Seagate ST800FM0022 Pulsar.2 SAS Product Manual - Page 43

P

ULSAR

.2 SAS P

RODUCT

M

ANUAL

, R

EV

. C

37

9.0

D

EFECT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT

Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are designed to increase data

integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.

SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error considerations (errors in

communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides the following technologies used to increase data

integrity and drive reliability:

•

Background Media Scan (see Section 9.4)

•

Auto-Reallocation (see Section 9.5)

The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management routines.

9.1

D

RIVE INTERNAL DEFECTS

/

ERRORS

During the initial drive manufacturing test operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable, and their

locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list). At factory format time, these known defects are also

deallocated, that is, marked as retired and the location listed in the defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not altered after factory

formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment are listed in the “G” list

(defects growth list). The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the READ DEFECT DATA command.

Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the

SAS Interface Manual

. Also, more information on the drive Error

Recovery philosophy is presented in the

SAS Interface Manual

.

The

drive uses a vendor unique format to report defects via the READ DEFECT DATA command pending T10 standardization of a format

for Solid State Devices. This format defect type is defined as 110b in the SCSI FORMAT UNIT command. The definition of the 110b format

is defined in the following table.

Table 13

SSD Physical format address descriptor

Bit

Byte

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0

(MSB)

MEDIA ID

1

(LSB)

2

CHANNEL

3

DIE

4

(MSB)

BLOCK

5

(LSB)

6

RESERVED

7

VENDOR UNIQUE

The MEDIA ID field contains an identifier for the flash controller for devices that utilize more than one flash controller.

The CHANNEL field contains the channel number within the corresponding Flash Controller.

The DIE field contains the die number within channel.

The BLOCK field contains the block number within the die.

The VENDOR UNIQUE field may contain vendor unique information.

Section	Page
Pulsar®.2 SAS	1
Seagate Technology Support Services	7
1.0 Scope	8
2.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation	9
2.1 Standards	9
2.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility	9
2.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance	10
2.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)	10
2.1.4 China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive	11
2.2 Reference documents	11
3.0 General description	12
3.1 Standard features	12
3.2 Media description	13
3.3 Performance	13
3.4 Reliability	13
3.5 Formatted capacities	13
3.6 Programmable drive capacity	14
3.7 Factory-installed options	14
3.8 Thin Provisioning	14
3.8.1 Logical Block Provisioning	14
3.8.2 Thin Provisioning capabilities	14
3.8.3 UNMAP	15
3.8.4 FORMAT UNIT command	15
3.8.5 Protection Information (PI) and Security (SED)	15
4.0 Performance characteristics	16
4.1 Internal drive characteristics	16
4.2 Performance characteristics	16
4.2.1 Access time	16
4.2.2 FORMAT UNIT command execution time for 512-byte LBA’s (minutes)	16
4.2.3 Performance	17
4.3 Start/stop time	18
4.4 Cache control	18
4.4.1 Caching write data	18
5.0 Reliability specifications	19
5.1 Error rates	19
5.1.1 Unrecoverable Errors	19
5.1.2 Interface errors	19
5.2 Endurance Management	20
5.2.1 Wear Leveling	20
5.2.2 Garbage Collection	20
5.2.3 Write Amplification	20
5.2.4 UNMAP	20
5.2.5 Data Retention	20
5.2.6 Lifetime Endurance Management (Available on select models)	20
5.2.7 SSD Percentage Used Endurance Indicator	20
5.3 Reliability and service	21
5.3.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)	21
5.3.2 Preventive maintenance	21
5.3.3 Hot plugging the drive	21
5.3.4 S.M.A.R.T.	21
5.3.5 Thermal monitor	22
5.3.6 Drive Self Test (DST)	23
5.3.7 Product warranty	24
6.0 Physical/electrical specifications	25
6.1 Power specifications	25
6.1.1 Power consumption	25
6.2 AC power requirements	25
6.3 DC power requirements	26
6.3.1 Conducted noise immunity	30
6.3.2 Power sequencing	30
6.3.3 Current profiles	30
6.4 Power dissipation	33
6.5 Environmental limits	34
6.5.1 Temperature	35
6.5.2 Relative humidity	35
6.5.3 Effective altitude (sea level)	35
6.5.4 Shock and vibration	36
6.5.5 Air cleanliness	37
6.5.6 Corrosive environment	37
6.5.7 Electromagnetic susceptibility	37
6.6 Mechanical specifications	38
7.0 About FIPS	40
8.0 About self-encrypting drives	41
8.1 Data encryption	41
8.2 Controlled access	41
8.2.1 Admin SP	41
8.2.2 Locking SP	41
8.2.3 Default password	41
8.3 Random number generator (RNG)	41
8.4 Drive locking	41
8.5 Data bands	42
8.6 Cryptographic erase	42
8.7 Authenticated firmware download	42
8.8 Power requirements	42
8.9 Supported commands	42
8.10 Sanitize - Cryptographic Erase	42
8.11 RevertSP	42
8.12 Sanitize Feature Set on SED Drives	42
9.0 Defect and error management	43
9.1 Drive internal defects/errors	43
9.2 Drive error recovery procedures	44
9.3 SAS system errors	44
9.4 Background Media Scan	44
9.5 Auto-Reallocation	44
9.6 Protection Information (PI)	45
9.6.1 Levels of PI	45
9.6.2 Setting and determining the current Type Level	45
9.6.3 Identifying a Protection Information drive	45
10.0 Installation	46
10.1 Drive orientation	46
10.2 Cooling	46
10.3 Drive mounting	47
10.4 Grounding	47
11.0 Interface requirements	48
11.1 SAS features	48
11.1.1 Task management functions	48
11.1.2 Task management responses	48
11.2 Dual port support	48
11.3 SCSI commands supported	49
11.3.1 INQUIRY data	53
11.3.2 MODE SENSE data	54
11.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions	59
11.4.1 SAS physical interface	59
11.4.2 Physical characteristics	62
11.4.3 Connector requirements	62
11.4.4 Electrical description	62
11.4.5 Pin descriptions	62
11.4.6 SAS transmitters and receivers	63
11.4.7 Power	63
11.5 Signal characteristics	63
11.5.1 Ready LED Out	63
11.5.2 Differential signals	64
11.6 SAS-2 Specification compliance	64

Seagate ST800FM0022 Pulsar.2 SAS Product Manual - Page 43

Defect And Error Management

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