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Cropping images, To rotate or ﬂip an entire image, To crop an image using the crop tool

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Adobe Photoshop Help Using Help | Contents | Index Transforming and Retouching Back 178 To rotate or flip an entire image: Choose Image > Rotate Canvas, and choose one of the following commands from the submenu: • 180°to rotate the image by a half-turn. • 90° CW to rotate the image clockwise by a quarter-turn. • 90° CCW to rotate the image counterclockwise by a quarter-turn. • Arbitrary to rotate the image by the angle you specify. If you choose this option, enter an angle between -359.99 and 359.99 in the angle text box, and then select CW or CCW to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. Click OK. • Flip Canvas Horizontal (Photoshop) or Flip Horizontal (ImageReady) to flip the image horizontally, along the vertical axis. • Flip Canvas Vertical (Photoshop) or Flip Vertical (ImageReady) to flip the image vertically, along the horizontal axis. Cropping images Cropping is the process of removing portions of an image to create focus or strengthen the composition. You can crop an image using the crop tool and the Crop command. You can also trim pixels using the Trim command. The crop tool provides the most options for cropping images. To crop an image using the crop tool: 1 Select the crop tool . 2 Set the mode of the crop tool: • (Photoshop) To crop the image without resampling (default), make sure that all the text boxes in the options bar are empty. You can click the Clear button to quickly clear all text boxes. • (Photoshop) To resample the image during cropping, enter a height, width, and/or resolution in the options bar. • (ImageReady) To crop the image without resampling, make sure that Fixed Size is deselected in the options bar. • (ImageReady) To resample the image during cropping, select Fixed Size, and enter a height and width in the options bar. • To resample an image based on the dimensions and resolution of another image, open the other image, select the crop tool, and click Front Image in the options bar. (In ImageReady, you must select the Fixed Size option to access the Front Image button.) Then make the image you want to crop active. Resampling during cropping combines the function of the Image > Image Size command with that of the crop tool. (See "About resampling" on page 66.) 3 Define the cropping marquee by dragging over the part of the image you want to keep. The marquee doesn't have to be precise-you can adjust it later. Using Help | Contents | Index Back 178

Section	Page
Using Help	1
About online Help	1
Navigating in Help	1
Using bookmarks, the table of contents, the index, and Find	1
Printing the Help file	2
Contents	3
Introduction	4
Welcome	4
Registration	4
Installing Adobe Photoshop and ImageReady	4
Getting started	4
If you are new to Photoshop:	4
If you are an experienced Photoshop user:	5
If you want to focus on Web features:	5
If you want to concentrate on photo editing and retouching:	5
If you want to focus on productivity features:	5
Using the printed documentation	6
Using online Help	6
Using tool tips	6
Using Web resources	7
About Adobe Online	7
Using Adobe Online	7
Accessing Adobe Online through the Help menu	8
Other learning resources	9
Customer support	9
Customer support on Adobe Online	9
Additional customer support resources	9
An Overview of Adobe Photoshop	10
Explore state-of-the-art tools	10
Work more efficiently	10
Edit images with ease	11
Enjoy unlimited creative options	12
Create compelling Web designs	12
Enjoy precise typographic control	13
Stay ahead of deadlines	13
Automate repetitive tasks	13
Develop a reliable workflow	14
Maintain color precisely	14
What’s New in Photoshop 7.0	16
Meet every challenge	16
Stay competitive	17
Work with confidence	18
Take advantage of tighter-than-ever integration	18
Looking at the Work Area	20
Getting familiar with the workarea	20
About the work area	20
Using the toolbox	20
Toolbox overview (1 of 3)	21
Toolbox overview (2 of 3)	22
Toolbox overview (3 of 3)	23
Using the tools	24
Using the tool pointers	25
Using the tool options bar	26
Using the palette well (Photoshop)	26
Using tool presets (Photoshop)	27
Using palettes	28
Changing the palette display	28
Docking palettes together	29
Customizing your workspace	29
Using pop-up sliders	30
Using pop-up palettes	31
Using the Info palette (Photoshop)	32
Using context menus	33
Viewing images	33
Changing the screen display mode	33
Using the document window	34
Navigating the view area	34
Magnifying and reducing the view	35
Correcting mistakes	37
Reverting to a previous version of an image	38
About the History palette	38
Using the History palette	39
Setting history options (Photoshop)	40
Making a snapshot of an image (Photoshop)	40
Painting with a state or snapshot of an image (Photoshop)	42
Duplicating images	42
Using rulers, columns, themeasure tool, guides, andthe grid	43
Using rulers	43
Using columns (Photoshop)	44
Using the measure tool (Photoshop)	44
Using guides and the grid	45
Working with Extras	47
Displaying status information (Photoshop)	48
Displaying file and image information	48
Annotating images (Photoshop)	50
Adding notes and audio annotations	50
Opening and editing annotations	51
Jumping between applications	52
Jumping between Photoshop and ImageReady	52
Jumping to other applications (ImageReady)	52
Previewing an image in a browser	53
Managing libraries with the Preset Manager (Photoshop)	54
Setting preferences	56
Resetting all warning dialogs	56
Monitoring operations	57
Closing files and quitting	57
Using plug-in modules	58
Assigning scratch disks	60
Getting Images into Photoshop and ImageReady	61
About bitmap images and vector graphics	61
About image size and resolution	62
Changing image size and resolution	65
Displaying image size information	65
About resampling	66
Choosing an interpolation method	66
Changing the pixel dimensions of an image	67
Changing the print dimensions and resolution of an image (Photoshop)	67
Determining a recommended resolution for an image (Photoshop)	68
Scanning images	69
Importing scanned images	69
Importing an image using the TWAIN interface	69
Importing images using WIA (Windows Image Acquisition) Support	70
Scanning using the resolution setting (Photoshop)	71
Scanning using the file size setting (Photoshop)	72
Optimizing the dynamic range of the scan (Photoshop)	72
Eliminating unwanted color casts (Photoshop)	72
Creating new images	73
Opening and importing images	73
Opening files	73
Opening and importing PDF files	74
Opening PostScript artwork	76
Turning off anti-aliasing for PDF and EPS files (ImageReady)	76
Opening Photo CD files	76
Opening Raw files (Photoshop)	77
Importing anti-aliased PICT files (Mac OS)	77
Importing PICT resources (Mac OS)	78
Using the File Browser (Photoshop)	78
Placing files	80
Managing files with WebDAV (Photoshop)	82
About workgroup management	82
Getting started with workgroup management	82
Logging on and off WebDAV servers	83
Opening managed files	84
Checking files out and in	84
Saving changes to the server	85
Adding files to the server	85
Working with Color	86
About color modes and models (Photoshop)	86
HSB model	86
RGB model	87
RGB mode	87
CMYK model	88
CMYK mode	88
Lab model	89
Lab mode	89
Bitmap mode	89
Grayscale mode	89
Duotone mode	90
Indexed Color mode	90
Multichannel mode	90
Color gamuts (Photoshop)	91
Adjusting the monitor display	91
Specifying 8-bit color display (Photoshop)	91
Making previews display more quickly (Photoshop)	92
Adjusting color display for cross-platform variations	92
Channels and bit depth (Photoshop)	93
About color channels	93
About bit depth	93
Converting between bit depths	93
Converting between color modes (Photoshop)	94
Converting between Grayscale and Bitmap modes (Photoshop)	94
Making Grayscale and Bitmap mode conversions	95
Specifying predefined Bitmap conversion methods	95
Specifying halftone screens for Bitmapmode images	96
Specifying custom halftone screens for Bitmapmode images	97
Converting to indexed color (Photoshop)	97
Conversion options for indexed-color images (Photoshop)	98
Palette type	98
Number of colors	99
Color inclusion and transparency	99
Dithering	99
Customizing indexed color tables (Photoshop)	100
Using the color table to edit colors and assign transparency	100
Using predefined color tables	100
Saving and loading color tables	101
Producing Consistent Color (Photoshop)	102
Why colors sometimes don’tmatch	102
About color management	102
Do you need color management?	103
Creating a viewing environment for color management	104
Setting up color management	104
Using predefined color management settings	105
About working spaces	106
About color management policies	106
Working with policy warnings and messages	107
Customizing color management settings	107
Specifying working spaces	107
Specifying color management policies	108
Customizing advanced color management settings	110
Specifying a color management engine	110
Specifying a rendering intent	110
Using blackpoint compensation	111
Using dither	111
Desaturating monitor colors	112
Blending RGB colors	112
Saving and loading color management settings	112
Synchronizing color management between applications	113
Soft-proofing colors	113
Changing the color profile of a document	115
Embedding profiles in saved documents	116
Obtaining, installing, and updating color profiles	116
Adding device profiles to the color management system	117
Updating profiles	117
Creating an ICC monitor profile	117
Calibrating versus characterizing a monitor	118
About monitor calibration settings	118
Guidelines for creating an ICC monitor profile	118
Calibrating with Adobe Gamma (Windows)	119
Saving and loading working space profiles	119
Creating custom RGB profiles	120
Creating custom CMYK profiles	121
Entering custom CMYK settings	121
Specifying ink colors	122
Specifying dot gain	123
Adjusting the separation type and black generation	124
Creating custom grayscale and spot-color profiles	125
Compensating for dot gain in film using transfer functions	126
Printing a hard proof	127
Making Color and Tonal Adjustments	129
Basic steps for correcting images	129
1. Calibrate your monitor.	129
2. Check the scan quality and tonal range.	129
3. Adjust the tonal range.	129
4. Adjust the color balance.	130
5. Make other special color adjustments.	130
6. Sharpen the edges of the image.	131
Checking scan quality and tonal range (Photoshop)	131
Using the color adjustment tools	132
Making color adjustments	132
Seeing the color values of pixels (Photoshop)	133
Saving and reapplying settings	135
Comparing corrections in CMYK and RGB (Photoshop)	135
Identifying out-of-gamut colors (Photoshop)	136
Using the Levels dialog box	137
Using Levels to set highlights, shadows, and midtones	137
Using Levels to adjust color (Photoshop)	139
Using the Curves dialog box (Photoshop)	139
Using target values to set highlights and shadows (Photoshop)	141
Setting auto correction options (Photoshop)	144
Adjusting the gamma value of an image (ImageReady)	145
About the color wheel	146
Using the Color Balance command (Photoshop)	146
Using the Hue/Saturation command	147
Using the Replace Color command (Photoshop)	149
Using the Selective Color command (Photoshop)	149
Making quick overall adjustments to an image	150
Using the Brightness/Contrast command	150
Using the Auto Levels command	150
Using the Auto Contrast command	151
Using the Auto Color command (Photoshop)	151
Using the Variations command	152
Applying special color effects to images	152
Using the Desaturate command	153
Using the Invert command	153
Using the Equalize command (Photoshop)	153
Using the Threshold command (Photoshop)	154
Using the Posterize command (Photoshop)	154
Using the Gradient Map command (Photoshop)	155
Sharpening images	155
Selecting	157
About selections	157
Making pixel selections	157
Using the Select menu	157
Using the marquee tools	158
Using the lasso, polygonal lasso, and magnetic lasso tools	159
Setting options for the lasso, polygonal lasso, and magnetic lasso tools	160
Using the magic wand tool	161
Using the Color Range command (Photoshop)	161
Creating selections from slices (ImageReady)	164
Adjusting pixel selections	164
Moving, hiding, or inverting a selection	164
Adjusting selections manually	165
Adjusting selections numerically	165
Softening the edges of a selection	166
Moving, copying, and pasting selections and layers	167
Moving selections and layers within animage	167
Copying selections or layers	169
Using drag and drop to copy between applications	170
Using the Clipboard to copy between applications	171
Using the Snap command	172
Saving and loading selections	172
Deleting selections	173
Removing fringe pixels from a selection (Photoshop)	173
Extracting objects from their background (Photoshop)	174
Transforming and Retouching	177
Changing the size of the work canvas	177
Rotating and flipping entire images	177
Cropping images	178
Transforming perspective while cropping (Photoshop)	180
Transforming objects in two dimensions	181
Specifying what to transform	181
Setting the reference point	182
Applying transformations	182
Using the Free Transform command	184
Transforming objects in three dimensions	186
Transforming and manipulating objects	186
Modifying the preview image	187
Setting 3D rendering options	188
Cloning and repairing images	188
Using the clone stamp tool	188
Using the pattern stamp tool	189
Using the healing brush tool (Photoshop)	189
Using the patch tool (Photoshop)	191
Retouching images	192
Using the smudge tool	192
Using the focus tools	193
Using the toning tools	193
Using the sponge tool	193
Using the Liquify command	194
Using the Liquify dialog box	194
Distorting images	195
Freezing and thawing areas	196
Reconstructing distortions	197
Saving and loading distortions	199
Drawing	200
About drawing and painting	200
Drawing shapes and paths	200
About the drawing tools	200
Creating shape layers	201
Creating a work path (Photoshop)	201
Creating rasterized shapes	202
Using the shape tools	203
Setting shape tool options	203
Using preset shapes (Photoshop)	204
Controlling a shape as you draw it	205
Using the pen tools (Photoshop)	205
Drawing with the pen tool	205
Drawing straight segments with the pentool	205
Drawing curves with the pen tool	206
Drawing with the freeform pen tool	208
Editing shape layers	209
Using the Paths palette (Photoshop)	209
Editing paths (Photoshop)	210
About anchor points, direction lines, direction points, and components	210
Selecting paths (Photoshop)	211
Moving, reshaping, and deleting path segments	213
Moving, reshaping, copying, and deleting path components	214
Aligning and distributing path components	215
Adding, deleting, and converting anchor points	216
Managing paths (Photoshop)	217
Converting between paths and selection borders (Photoshop)	218
Converting paths to selection borders	218
Converting selection borders to paths	219
Adding color to paths (Photoshop)	220
Filling paths with color	220
Stroking to paint path borders	221
Painting	222
Using the painting tools (Photoshop)	222
Using the painting tools (ImageReady)	223
Erasing	223
Using the eraser tool	224
Using the magic eraser tool	224
Using the background eraser tool (Photoshop)	225
Using the Auto Erase option	226
Using the art history brush tool (Photoshop)	226
Working with brushes	228
Using the Brushes palette (Photoshop)	228
Selecting preset brushes	228
Customizing brush tips (Photoshop)	230
About brush dynamics (Photoshop)	231
Specifying brush shape dynamics (Photoshop)	232
Specifying brush scattering (Photoshop)	233
Creating textured brushes (Photoshop)	234
Creating dual brushes (Photoshop)	236
Specifying color dynamics (Photoshop)	236
Specifying paint dynamics (Photoshop)	237
Adding noise to brush strokes (Photoshop)	238
Using wet brush edges (Photoshop)	238
Creating airbrush effects (Photoshop)	239
Smoothing brush strokes (Photoshop)	239
Protecting texture in brush strokes (Photoshop)	239
Copying textures between tools (Photoshop)	239
Clearing brush options (Photoshop)	239
Creating and managing preset brushes (Photoshop)	240
Setting options for painting and editing tools	241
Selecting a blending mode	241
Specifying opacity, flow, strength, or exposure	243
Using the gradient tool (Photoshop)	244
Applying a gradient fill	244
Creating smooth gradient fills	245
Specifying the gradient transparency	246
Creating noise gradient fills	247
Managing gradients	248
Using the paint bucket tool	249
Filling and stroking selections and layers	249
Filling a selection or layer with colors or patterns	249
Stroking a selection or layer with color	251
Creating and managing patterns	252
Defining patterns	252
Managing patterns (Photoshop)	252
Using the Pattern Maker	253
Generating patterns	254
Previewing patterns	255
Reviewing tiles and pattern previews	256
Specifying pattern smoothness and detail	257
Choosing foreground and background colors	257
Using color settings in the toolbox	258
Using the eyedropper tool	258
Using the Color palette	259
Using the Swatches palette	260
Using the Adobe Color Picker	261
Specifying a color using the color field and color slider	262
Specifying a color using numeric values	262
Using Web-safe colors	262
Recognizing nonprintable colors (Photoshop)	263
Choosing custom colors (Photoshop)	263
Choosing a custom color system (Photoshop)	264
Using other color pickers	265
Using Channels and Masks	266
About channels	266
Using the Channels palette (Photoshop)	266
Viewing channels	266
Changing the display of the palette	267
Selecting and editing channels	268
Managing channels (Photoshop)	268
Rearranging and renaming channels	268
Duplicating channels	268
Splitting channels into separate images	269
Merging channels	269
Deleting channels	270
Mixing color channels (Photoshop)	271
Adding spot colors (Photoshop)	272
About spot colors	272
Creating spot channels	272
Modifying spot channels	273
Adjusting overlapping spot colors	274
Using channel calculations to blend layers and channels (Photoshop)	275
Using the Apply Image command	275
Using the Calculations command	276
About the Add and Subtract blending modes	277
About masks (Photoshop)	277
Creating temporary masks in Quick Mask mode (Photoshop)	278
Storing masks in alpha channels	280
About alpha channels (Photoshop)	280
Creating alpha channels (Photoshop)	280
Saving a mask selection	281
Modifying alpha channels (Photoshop)	282
Loading a selection into an image	282
Using Layers	284
About layers	284
Using the Layers palette	284
Creating layers and layer sets	285
About the background layer	285
Adding layers and layer sets	286
Working with layered images	287
Selecting layers	287
Displaying the contents of layers	287
Duplicating layers	288
Changing the stacking order of layers	289
Linking layers	289
Repositioning the contents of layers	289
Locking layers	290
Unifying layers (ImageReady)	291
Sampling from layers	291
Managing layers	292
Renaming layers	292
Color coding layers	292
Rasterizing layers	292
Deleting layers	293
Merging layers	293
Flattening all layers	295
Tracking file size	295
Setting opacity and blending options	295
Setting layer opacity	295
Choosing a blending mode	296
Filling new layers with a neutral color	296
Specifying fill opacity	296
Specifying knockout options	297
Restricting blending to channels (Photoshop)	298
Grouping blend effects	299
Specifying a range for blending layers (Photoshop)	300
Using layer effects and styles	301
About layer effects and styles	301
Applying preset styles	302
Creating custom styles	303
Displaying layer styles	304
Editing styles	304
Modifying layer effects with contours (Photoshop)	307
Applying global lighting	308
Creating and managing preset styles	308
Copying and pasting styles	310
Scaling layer effects (Photoshop)	310
Removing layer effects	310
Converting layer styles to layers	311
Using adjustment layers and fill layers (Photoshop)	311
About adjustment layers and fill layers	312
Creating adjustment layers or fill layers	312
Editing adjustment layers or fill layers	314
Merging adjustment layers or fill layers	314
Masking layers	314
About masking layers	314
Creating and editing layer masks	315
Creating and editing vector masks	317
Unlinking layers and masks	318
Applying and discarding layer masks	318
Selecting opaque areas on a layer	318
Creating clipping groups	319
Applying Filters for Special Effects	321
About plug-in filters	321
Using filters	321

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Adobe Photoshop Help

Transforming and Retouching

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To rotate or ﬂip an entire image:

Choose Image > Rotate Canvas, and choose one of the following commands from the

submenu:

•

180°

to rotate the image by a half-turn.

•

90° CW to rotate the image clockwise by a quarter-turn.

•

90° CCW to rotate the image counterclockwise by a quarter-turn.

•

Arbitrary to rotate the image by the angle you specify. If you choose this option, enter

an angle between –359.99 and 359.99 in the angle text box, and then select CW or CCW

to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. Click OK.

•

Flip Canvas Horizontal (Photoshop) or Flip Horizontal (ImageReady) to ﬂip the image

horizontally, along the vertical axis.

•

Flip Canvas Vertical (Photoshop) or Flip Vertical (ImageReady) to ﬂip the image verti-

cally, along the horizontal axis.

Cropping images

Cropping is the process of removing portions of an image to create focus or strengthen

the composition. You can crop an image using the crop tool and the Crop command.

You can also trim pixels using the Trim command.

The crop tool provides the most options for cropping images.

To crop an image using the crop tool:

Select the crop tool

Set the mode of the crop tool:

•

(Photoshop) To crop the image without resampling (default), make sure that all the text

boxes in the options bar are empty. You can click the Clear button to quickly clear all

text boxes.

•

(Photoshop) To resample the image during cropping, enter a height, width, and/or

resolution in the options bar.

•

(ImageReady) To crop the image without resampling, make sure that Fixed Size is

deselected in the options bar.

•

(ImageReady) To resample the image during cropping, select Fixed Size, and enter a

height and width in the options bar.

•

To resample an image based on the dimensions and resolution of another image,

open the other image, select the crop tool, and click Front Image in the options bar.

(In ImageReady, you must select the Fixed Size option to access the Front Image

button.) Then make the image you want to crop active.

Resampling during cropping combines the function of the Image > Image Size

command with that of the crop tool. (See

“

out r

esampling

”

on page

Deﬁne the cropping marquee by dragging over the part of the image you want to keep.

The marquee doesn’t have to be precise—you can adjust it later.