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IPv4 Multicast Address, Multicast IP address range, Description

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 IPv4 Multicast Address 1. IPv4 Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Multicast IP address range Description 224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255 Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols and other network protocols 224.0.1.0～224.0.1.255 Addresses for video conferencing 239.0.0.0～239.255.255.255 Local management multicast addresses, which are used in the local network only Table 9-1 Range of the special multicast IP 2. IPv4 Multicast MAC Address: When a unicast packet is transmitted in an Ethernet network, the destination MAC address is the MAC address of the receiver. When a multicast packet is transmitted in an Ethernet network, the destination is not a receiver but a group with uncertain number of members, so a multicast MAC address, a logical MAC address, is needed to be used as the destination address. As stipulated by IANA, the high-order 24 bits of a multicast MAC address begins with 01-00-5E while the low-order 23 bits of a multicast MAC address are the low-order 23 bits of the multicast IP address. The mapping relationship is described as Figure 9-2. Figure 9-2 Mapping relationship between multicast IPv4 address and multicast MAC address The high-order 4 bits of the IP multicast address are 1110, identifying the multicast group. Only 23 bits of the remaining low-order 28 bits are mapped to a multicast MAC address. In that way, 5 bits of the IP multicast address is not utilized. As a result, 32 IP multicast addresses are mapped to the same MAC addresses. 116

Section	Page
Package Contents	11
Chapter 1 About this Guide	12
1.1 Intended Readers	12
1.2 Conventions	12
1.3 Overview of This Guide	12
Chapter 2 Introduction	16
2.1 Overview of the Switch	16
2.2 Appearance Description	16
2.2.1 Front Panel	16
2.2.2 Rear Panel	17
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch	19
3.1 Login	19
3.2 Configuration	20
Chapter 4 System	21
4.1 System Info	21
4.1.1 System Summary	21
4.1.2 Device Description	24
4.1.3 System Time	24
4.1.4 Daylight Saving Time	25
4.1.5 System IPv6	26
4.2 User Management	35
4.2.1 User Table	35
4.2.2 User Config	35
4.3 System Tools	36
4.3.1 Boot Config	37
4.3.2 Config Restore	38
4.3.3 Config Backup	38
4.3.4 Firmware Upgrade	39
4.3.5 System Reboot	39
4.3.6 System Reset	40
4.4 Access Security	40
4.4.1 Access Control	40
4.4.2 HTTP Config	42
4.4.3 HTTPS Config	42
4.4.4 SSH Config	45
4.4.5 Telnet Config	52
4.5 SDM Template	52
4.5.1 SDM Template Config	52
Chapter 5 Stack	54
5.1 Stack Management	61
5.1.1 Stack Info	61
5.1.2 Stack Config	62
5.2 Application Example for Stack	64
Chapter 6 Switching	65
6.1 Port	65
6.1.1 Port Config	65
6.1.2 Port Mirror	66
6.1.3 Port Security	68
6.1.4 Port Isolation	70
6.1.5 Loopback Detection	71
6.2 LAG	73
6.2.1 LAG Table	74
6.2.2 Static LAG	75
6.2.3 LACP Config	76
6.3 Traffic Monitor	78
6.3.1 Traffic Summary	78
6.3.2 Traffic Statistics	79
6.4 MAC Address	81
6.4.1 Address Table	82
6.4.2 Static Address	83
6.4.3 Dynamic Address	84
6.4.4 Filtering Address	86
Chapter 7 VLAN	88
7.1 802.1Q VLAN	89
7.1.1 VLAN Config	90
7.1.2 Port Config	91
7.2 Application Example for 802.1Q VLAN	93
7.3 MAC VLAN	94
7.3.1 MAC VLAN	95
7.3.2 Port Enable	95
7.4 Application Example for MAC VLAN	96
7.5 Protocol VLAN	98
7.5.1 Protocol Group Table	99
7.5.2 Protocol Group	99
7.5.3 Protocol Template	100
7.6 Application Example for Protocol VLAN	102
Chapter 8 Spanning Tree	104
8.1 STP Config	109
8.1.1 STP Config	109
8.1.2 STP Summary	111
8.2 Port Config	112
8.3 MSTP Instance	113
8.3.1 Region Config	114
8.3.2 Instance Config	114
8.3.3 Instance Port Config	115
8.4 STP Security	117
8.4.1 Port Protect	117
8.4.2 TC Protect	120
8.5 Application Example for STP Function	120
Chapter 9 Multicast	125
9.1 IGMP Snooping	129
9.1.1 Snooping Config	131
9.1.2 Port Config	133
9.1.3 VLAN Config	134
9.1.4 Multicast VLAN	135
9.1.5 Querier Config	138
9.1.6 Profile Config	140
9.1.7 Profile Binding	141
9.1.8 Packet Statistics	143
9.2 MLD Snooping	144
9.2.1 Snooping Config	146
9.2.2 Port Config	148
9.2.3 VLAN Config	149
9.2.4 Multicast VLAN	150
9.2.5 Querier Config	151
9.2.6 Profile Config	153
9.2.7 Profile Binding	154
9.2.8 Packet Statistics	156
9.3 Multicast Table	157
9.3.1 IPv4 Multicast Table	157
9.3.2 Static IPv4 Multicast Table	158
9.3.3 IPv6 Multicast Table	159
9.3.4 Static IPv6 Multicast Table	160
Chapter 10 Routing	162
10.1 Interface	162
10.2 Routing Table	165
10.3 Static Routing	166
10.4 ARP	167
10.4.1 ARP Table	167
10.4.2 Static ARP	167
Chapter 11 QoS	169
11.1 DiffServ	172
11.1.1 Port Priority	172
11.1.2 Schedule Mode	173
11.1.3 802.1P Priority	174
11.1.4 DSCP Priority	175
11.2 Bandwidth Control	177
11.2.1 Rate Limit	177
11.2.2 Storm Control	178
11.3 Voice VLAN	179
11.3.1 Global Config	181
11.3.2 Port Config	182
11.3.3 OUI Config	183
Chapter 12 ACL	185
12.1 Time-Range	185
12.1.1 Time-Range Summary	185
12.1.2 Time-Range Create	186
12.1.3 Holiday Config	187
12.2 ACL Config	187
12.2.1 ACL Summary	187
12.2.2 ACL Create	188
12.2.3 MAC ACL	188
12.2.4 Standard-IP ACL	189
12.2.5 Extend-IP ACL	190
12.3 Policy Config	191
12.3.1 Policy Summary	191
12.3.2 Policy Create	191
12.3.3 Action Create	192
12.4 ACL Binding	192
12.4.1 Binding Table	193
12.4.2 Port Binding	194
12.4.3 VLAN Binding	195
12.5 Policy Binding	195
12.5.1 Binding Table	196
12.5.2 Port Binding	197
12.5.3 VLAN Binding	198
12.6 Application Example for ACL	198
Chapter 13 Network Security	201
13.1 IP-MAC Binding	201
13.1.1 Binding Table	201
13.1.2 Manual Binding	202
13.1.3 ARP Scanning	204
13.2 DHCP Snooping	206
13.2.1 Global Config	209
13.2.2 Port Config	210
13.3 ARP Inspection	211
13.3.1 ARP Detect	215
13.3.2 ARP Defend	216
13.3.3 ARP Statistics	217
13.4 DoS Defend	218
13.4.1 DoS Defend	220
13.5 802.1X	220
13.5.1 Global Config	224
13.5.2 Port Config	225
13.5.3 RADIUS Config	227
Chapter 14 SNMP	229
14.1 SNMP Config	231
14.1.1 Global Config	231
14.1.2 SNMP View	232
14.1.3 SNMP Group	233
14.1.4 SNMP User	234
14.1.5 SNMP Community	236
14.2 Notification	238
14.3 RMON	240
14.3.1 Statistics	241
14.3.2 History	242
14.3.3 Event	243
14.3.4 Alarm Config	244
Chapter 15 Maintenance	246
15.1 System Monitor	246
15.1.1 CPU Monitor	246
15.1.2 Memory Monitor	247
15.2 Log	247
15.2.1 Log Table	248
15.2.2 Local Log	249
15.2.3 Remote Log	250
15.2.4 Backup Log	250
15.3 Device Diagnostics	251
15.3.1 Cable Test	251
15.4 Network Diagnostics	252
15.4.1 Ping	253
15.4.2 Tracert	253
Appendix A: Specifications	255

Match case Limit results 1 per page

116



IPv4 Multicast Address

IPv4 Multicast IP Address:

As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as

destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from

224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several

special multicast IP addresses.

Multicast IP address range

Description

224.0.0.0

～

224.0.0.255

Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols

and other network protocols

224.0.1.0

～

224.0.1.255

Addresses for video conferencing

239.0.0.0

～

239.255.255.255

Local management multicast addresses, which are

used in the local network only

Table 9-1 Range of the special multicast IP

IPv4 Multicast MAC Address:

When a unicast packet is transmitted in an Ethernet network, the destination MAC address is the

MAC address of the receiver. When a multicast packet is transmitted in an Ethernet network, the

destination is not a receiver but a group with uncertain number of members, so a multicast MAC

address, a logical MAC address, is needed to be used as the destination address.

As stipulated by IANA, the high-order 24 bits of a multicast MAC address begins with 01-00-5E

while the low-order 23 bits of a multicast MAC address are the low-order 23 bits of the multicast IP

address. The mapping relationship is described as Figure 9-2.

Figure 9-2 Mapping relationship between multicast IPv4 address and multicast MAC address

The high-order 4 bits of the IP multicast address are 1110, identifying the multicast group. Only 23

bits of the remaining low-order 28 bits are mapped to a multicast MAC address. In that way, 5 bits

of the IP multicast address is not utilized. As a result, 32 IP multicast addresses are mapped to the

same MAC addresses.