09 m2 (1.06 sq ft).	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Acoustic noise emission (ISO7779)	11
Sound power level	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Power Supply	11
100 - 127 VAC, 5.5 A	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Power consumption	11
25 W	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Storage Humidity	11
8% to 85% (relative)	11
<TABLE ROW>	11
Operating Temperature	11
+10 C to +35 C (+40 F to +95F).	11
NOTE Operating temperature and humidity ranges may vary depending on the mass storage devices ins...	11
NOTE When the computer is turned off with the power button on the front panel, the power consumpt...	11
1 setting up and using your workstation	13
1 setting up and using your workstation	13
setting up your x2100 workstation	14
setting up your x2100 workstation	14
WARNING If you have any doubt that you can lift the workstation or monitor safely, do not try to ...	14
1. When you receive your workstation, verify that you have all of the components as shipped.	14
1. When you receive your workstation, verify that you have all of the components as shipped.	14
2. Place the workstation in an area with easily accessible power outlets and enough space for th...	14
3. Position the workstation so that its rear connectors are easily accessible.	14
installation tools	14
installation tools	14
connecting devices	14
connecting devices	14
Figure11 Location of Rear Panel Connectors	15
Figure11 Location of Rear Panel Connectors	15
<GRAPHIC>	15
Figure12 Typical Connectors	15
<GRAPHIC>	16
connecting optional accessories	16
WARNING When you start your system, the speaker and headphone volume is set to maximum. Always tu...	16
NOTE Plugging in the speaker/headphone (lime green connector) will disable the Workstation’s inte...	16
connecting the power cord	16
connecting the power cord	16
WARNING For your safety always connect equipment to a grounded wall outlet. Always use a power co...	16
1. Connect the power cords to the rear of the monitor and the computer. (	16
1. Connect the power cords to the rear of the monitor and the computer. (	16
2. Connect the monitor’s power cord and the computer’s power cord to a grounded outlet.	16
selecting a monitor for your workstation	17
selecting a monitor for your workstation	17
Table 11	17
CAUTION To prevent possible damage to your monitor, make sure you select a monitor that supports ...	17
<TABLE>	17
Table11 Graphics Card Resolutions and Frequencies	17
<TABLE HEADING>	17
<TABLE ROW>	17
Graphics Card	17
Display Resolution	17
Vertical Frequency (Hz)	17
<TABLE BODY>	17
<TABLE ROW>	17
Matrox G450	17
640¥480 800¥600 1024¥768 1280¥1024 1600¥1200 1920¥1200 2048¥1536	17
60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 160, 200 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 160, 200 60, 70, 72, 75, 85,...	17
<TABLE ROW>	17
nVidia Quadro2 EX	17
640¥480 800¥600 1024¥768 1280¥1024 1600¥1200 1920¥1200 2048¥1536	17
60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144, 150, 170, 200, 240 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144...	17
<TABLE ROW>	18
nVidia Quadro2 Pro	18
640¥480 800¥600 1024¥768 1280¥1024 1600¥1200 1920¥1200 2048¥1536	18
60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144, 150, 170, 200, 240 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144...	18
<TABLE ROW>	18
ATI Fire GL2	18
640¥480 800¥600 1024¥768 1280¥1024 1600¥1200 1920¥1200	18
60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85 60, 75, 76	18
<TABLE ROW>	18
ATI Fire GL4	18
640¥480 800¥600 1024¥768 1280¥1024 1600¥1200 1920¥1200 2048¥1536	18
60, 75, 85, 100, 120 60, 75, 85, 100, 1203 60, 75, 85, 100, 1203 60, 75, 85, 100, 1203 60, 75, 85...	18
starting and stopping your Linux workstation	19
starting and stopping your Linux workstation	19
starting your workstation for the first time	19
starting your workstation for the first time	19
initializing your software	20
initializing your software	20
NOTE Do NOT switch OFF the workstation while the software is being initialized—this could cause u...	20
1. Turn on the display first, and then turn on the Linux workstation.	20
1. Turn on the display first, and then turn on the Linux workstation.	20
2. When the workstation is switched on, it performs a Power-On-Self-Test (POST). Press	20
3. If you have set a password in the workstation’s	20
stopping your Linux workstation	20
stopping your Linux workstation	20
setting hardware passwords in the hp setup program	21
setting hardware passwords in the hp setup program	21
to set a password	21
to set a password	21
1. Turn on the display and then the workstation. If the workstation is already turned on, save ...	21
1. Turn on the display and then the workstation. If the workstation is already turned on, save ...	21
2. Press	21
3. Select the	21
4. Select the	21
5. Choose the Set Administrator or User Password setup item. You must enter your password twice.	21
6. To save your changes and exit the Setup program, press	21
if you forget your user password	22
if you forget your user password	22
1. Switch off the Workstation.	22
1. Switch off the Workstation.	22
2. Re-start the Workstation. If you are prompted for a password, enter the Administration passw...	22
3. When Press F2 to Enter Setup appears, press the F2 key.	22
4. Enter the Administrator password to access the Setup program.	22
5. Go to the Security menu.	22
6. Go to the Set User Password field and set a new User Password. This will replace the old pas...	22
7. Press Esc or select Exit Menu to save the new password. and exit Setup.	22
viewing your workstation configuration	23
viewing your workstation configuration	23
1. Turn on the display and then the workstation. If the workstation is already turned on, save y...	23
1. Turn on the display and then the workstation. If the workstation is already turned on, save y...	23
2. When the start-up logo appears on your display, press	23
configuring your workstation	24
configuring your workstation	24
starting the hp Setup program	24
starting the hp Setup program	24
1. Turn on the display and then the workstation. If the workstation is already turned on, save y...	24
1. Turn on the display and then the workstation. If the workstation is already turned on, save y...	24
2. Press	24
main menu	24
main menu	24
• The installed BIOS version	24
• The installed BIOS version	24
• Reset Configuration Data	24
• System Time	24
• System Date	24
• Key Click	24
• Key Auto-Repeat Speed	24
• Delay Before Auto-Repeat	24
• NumLock at Power-on	24
advanced menu	25
advanced menu	25
• Configure memory caching, USB ports, Integrated I/O Ports and Integrated Audio Devices	25
• Configure memory caching, USB ports, Integrated I/O Ports and Integrated Audio Devices	25
• Enable floppy disk drives, IDE devices (Primary and Secondary)	25
• Workstation Devices.	25
security menu	25
security menu	25
boot menu	25
boot menu	25
power menu	25
power menu	25
using power management	26
using power management	26
software and driver availability	26
software and driver availability	26
working in comfort and safety	27
working in comfort and safety	27
preparing your work environment	27
preparing your work environment	27
• Work Surface Height	27
• Work Surface Height	27
• Work Surface Height	27
• Chair	27
• Chair	27
• Monitor	27
• Monitor	27
• Work Surface Arrangement	27
• Work Surface Arrangement	27
CAUTION Various aspects of using mice, keyboards and other input devices may increase your risk o...	28
your work posture	28
your work posture	28
• Head	28
• Head	28
• Head	28
• Back	28
• Back	28
• Arms	28
• Arms	28
• Hands, Wrists, Forearms	28
• Hands, Wrists, Forearms	28
• Legs	28
• Legs	28
• Feet	29
• Feet	29
additional ergonomic issues	29
additional ergonomic issues	29
• Look away from the screen from time-to-time to help reduce eyestrain. Focus on distant objects ...	29
• Look away from the screen from time-to-time to help reduce eyestrain. Focus on distant objects ...	29
• Remember to occasionally shift position and move your body. Keeping your body in one position f...	29
• Changing tasks frequently will help prevent muscle stiffness. Examples: alternating between key...	29
• Discomfort may be alleviated by using alternative ergonomic designs and accessories such as erg...	29
additional system information and help	30
additional system information and help	30
<GRAPHIC>	30
2 Linux system setup and recovery	31
2 Linux system setup and recovery	31
configuring your Linux workstation	32
configuring your Linux workstation	32
NOTE You cannot re-run the Linux Setup Tool.	32
<GRAPHIC>	33
setting the root password	33
setting the root password	33
<GRAPHIC>	33
CAUTION Do not click on the	33
NOTE Write your password down and keep it in a secure place. If you forget it, you will not be ab...	33
changing boot/network parameters	34
changing boot/network parameters	34
<GRAPHIC>	34
1. Static boot protocol	34
1. Static boot protocol	34
2. DHCP boot protocol	35
3. BOOTP boot protocol	35
CAUTION Do not click on the	35
setting up network authorization parameters	36
setting up network authorization parameters	36
<GRAPHIC>	36
CAUTION Do not click on the	36
Xserver parameters	37
Xserver parameters	37
<GRAPHIC>	37
CAUTION Do not click on the	37
Domain Name Server (DNS) parameters configuration	38
Domain Name Server (DNS) parameters configuration	38
<GRAPHIC>	38
CAUTION Do not click on the	39
system time, timezone and date parameters	39
system time, timezone and date parameters	39
time zone	39
time zone	39
CAUTION Do not click on the	40
setting keyboard language (required)	40
setting keyboard language (required)	40
<GRAPHIC>	40
CAUTION Do not click on the	41
Netscape preferences	42
Netscape preferences	42
<GRAPHIC>	42
CAUTION Do not click on the	42
summary	43
summary	43
<GRAPHIC>	43
NOTE The system will not let you exit until you have set the root password.	43
recovering your Linux system	44
recovering your Linux system	44
the Linux rescue mode	44
the Linux rescue mode	44
booting your system in rescue mode	44
booting your system in rescue mode	44
1. By booting your system from the diskette or CD-ROM that came with your Red Hat Linux boxed set.	44
1. By booting your system from the diskette or CD-ROM that came with your Red Hat Linux boxed set.	44
2. By booting from a network or PCMCIA boot diskette. These methods assume your network connect...	44
bash#	44
<TABLE>	45
Table21 Linux Commands (Continued)	45
<TABLE BODY>	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
anaconda	45
anaconda	45
gzip	45
gzip	45
mke2fs.ext2	45
mke2fs.ext2	45
ps	45
ps	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
badblocks	45
badblocks	45
head	45
head	45
mknod	45
mknod	45
python	45
python	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
bash	45
bash	45
hwclock	45
hwclock	45
mkraid	45
mkraid	45
python1.5	45
python1.5	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
cat	45
cat	45
ifconfig	45
ifconfig	45
mkswap	45
mkswap	45
raidstart	45
raidstart	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
chatter	45
chatter	45
init	45
init	45
mlabel	45
mlabel	45
raidstop	45
raidstop	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
chmod	45
chmod	45
insmod	45
insmod	45
mmd	45
mmd	45
rcp	45
rcp	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
chroot	45
chroot	45
less	45
less	45
mmount	45
mmount	45
rlogin	45
rlogin	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
clock	45
clock	45
ln	45
ln	45
mmove	45
mmove	45
rm	45
rm	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
collage	45
collage	45
loader	45
loader	45
modprobe	45
modprobe	45
rmmod	45
rmmod	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
cp	45
cp	45
ls	45
ls	45
mount	45
mount	45
route	45
route	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
cpio	45
cpio	45
lsattr	45
lsattr	45
mpartition	45
mpartition	45
rpm	45
rpm	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
dd	45
dd	45
lsmod	45
lsmod	45
mrd	45
mrd	45
rsh	45
rsh	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
ddcprobe	45
ddcprobe	45
mattrib	45
mattrib	45
mread	45
mread	45
sed	45
sed	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
depmode	45
depmode	45
mbadblocks	45
mbadblocks	45
mren	45
mren	45
sh	45
sh	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
df	45
df	45
mcd	45
mcd	45
mshowfat	45
mshowfat	45
sync	45
sync	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
e2fsck	45
e2fsck	45
mcopy	45
mcopy	45
mt	45
mt	45
tac	45
tac	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
fdisk	45
fdisk	45
mdel	45
mdel	45
mtools	45
mtools	45
tail	45
tail	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
fsck	45
fsck	45
mdeltree	45
mdeltree	45
mtype	45
mtype	45
tar	45
tar	45
<TABLE ROW>	45
fsck.ext2	45