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VPN Process Overview, Network Interfaces and Addresses, Interface Addressing - review

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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538 VPN Process Overview Even though IPSec is standards-based, each vendor has its own set of terms and procedures for implementing the standard. Because of these differences, it may be a good idea to review some of the terms and the generic processes for connecting two gateways before diving into to the specifics. Network Interfaces and Addresses The VPN gateway is aptly named because it functions as a "gatekeeper" for each of the computers connected on the Local Area Network behind it. In most cases, each Gateway will have a "public" facing address (WAN side) and a "private" facing address (LAN side). These addresses are referred to as the "network interface" in documentation regarding the construction of VPN communication. Please note that the addresses used in the example. Interface Addressing This TechNote uses example addresses provided the VPN Consortium. It is important to understand that you will be using addresses specific to the devices that you are attempting to connect via IPSec VPN. 10.5.6.0/24 VPNC Example Network Interface Addressing 172.23.9.0/24 LAN IP 10.5.6.1 Gateway A 14.15.16.17 WAN IP 22.23.24.25 WAN IP Gateway B LAN IP 172.23.9.1 Figure 9-7: VPNC Example Network Interface Addressing Virtual Private Networking D-7 January 2005

Section	Page
Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538	1
Product and Publication Details	6
Contents	7
Chapter 1 About This Manual	15
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats	15
How to Use This Manual	16
How to Print this Manual	17
Chapter 2 Introduction	19
Key Features of the VPN Firewall	19
Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing	20
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering	20
Security	21
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink	21
Extensive Protocol Support	22
Easy Installation and Management	22
Maintenance and Support	23
Package Contents	23
The Router’s Front Panel	24
The Router’s Rear Panel	26
Rack Mounting the Router	26
The Router’s IP Address, Login Name, and Password	27
Logging into the Router	27
Default Factory Settings	28
NETGEAR Related Products	29
Chapter 3 Network Planning	31
Overview of the Planning Process	31
Inbound Traffic	31
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	31
The Roll-over Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports	32
The Load Balancing Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports	32
Inbound Traffic	33
Inbound Traffic to Single WAN Port (Reference Case)	33
Inbound Traffic to Dual WAN Port Systems	33
Inbound Traffic: Dual WAN Ports for Improved Reliability	34
Inbound Traffic: Dual WAN Ports for Load Balancing	34
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	35
VPN Road Warrior (Client-to-Gateway)	36
VPN Road Warrior: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case)	36
VPN Road Warrior: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability	37
VPN Road Warrior: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing	38
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway	39
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Single Gateway WAN Ports (Reference Case)	39
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability	40
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing	41
VPN Telecommuter (Client-to-Gateway Through a NAT Router)	42
VPN Telecommuter: Single Gateway WAN Port (Reference Case)	42
VPN Telecommuter: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Improved Reliability	43
VPN Telecommuter: Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing	44
Chapter 4 Connecting the FVX538 to the Internet	45
What You Will Need to Do Before You Begin	45
Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements	47
Computer Network Configuration Requirements	47
Internet Configuration Requirements	47
Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters?	48
Record Your Internet Connection Information	49
Connecting the FVX538 ProSafe VPN Firewall 200	50
Step 1: Physically Connect the VPN Firewall to Your Network (Required)	51
Step 2: Log in to the VPN Firewall (Required)	51
Step 3: Configure the Internet Connections to Your ISPs (Required)	52
Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection	56
Programming the Traffic Meter (if Desired)	57
Step 4: Configure the WAN Mode (Required for Dual WAN)	59
Rollover Setup	60
Load Balancing (and Protocol Binding) Setup	61
Step 5: Configure Dynamic DNS (If Needed)	64
Step 6: Configure the WAN Options (If Needed)	67
Chapter 5 LAN Configuration	69
Using the LAN IP Setup Options	69
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters	70
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server	72
Using Address Reservation	73
Multi Home LAN IPs	74
DMZ Setup	74
Step 1: Enable the DMZ port	75
Step 2: Define the DMZ port rules	76
Configuring Static Routes	77
Chapter 6 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering	79
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview	79
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic	79
Services-Based Rules	82
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding)	83
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking)	91
Customized Services	94
Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities	96
Managing Groups and Hosts	98
Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic	100
Time Zone	102
Block Sites	102
Source MAC Filtering	105
Port Triggering	106
Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts	108
Syslog	111
Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access	111
Administrator Information	113
Chapter 7 Virtual Private Networking	115
Dual WAN Port Systems	115
Rollover vs. Load Balancing Mode	115
Fully Qualified Domain Names	116
Creating a VPN Connection: Between FVX538 and FVX538	119
Configuring the FVX538	119
Configuring the FVS338	123
Testing the Connection	125
Creating a VPN Connection: Netgear VPN Client to FVX538	125
Configuring the FVX538	126
Configuring the VPN Client	126
Testing the Connection	134
Chapter 8 Router and Network Management	137
Performance Management	137
Bandwidth Capacity	137
VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic	138
Service Blocking	138
Block Sites	140
Source MAC Filtering	141
VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic	141
Port Forwarding	141
Port Triggering	143
DMZ Port	143
VPN Tunnels	144
Using QoS to Shift the Traffic Mix	144
Tools for Traffic Management	144
Administrator and Guest Access Authorization	144
Changing the Passwords and Login Timeout	145
Enabling Remote Management Access	145
Command Line Interface	147
Event Alerts	148
WAN Port Rollover	148
Traffic Limits Reached	148
Login Failures and Attacks	149
Monitoring	151
Viewing VPN Firewall Status and Time Information	151
Firewall Status	151
Time Information	153
WAN Ports	155
WAN Port Connection Status	155
Dynamic DNS Status	156
Internet Traffic Information	156
LAN Ports and Attached Devices	157
Known PCs and Devices	157
DHCP Log	159
Port Triggering Status	159
Firewall	160
VPN Tunnels	163
SNMP	164
Diagnostics	164
Configuration File Management	166
Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration	167
Upgrading the Firewall Software	167
Erasing the Configuration (Factory Defaults Reset)	168
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting	171
Basic Functioning	171
Power LED Not On	171
LEDs Never Turn Off	172
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On	172
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface	173
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection	174
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility	175
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall	175
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device	176
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password	177
Problems with Date and Time	177
Appendix A Technical Specifications	179
Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics	181
Related Publications	181
Basic Router Concepts	181
What is a Router?	182
Routing Information Protocol	182
IP Addresses and the Internet	182
Netmask	184
Subnet Addressing	185
Private IP Addresses	187
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT	188
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol	189
Related Documents	189
Domain Name Server	190
IP Configuration by DHCP	190
Internet Security and Firewalls	190
What is a Firewall?	191
Stateful Packet Inspection	191
Denial of Service Attack	191
Ethernet Cabling	191
Category 5 Cable Quality	192
Inside Twisted Pair Cables	193
Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching	194
Appendix C Preparing Your Network	197
Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking	197
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking	198
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components	198
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings	200
Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method	202
Verifying TCP/IP Properties	202
Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking	203
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components	203
Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings	204
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP	204
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000	206
DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4	209
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4	211
Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking	212
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x	212
MacOS X	212
Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers	213
Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account	214
Are Login Protocols Used?	214
What Is Your Configuration Information?	214
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers	215
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers	216
Restarting the Network	217
Appendix D Virtual Private Networking	219
What is a VPN?	219
What Is IPSec and How Does It Work?	220
IPSec Security Features	220
IPSec Components	220
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)	221
Authentication Header (AH)	222
IKE Security Association	222
Mode	223
Key Management	224
Understand the Process Before You Begin	224
VPN Process Overview	225
Network Interfaces and Addresses	225
Interface Addressing	225
Firewalls	226
Setting Up a VPN Tunnel Between Gateways	226
VPNC IKE Security Parameters	228
VPNC IKE Phase I Parameters	228
VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters	229
Testing and Troubleshooting	229
Additional Reading	229
Glossary	231
List of Glossary Terms	231
Numeric	231
A	232
B	232
C	233
D	233
E	234
G	235
I	235
L	237
M	237
P	238
Q	239
R	239
S	239
T	240
U	240

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Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538

Virtual Private Networking

D-7

January 2005

VPN Process Overview

Even though IPSec is standards-based, each vendor has its own set of terms and procedures for

implementing the standard. Because of these differences, it may be a good idea to review some of

the terms and the generic processes for connecting two gateways before diving into to the

specifics.

Network Interfaces and Addresses

The VPN gateway is aptly named because it functions as a “gatekeeper” for each of the computers

connected on the Local Area Network behind it.

In most cases, each Gateway will have a “public” facing address (WAN side) and a “private”

facing address (LAN side). These addresses are referred to as the “network interface” in

documentation regarding the construction of VPN communication. Please note that the addresses

used in the example.

Interface Addressing

This TechNote uses example addresses provided the VPN Consortium. It is important to

understand that you will be using addresses specific to the devices that you are attempting to

connect via IPSec VPN.

Figure 9-7:

VPNC Example Network Interface Addressing

Gateway A

22.23.24.25

14.15.16.17

10.5.6.0/24

172.23.9.0/24

172.23.9.1

10.5.6.1

WAN IP

LAN IP

Gateway B

VPNC Example

Network Interface Addressing