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Firewall Protection and Content Filtering, of Service TOS in the Internet Protocol Suite standards

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ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538 Reference Manual Table 4-2. Outbound Rules (continued) Item QoS Priority NAT IP Description The priority assigned to IP packets of this service. The priorities are defined by "Type of Service (TOS) in the Internet Protocol Suite" standards, RFC 1349. The router marks the Type Of Service (TOS) field as defined below: • Normal-Service: No special priority given to the traffic. The IP packets for services with this priority are marked with a TOS value of 0. • Minimize-Cost: Used when data must be transferred over a link that has a lower cost. The IP packets for services with this priority are marked with a TOS value of 1. • Maximize-Reliability: Used when data needs to travel to the destination over a reliable link and with little or no retransmission. The IP packets for services with this priority are marked with a TOS value of 2. • Maximize-Throughput: Used when the volume of data transferred during an interval is important even if the latency over the link is high. The IP packets for services with this priority are marked with a TOS value of 4. • Minimize-Delay: Used when the time required (latency) for the packet to reach the destination must be low. The IP packets for services with this priority are marked with a TOS value of 8. This setting determines the priority of a service which, in turn, determines the quality of that service for the traffic passing through the firewall. By default, the priority shown is that of the selected service. The user can change it accordingly. If the user does not make a selection (i.e., leaves it as None), then the native priority of the service will be applied to the policy. See "Setting Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities" on page 4-27. Specifies whether the source address of the outgoing packets on WAN should be assigned WAN interface address OR different one. • NAT single IP is on: The Interface to which the NAT IP belongs to. All the outgoing packets on WAN will be routed through the specified WAN interface only. • WAN Interface Address: All the outgoing packets on WAN will be assigned WAN interface address. • Single Address: All the outgoing packets on WAN will be assigned the specified IP address. Note: This option will be available only when WAN mode is NAT. The IP address specified should fall under the WAN subnet. Firewall Protection and Content Filtering 4-5 v1.0, March 2009

Section	Page
ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538 Reference Manual	1
Contents	7
About This Manual	15
Conventions, Formats and Scope	15
Revision History	16
Chapter 1 Introduction	17
Key Features	17
Dual WAN Ports for Increased Reliability or Outbound Load Balancing	18
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering	18
Security Features	19
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink	19
Extensive Protocol Support	20
Easy Installation and Management	20
Maintenance and Support	21
Package Contents	21
Router Front and Rear Panels	22
Rack Mounting Hardware	24
The Router’s IP Address, Login Name, and Password	25
Chapter 2 Connecting the FVX538 to the Internet	27
Logging into the VPN Firewall	27
Configuring the Internet Connections to Your ISPs	28
Setting the Router’s MAC Address	30
Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection	30
Programming the Traffic Meter (if Desired)	32
Configuring the WAN Mode (Required for Dual WAN)	34
Setting Up Auto-Rollover Mode	35
Setting Up Load Balancing	38
Configuring Dynamic DNS (If Needed)	40
Configuring the Advanced WAN Options (If Needed)	43
Chapter 3 LAN Configuration	45
Choosing the Firewall DHCP Options	45
Configuring the LAN Setup Options	46
Configuring Multi Home LAN IPs	49
Managing Groups and Hosts (LAN Groups)	50
Creating the Network Database	51
Setting Up Address Reservation	53
Configuring and Enabling the DMZ Port	54
Static Routes	56
Configuring Static Routes	56
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)	58
Static Route Example	60
Chapter 4 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering	61
About Firewall Protection and Content Filtering	61
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic	62
Services-Based Rules	62
Order of Precedence for Rules	69
Setting LAN WAN Rules	69
Setting DMZ WAN Rules	72
Setting LAN DMZ Rules	74
Attack Checks	76
Session Limit	78
Inbound Rules Examples	80
Outbound Rules Example	84
Adding Customized Services	85
Setting Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities	87
Setting a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic	88
Setting Block Sites (Content Filtering)	89
Enabling Source MAC Filtering	91
IP/MAC Binding	93
Port Triggering	95
Bandwidth Limiting	97
E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts	99
Administrator Tips	103
Chapter 5 Virtual Private Networking	105
Considerations for Dual WAN Port Systems	105
Using the VPN Wizard for Client and Gateway Configurations	107
Creating Gateway to Gateway VPN Tunnels with the Wizard	107
Creating a Client to Gateway VPN Tunnel	110
Testing the Connections and Viewing Status Information	116
NETGEAR VPN Client Status and Log Information	116
FVX538 VPN Connection Status and Logs	118
VPN Tunnel Policies	119
IKE Policy	119
VPN Policy	121
Certificate Authorities	123
Generating a Self Certificate Request	124
Uploading a Trusted Certificate	126
Managing your Certificate Revocation List (CRL)	126
Extended Authentication (XAUTH) Configuration	127
Configuring XAUTH for VPN Clients	128
User Database Configuration	129
RADIUS Client Configuration	131
Assigning IP Addresses to Remote Users (ModeConfig)	133
Mode Config Operation	133
Configuring the VPN Firewall	134
Configuring the ProSafe VPN Client for ModeConfig	137
Chapter 6 Router and Network Management	143
Performance Management	143
Bandwidth Capacity	143
VPN Firewall Features That Reduce Traffic	144
VPN Firewall Features That Increase Traffic	147
Using QoS to Shift the Traffic Mix	149
Tools for Traffic Management	150
Administration	150
Changing Passwords and Settings	150
RADIUS Server External Authentication	152
Enabling Remote Management Access	153
Using a SNMP Manager	156
Settings Backup and Firmware Upgrade	157
Setting the Time Zone	161
Monitoring the Router	162
Enabling the Traffic Meter	162
Setting Login Failures and Attacks Notification	164
Viewing Port Triggering Status	166
Viewing Router Configuration and System Status	167
Monitoring WAN Ports Status	168
Monitoring VPN Tunnel Connection Status	169
VPN Logs	170
DHCP Log	171
Performing Diagnostics	171
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting	175
Basic Functions	175
Power LED Not On	175
LEDs Never Turn Off	176
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On	176
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface	176
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection	178
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility	179
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall	179
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device	180
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password	181
Problems with Date and Time	181
Appendix A Default Settings and Technical Specifications	183
Appendix B Network Planning for Dual WAN Ports	187
What You Will Need to Do Before You Begin	187
Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements	189
Computer Network Configuration Requirements	189
Internet Configuration Requirements	189
Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters?	189
Internet Connection Information Form	191
Overview of the Planning Process	192
Inbound Traffic	192
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	192
The Roll-over Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports	193
The Load Balancing Case for Firewalls With Dual WAN Ports	193
Inbound Traffic	194
Inbound Traffic to Single WAN Port (Reference Case)	194
Inbound Traffic to Dual WAN Port Systems	194
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	196
VPN Road Warrior (Client-to-Gateway)	197
VPN Gateway-to-Gateway	200
VPN Telecommuter (Client-to-Gateway Through a NAT Router)	203
Appendix C System Logs and Error Messages	207
System Log Messages	207
System Startup	207
Reboot	208
NTP	208
Login/Logout	209
Firewall Restart	209
IPSec Restart	210
WAN Status	210
Web Filtering and Content Filtering Logs	213
Traffic Metering Logs	215
Unicast Logs	215
FTP Logging	216
Invalid Packet Logging	216
Routing Logs	219
LAN to WAN Logs	219
LAN to DMZ Logs	220
DMZ to WAN Logs	220
WAN to LAN Logs	220
DMZ to LAN Logs	220
WAN to DMZ Logs	221
Appendix D Related Documents	223
Appendix E Two Factor Authentication	225
Why do I need Two-Factor Authentication?	225
What are the benefits of Two-Factor Authentication?	225
What is Two-Factor Authentication	226
NETGEAR Two-Factor Authentication Solutions	226

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ProSafe VPN Firewall 200 FVX538 Reference Manual

Firewall Protection and Content Filtering

4-5

v1.0, March 2009

QoS Priority

The priority assigned to IP packets of this service. The priorities are defined by “Type

of Service (TOS) in the Internet Protocol Suite” standards, RFC 1349. The router

marks the Type Of Service (TOS) field as defined below:

•

Normal-Service: No special priority given to the traffic. The IP packets for services

with this priority are marked with a TOS value of 0.

•

Minimize-Cost: Used when data must be transferred over a link that has a lower

cost. The IP packets for services with this priority are marked with a TOS value of 1.

•

Maximize-Reliability: Used when data needs to travel to the destination over a

reliable link and with little or no retransmission. The IP packets for services with this

priority are marked with a TOS value of 2.

•

Maximize-Throughput: Used when the volume of data transferred during an interval

is important even if the latency over the link is high. The IP packets for services with

this priority are marked with a TOS value of 4.

•

Minimize-Delay: Used when the time required (latency) for the packet to reach the

destination must be low. The IP packets for services with this priority are marked

with a TOS value of 8.

This setting determines the priority of a service which, in turn, determines the quality

of that service for the traffic passing through the firewall. By default, the priority

shown is that of the selected service. The user can change it accordingly. If the user

does not make a selection (i.e., leaves it as None), then the native priority of the

service will be applied to the policy. See

“Setting Quality of Service (QoS) Priorities”

on page 4-27

NAT IP

Specifies whether the source address of the outgoing packets on WAN should be

assigned WAN interface address OR different one.

•

NAT single IP is on: The Interface to which the NAT IP belongs to. All the outgoing

packets on WAN will be routed through the specified WAN interface only.

•

WAN Interface Address: All the outgoing packets on WAN will be assigned WAN

interface address.

•

Single Address: All the outgoing packets on WAN will be assigned the specified IP

address.

Note

: This option will be available only when WAN mode is NAT. The IP address

specified should fall under the WAN subnet.

Table 4-2.

Outbound Rules (continued)

Item

Description