Yamaha DVD-S2300MKII DVD-S2300MKII Manual - Page 39

APPENDIX GLOSSARY Bitstream In this manual, "bitstream" refers to the digital form of multiple channel audio data (e.g., 5.1 channel audio) before it is decoded into its various channels. Decoder A device or program that translates (decodes) encoded data on DVDs into an appropriate format. Frames Moving pictures are composed of a sequence of still images called frames. About 30 frames are shown each second (30fps). Each frame is composed of two interlaced fields. A television displays these fields in rapid succession to create frames. Frame stills and field stills A frame still is an image composed of two alternating fields. Edges may be slightly blurry, but the overall image quality is high. A field still is an image composed from only one of the two fields. The picture is not blurry, but contains only half of the visual information of a frame still. Group DVD-A A DVD audio disc is divided into large sections called "groups" and smaller sections called "tracks." The numbers allocated to these sections are called "group numbers" and "track numbers." Interlaced and progressive output NTSC, the video signal standard, uses 525 interlaced (i) scan lines. Progressive scanning uses twice that number of scan lines and is called 525p. The 525i video signals output from the unit's COMPONENT VIDEO OUT jacks (Y, PB, PR) allow you to enjoy higher quality pictures than if the signals were output from the video output jack or S VIDEO OUT jack. The COMPONENT VIDEO OUT jacks are also able to handle 525p (progressive) video signals, which are of even greater resolution. PCM Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) converts analog waves into digital signals. It is commonly used in the creation of music CDs. DVDs allow greater volume, and hence use linear PCM, which has a higher sampling rate. Compressed PCM signals are called packed PCM (PPCM). Pan&Scan/Letterbox In general, DVD-Video discs are produced with the intention of being viewed on a widescreen television with an aspect ratio of 16:9. This means you can view most material at the intended aspect ratio on a widescreen television. Material with this ratio will not fit onto a standard television with an aspect ratio of 4:3. Two picture styles, "Pan&Scan" and "Letterbox," resolve this issue. Pan&Scan: The sides of the image are trimmed so the picture can fill the screen. Letterbox: Black bands appear across the top and bot- tom of the image. The picture appears at an aspect ratio of 16:9. Playback control (PBC) The term "playback control" on a Video CD or its packaging indicates that certain scenes or information may viewed interactively or navigated by menu. This unit can play Video CDs that feature playback control. Sampling frequency and quantized bits When digitizing an analog audio signal, the number of times the signal is sampled per second constitutes the sampling frequency. The degree of fineness with which a sound level is converted into a numeric value is determined by the number of quantized bits. Title/Chapter DVD-V DVD-Video discs are divided into large sections (titles), and smaller sections (chapters). The numbers allocated to these sections are referred to as title numbers and chapter numbers. Track SACD DVD-A VCD CD A track is the smallest division on DVD-Audio, CD, and Video CD discs. It usually equates to a single song. English 35