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Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic, Services-Based Rules

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ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538 Reference Manual intrusions. NAT performs a very limited stateful inspection in that it considers whether the incoming packet is in response to an outgoing request, but true Stateful Packet Inspection goes far beyond NAT. Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other. You can configure up to 600 rules on the FVX538. Inbound rules (WAN to LAN) restrict access by outsiders to private resources, selectively allowing only specific outside users to access specific resources. Outbound rules (LAN to WAN) determine what outside resources local users can have access to. A firewall has two default rules, one for inbound traffic and one for outbound. The default rules of the FVX538 are: • Inbound: Block all access from outside except responses to requests from the LAN side. • Outbound: Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside. The firewall rules for blocking/allowing traffic on the VPN firewall can be applied to LAN/WAN traffic, DMZ/WAN traffic and LAN/DMZ traffic. Table 4-1. Supported FIrewall Rule Configurations Traffic Rule LAN WAN DMZ WAN LAN DMZ Outbound Rules 50 50 50 Inbound Rules 50 50 50 Services-Based Rules The rules to block traffic are based on the traffic's category of service. • Outbound Rules (service blocking) - Outbound traffic is normally allowed unless the firewall is configured to disallow it. • Inbound Rules (port forwarding) - Inbound traffic is normally blocked by the firewall unless the traffic is in response to a request from the LAN side. The firewall can be configured to allow this otherwise blocked traffic. 4-2 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering v1.0, March 2009

Section	Page
ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538 Reference Manual	1
Contents	7
About This Manual	15
Conventions, Formats and Scope	15
Revision History	16
Chapter 1 Introduction	17
Key Features	17
Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing	18
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering	18
Security Features	19
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink	19
Extensive Protocol Support	20
Easy Installation and Management	20
Maintenance and Support	21
Package Contents	21
Router Front and Rear Panels	22
Rack Mounting Hardware	24
The Router’s IP Address, Login Name, and Password	25
Chapter 2 Connecting the FVX538 to the Internet	27
Logging into the VPN Firewall	27
Configuring the Internet Connections to Your ISPs	28
Setting the Router’s MAC Address	30
Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection	30
Programming the Traffic Meter (if Desired)	32
Configuring the WAN Mode (Required for Dual WAN)	34
Setting Up Auto-Rollover Mode	35
Setting Up Load Balancing	38
Configuring Dynamic DNS (If Needed)	40
Configuring the Advanced WAN Options (If Needed)	43
Chapter 3 LAN Configuration	45
Choosing the Firewall DHCP Options	45
Configuring the LAN Setup Options	46
Configuring Multi Home LAN IPs	49
Managing Groups and Hosts (LAN Groups)	50
Creating the Network Database	51
Setting Up Address Reservation	53
Configuring and Enabling the DMZ Port	54
Static Routes	56
Configuring Static Routes	56
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)	58
Static Route Example	60
Chapter 4 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering	61
About Firewall Protection and Content Filtering	61
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic	62
Services-Based Rules	62
Order of Precedence for Rules	69
Setting LAN WAN Rules	69
Setting DMZ WAN Rules	72
Setting LAN DMZ Rules	74
Attack Checks	76
Session Limit	78
Inbound Rules Examples	80
Outbound Rules Example	84
Adding Customized Services	85
Setting Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities	87
Setting a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic	88
Setting Block Sites (Content Filtering)	89
Enabling Source MAC Filtering	91
IP/MAC Binding	93
Port Triggering	95
Bandwidth Limiting	97
E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts	99
Administrator Tips	103
Chapter 5 Virtual Private Networking	105
Considerations for Dual WAN Port Systems	105
Using the VPN Wizard for Client and Gateway Configurations	107
Creating Gateway to Gateway VPN Tunnels with the Wizard	107
Creating a Client to Gateway VPN Tunnel	110
Testing the Connections and Viewing Status Information	116
NETGEAR VPN Client Status and Log Information	116
FVX538 VPN Connection Status and Logs	118
VPN Tunnel Policies	119
IKE Policy	119
VPN Policy	121
Certificate Authorities	123
Generating a Self Certificate Request	124
Uploading a Trusted Certificate	126
Managing your Certificate Revocation List (CRL)	126
Extended Authentication (XAUTH) Configuration	127
Configuring XAUTH for VPN Clients	128
User Database Configuration	129
RADIUS Client Configuration	131
Assigning IP Addresses to Remote Users (ModeConfig)	133
Mode Config Operation	133
Configuring the VPN Firewall	134
Configuring the ProSafe VPN Client for ModeConfig	137
Chapter 6 Router and Network Management	143
Performance Management	143
Bandwidth Capacity	143
VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic	144
VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic	147
Using QoS to Shift the Traffic Mix	149
Tools for Traffic Management	150
Administration	150
Changing Passwords and Settings	150
RADIUS Server External Authentication	152
Enabling Remote Management Access	153
Using a SNMP Manager	156
Settings Backup and Firmware Upgrade	157
Setting the Time Zone	161
Monitoring the Router	162
Enabling the Traffic Meter	162
Setting Login Failures and Attacks Notification	164
Viewing Port Triggering Status	166
Viewing Router Configuration and System Status	167
Monitoring WAN Ports Status	168
Monitoring VPN Tunnel Connection Status	169
VPN Logs	170
DHCP Log	171
Performing Diagnostics	171
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting	175
Basic Functions	175
Power LED Not On	175
LEDs Never Turn Off	176
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On	176
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface	176
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection	178
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility	179
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall	179
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device	180
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password	181
Problems with Date and Time	181
Appendix A Default Settings and Technical Specifications	183
Appendix B Network Planning for Dual WAN Ports	187
What You Will Need to Do Before You Begin	187
Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements	189
Computer Network Configuration Requirements	189
Internet Configuration Requirements	189
Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters?	189
Internet Connection Information Form	191
Overview of the Planning Process	192
Inbound Traffic	192
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	192
The Roll-over Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports	193
The Load Balancing Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports	193
Inbound Traffic	194
Inbound Traffic to Single WAN Port (Reference Case)	194
Inbound Traffic to Dual WAN Port Systems	194
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	196
VPN Road Warrior (Client-to-Gateway)	197
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway	200
VPN Telecommuter (Client-to-Gateway Through a NAT Router)	203
Appendix C System Logs and Error Messages	207
System Log Messages	207
System Startup	207
Reboot	208
NTP	208
Login/Logout	209
Firewall Restart	209
IPSec Restart	210
WAN Status	210
Web Filtering and Content Filtering Logs	213
Traffic Metering Logs	215
Unicast Logs	215
FTP Logging	216
Invalid Packet Logging	216
Routing Logs	219
LAN to WAN Logs	219
LAN to DMZ Logs	220
DMZ to WAN Logs	220
WAN to LAN Logs	220
DMZ to LAN Logs	220
WAN to DMZ Logs	221
Appendix D Related Documents	223
Appendix E Two Factor Authentication	225
Why do I need Two-Factor Authentication?	225
What are the benefits of Two-Factor Authentication?	225
What is Two-Factor Authentication	226
NETGEAR Two-Factor Authentication Solutions	226

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ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538 Reference Manual

4-2

Firewall Protection and Content Filtering

v1.0, March 2009

intrusions. NAT performs a very limited stateful inspection in that it considers whether the

incoming packet is in response to an outgoing request, but true Stateful Packet Inspection goes far

beyond NAT.

Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic

Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other.

You can configure up to 600 rules on the FVX538. Inbound rules (WAN to LAN) restrict access by

outsiders to private resources, selectively allowing only specific outside users to access specific

resources. Outbound rules (LAN to WAN) determine what outside resources local users can have

access to.

A firewall has two default rules, one for inbound traffic and one for outbound. The default rules of

the FVX538 are:

•

Inbound

: Block all access from outside except responses to requests from the LAN side.

•

Outbound

: Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside.

The firewall rules for blocking/allowing traffic on the VPN firewall can be applied to LAN/WAN

traffic, DMZ/WAN traffic and LAN/DMZ traffic.

Services-Based Rules

The rules to block traffic are based on the traffic’s category of service.

•

Outbound Rules (service blocking)

– Outbound traffic is normally allowed unless the

firewall is configured to disallow it.

•

Inbound Rules (port forwarding)

– Inbound traffic is normally blocked by the firewall

unless the traffic is in response to a request from the LAN side. The firewall can be configured

to allow this otherwise blocked traffic.

Table 4-1.

Supported FIrewall Rule Configurations

Traffic Rule

Outbound Rules

Inbound Rules

LAN WAN

DMZ WAN

LAN DMZ