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Differentiated Services

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CHAPTER 31 Differentiated Services This chapter describes how Differentiated Services (DiffServ) fits into a quality of service strategy and shows you how to configure Two Rate Three Color Marker traffic policing on the Switch. 31.1 DiffServ Overview Quality of Service (QoS) is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types. DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going. 31.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (ToS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels and the remaining 2 bits are defined as currently unused (CU). The following figure illustrates the DS field. Figure 149 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field DSCP (6 bits) CU (2 bits) DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping. MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User's Guide 279

Section	Page
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	5
Safety Warnings	7
Contents Overview	9
Table of Contents	11
Introduction and Hardware	21
Getting to Know Your Switch	23
1.1 Introduction	23
1.1.1 Backbone Application	23
1.1.2 Bridging Example	24
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example	25
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples	25
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch	26
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch	26
Hardware Installation and Connection	29
2.1 Installation Scenarios	29
2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure	29
2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack	30
2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements	30
2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch	31
2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack	32
Hardware Overview	33
3.1 Front Panel	33
3.1.1 Console Port	35
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports	35
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots	36
3.1.4 Management Port	38
3.1.5 Power Connector	38
3.1.6 Signal Slot	40
3.2 Rear Panel	42
3.3 LEDs	43
3.4 Configuring the Switch	44
Tutorials	45
4.1 How to Use DHCP Snooping on the Switch	45
4.2 How to Use DHCP Relay on the Switch	49
4.2.1 DHCP Relay Tutorial Introduction	49
4.2.2 Creating a VLAN	50
4.2.3 Configuring DHCP Relay	53
4.2.4 Troubleshooting	54
Basic Configuration	55
The Web Configurator	57
5.1 Introduction	57
5.2 System Login	57
5.3 The Status Screen	58
5.3.1 Change Your Password	62
5.4 Saving Your Configuration	62
5.5 Switch Lockout	62
5.6 Resetting the Switch	63
5.6.1 Reload the Configuration File	63
5.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator	64
5.8 Help	65
Initial Setup Example	67
6.1 Overview	67
6.1.1 Creating a VLAN	67
6.1.2 Setting Port VID	68
6.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address	70
System Status and Port Statistics	73
7.1 Overview	73
7.2 Port Status Summary	73
7.2.1 Status: Port Details	75
Basic Setting	79
8.1 Overview	79
8.2 System Information	80
8.3 General Setup	82
8.4 Introduction to VLANs	84
8.5 Switch Setup Screen	85
8.6 IP Setup	87
8.6.1 Management IP Addresses	87
8.7 Port Setup	91
Advanced	93
VLAN	95
9.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs	95
9.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames	95
9.2 Automatic VLAN Registration	96
9.2.1 GARP	96
9.2.2 GVRP	96
9.3 Port VLAN Trunking	97
9.4 Select the VLAN Type	98
9.5 Static VLAN	98
9.5.1 Static VLAN Status	99
9.5.2 VLAN Details	100
9.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN	100
9.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings	103
9.6 Subnet Based VLANs	104
9.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN	105
9.8 Protocol Based VLANs	107
9.9 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN	108
9.10 Create an IP-based VLAN Example	110
9.11 Port-based VLAN Setup	111
9.11.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN	112
Static MAC Forward Setup	115
10.1 Overview	115
10.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding	115
Static Multicast Forward Setup	119
11.1 Static Multicast Forwarding Overview	119
11.2 Configuring Static Multicast Forwarding	120
Filtering	123
12.1 Configure a Filtering Rule	123
Spanning Tree Protocol	125
13.1 STP/RSTP Overview	125
13.1.1 STP Terminology	125
13.1.2 How STP Works	126
13.1.3 STP Port States	127
13.1.4 Multiple RSTP	127
13.1.5 Multiple STP	128
13.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen	131
13.3 Spanning Tree Configuration	132
13.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol	133
13.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status	135
13.6 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol	137
13.7 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status	139
13.8 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol	141
13.9 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status	144
Bandwidth Control	147
14.1 Bandwidth Control Overview	147
14.1.1 CIR and PIR	147
14.2 Bandwidth Control Setup	148
Broadcast Storm Control	151
15.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup	151
Mirroring	153
16.1 Port Mirroring Setup	153
Link Aggregation	155
17.1 Link Aggregation Overview	155
17.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation	155
17.2.1 Link Aggregation ID	156
17.3 Link Aggregation Status	157
17.4 Link Aggregation Setting	159
17.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol	161
17.6 Static Trunking Example	162
Port Authentication	165
18.1 Port Authentication Overview	165
18.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication	165
18.1.2 MAC Authentication	166
18.2 Port Authentication Configuration	167
18.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security	168
18.2.2 Activate MAC Authentication	169
Port Security	171
19.1 About Port Security	171
19.2 Port Security Setup	172
19.3 VLAN MAC Address Limit	174
Classifier	177
20.1 About the Classifier and QoS	177
20.2 Configuring the Classifier	177
20.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration	180
20.4 Classifier Example	182
Policy Rule	185
21.1 Policy Rules Overview	185
21.1.1 DiffServ	185
21.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior	185
21.2 Configuring Policy Rules	186
21.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration	189
21.4 Policy Example	191
Queuing Method	193
22.1 Queuing Method Overview	193
22.1.1 Strictly Priority Queuing	193
22.1.2 Weighted Fair Queuing	193
22.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR)	194
22.2 Configuring Queuing	195
VLAN Stacking	197
23.1 VLAN Stacking Overview	197
23.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example	197
23.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles	198
23.3 VLAN Tag Format	199
23.3.1 Frame Format	199
23.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking	200
23.4.1 Port-based Q-in-Q	201
23.4.2 Selective Q-in-Q	202
Multicast	205
24.1 Multicast Overview	205
24.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses	205
24.1.2 IGMP Filtering	205
24.1.3 IGMP Snooping	206
24.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs	206
24.2 Multicast Status	206
24.3 Multicast Setting	207
24.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN	210
24.5 IGMP Filtering Profile	212
24.6 MVR Overview	213
24.6.1 Types of MVR Ports	214
24.6.2 MVR Modes	214
24.6.3 How MVR Works	214
24.7 General MVR Configuration	215
24.8 MVR Group Configuration	217
24.8.1 MVR Configuration Example	219
AAA	221
25.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA)	221
25.1.1 Local User Accounts	222
25.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+	222
25.2 AAA Screens	222
25.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup	223
25.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup	225
25.2.3 AAA Setup	227
25.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute	230
25.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes	231
25.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication	232
25.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting	233
IP Source Guard	235
26.1 IP Source Guard Overview	235
26.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview	236
26.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview	238
26.2 IP Source Guard	239
26.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding	240
26.4 DHCP Snooping	243
26.5 DHCP Snooping Configure	246
26.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure	248
26.5.2 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure	249
26.6 ARP Inspection Status	251
26.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status	252
26.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status	253
26.7 ARP Inspection Configure	254
26.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure	256
26.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure	258
Loop Guard	261
27.1 Loop Guard Overview	261
27.2 Loop Guard Setup	263
VLAN Mapping	265
28.1 VLAN Mapping Overview	265
28.1.1 VLAN Mapping Example	265
28.2 Enabling VLAN Mapping	266
28.3 Configuring VLAN Mapping	267
Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling	269
29.1 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Overview	269
29.1.1 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Mode	270
29.2 Configuring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling	271
IP Application	273
Static Route	275
30.1 Static Routing Overview	275
30.2 Configuring Static Routing	276
Differentiated Services	279
31.1 DiffServ Overview	279
31.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior	279
31.1.2 DiffServ Network Example	280
31.2 Two Rate Three Color Marker Traffic Policing	280
31.2.1 TRTCM-Color-blind Mode	281
31.2.2 TRTCM-Color-aware Mode	282
31.3 Activating DiffServ	282
31.3.1 Configuring 2-Rate 3 Color Marker Settings	284
31.4 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings	285
31.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings	286
DHCP	287
32.1 DHCP Overview	287
32.1.1 DHCP Modes	287
32.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options	287
32.2 DHCP Status	288
32.3 DHCP Relay	288
32.3.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information	288
32.3.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay	289
32.3.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example	290
32.4 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings	291
32.4.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs	292
Management	295
Maintenance	297
33.1 The Maintenance Screen	297
33.2 Load Factory Default	298
33.3 Save Configuration	298
33.4 Reboot System	299
33.5 Firmware Upgrade	299
33.6 Restore a Configuration File	300
33.7 Backup a Configuration File	301
33.8 FTP Command Line	301
33.8.1 Filename Conventions	301
33.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure	302
33.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients	303
33.8.4 FTP Restrictions	303
Access Control	305
34.1 Access Control Overview	305
34.2 The Access Control Main Screen	305
34.3 About SNMP	306
34.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security	307
34.3.2 Supported MIBs	307
34.3.3 SNMP Traps	308
34.3.4 Configuring SNMP	315
34.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group	318
34.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts	319
34.4 SSH Overview	320
34.5 How SSH works	321
34.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch	322
34.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH	322
34.7 Introduction to HTTPS	322
34.8 HTTPS Example	323
34.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages	323
34.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages	324
34.8.3 The Main Screen	326
34.9 Service Port Access Control	326
34.10 Remote Management	327
Diagnostic	329
35.1 Diagnostic	329
Syslog	331
36.1 Syslog Overview	331
36.2 Syslog Setup	332
36.3 Syslog Server Setup	333
Cluster Management	335
37.1 Cluster Management Status Overview	335
37.2 Cluster Management Status	336
37.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management	337
37.3 Clustering Management Configuration	340
MAC Table	343
38.1 MAC Table Overview	343
38.2 Viewing the MAC Table	344
ARP Table	347
39.1 ARP Table Overview	347
39.1.1 How ARP Works	347
39.2 Viewing the ARP Table	348
Configure Clone	349
40.1 Configure Clone	349
Troubleshooting & Product Specifications	351
Troubleshooting	353
41.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	353
41.2 Switch Access and Login	354
41.3 Switch Configuration	356
Product Specifications	357
Appendices and Index	365
Common Services	367
Legal Information	371

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MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide

279

HAPTER

Differentiated Services

This chapter describes how Differentiated Services (DiffServ) fits into a quality of

service strategy and shows you how to configure Two Rate Three Color Marker

traffic policing on the Switch.

31.1

DiffServ Overview

Quality of Service (QoS) is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All

packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service)

to give different priorities to different packet types.

DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive

specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route

based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ

Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the

intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently

depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember

state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a

particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.

31.1.1

DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior

DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of

Service (ToS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 6-bit DSCP field which

can define up to 64 service levels and the remaining 2 bits are defined as currently

unused (CU). The following figure illustrates the DS field.

Figure 149

DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field

DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so

that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the

DSCP mapping.

DSCP (6 bits)

CU (2 bits)