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Power-off considerations, Sector Addressing Mode

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10.4 Power-off considerations Load/Unload is a functional mechanism of the HDD. It is controlled by the drive microcode. Specifically, unloading of the heads is invoked by the commands: Command Response Standby UL -> Comp. Standby immediate UL -> Comp. Sleep UL -> Comp. UL = unload Comp. = complete Load/unload is also invoked as one of the idle modes of the drive. The specified start/stop life of the product assumes that load/unload is operated normally, NOT in emergency mode. 10.4.1 Emergency unload When HDD power is interrupted while the heads are still loaded, the microcode cannot operate and the normal 5V power is unavailable to unload the heads. In this case, normal unload is not possible, so the heads are unloaded by routing the back-EMF of the spinning motor to the voice coil. The actuator velocity is greater than the normal case, and the unload process is inherently less controllable without a normal seek current profile. Emergency unload is intended to be invoked in rare situations. Because this operation is inherently uncontrolled, it is more mechanically stressful than a normal unload. A single emergency unload operation is more stressful than 100 normal unloads. Use of emergency unload reduces the start/stop life of the HDD at a rate at least 100X faster than that of normal unload, and may damage the HDD. 10.4.2 Required power-off sequence Problems can occur on most HDDs when power is removed at an arbitrary time. For example: • Data loss from the write buffer • If the drive is writing a sector, a partially written sector with an incorrect ECC block results. The sector contents are destroyed and reading that sector results in a hard error. • Heads possibly land in the data zone instead of the landing zone, depending on the design of the HDD. You may then turn off the HDD in the following order: • Issue Standby Immediate or sleep command. • Wait until COMMAND COMPLETE STATUS is returned. (It may take up to 350ms in typical case). • Terminate power to HDD. This power-down sequence should be followed for entry into any system power-down state, or system suspend state, or system hibernation state. In a robustly designed system, emergency unload is limited to rare scenarios such as battery removal during operation. 10.5 Sector Addressing Mode All addressing of data sectors recorded on the device's media is by a logical sector address. The logical CHS address for HTS5410XXG9SA00 is different from the actual physical CHS location of the data sector on the disk media. Travelstar 5K100 (Serial ATA) Hard Disk Drive Specification 53

Section	Page
1.0 General	13
1.1 Introduction	13
1.2 References	13
1.3 Abbreviations	13
1.4 Caution	15
2.0 General features of the drive	17
3.0 Fixed-disk subsystem description	21
3.1 Control electronics	21
3.2 Head disk assembly	21
4.0 Drive characteristics	23
4.1 Formatted capacity	23
4.2 Data sheet	24
4.3 Drive organization	25
4.3.1 Drive format	25
4.3.2 Cylinder allocation	26
4.4 Performance characteristics	28
4.4.1 Command overhead	28
4.4.2 Mechanical positioning	28
4.4.3 Drive ready time	30
4.4.4 Operating modes	30
5.0 Data integrity	33
5.1 Data loss at power off	33
5.2 Write Cache	33
5.3 Equipment status	33
5.4 WRITE safety	34
5.5 Data buffer test	34
5.6 Error recovery	34
5.7 Automatic reallocation	34
5.8 ECC	35
6.0 Specification	37
6.1 Environment	37
6.1.1 Temperature and humidity	37
6.1.2 Corrosion test	38
6.2 Radiation noise	38
6.3 Conductive noise	39
6.4 Magnetic fields	39
6.5 DC power requirements	39
6.5.1 Power consumption efficiency	40
6.6 Reliability	41
6.6.1 Data integrity	41
6.6.2 Cable noise interference	41
6.6.3 Service life and usage condition	41
6.6.4 Preventive maintenance	41
6.6.5 Load/Unload	41
6.7 Emergency unload	42
6.7.1 Required power-off sequence	42
6.8 Mechanical specifications	43
6.8.1 Physical dimensions and weight	43
6.8.2 Mounting hole locations	43
6.8.3 Connector and jumper description	44
6.8.4 Drive mounting	44
6.8.5 Load/unload mechanism	44
6.9 Vibration and shock	44
6.9.1 Operating vibration	44
6.9.2 Nonoperating vibration	45
6.9.3 Operating shock	45
6.9.4 Nonoperating shock	46
6.10 Acoustics	46
6.10.1 Discrete tone penalty	47
6.11 Identification labels	47
6.12 Safety	47
6.12.1 UL and CSA approval	47
6.12.2 German safety mark	47
6.12.3 Flammability	47
6.12.4 Safe handling	48
6.12.5 Environment	48
6.12.6 Secondary circuit protection	48
6.13 Electromagnetic compatibility	48
6.13.1 CE mark	48
6.13.2 C-TICK mark	48
6.13.3 BSMI mark	49
6.14 Packaging	49
7.0 Electrical interface specification	51
7.1 Cabling	51
7.2 Interface connector	51
7.3 Signal definitions	52
8.0 General	55
8.1 Introduction	55
8.2 Deviations from standard	55
9.0 Registers	57
9.1 Register naming convention	57
9.2 Command Register	57
9.3 Device Control Register	58
9.4 Device Register	58
9.5 Error Register	59
9.6 Features Regsiter	59
9.7 LBA High Register	59
9.8 LBA Low Register	60
9.9 LBA Mid Register	60
9.10 Sector Count Register	60
9.11 Status Register	60
10.0 General operation descriptions	63
10.1 Reset response	63
10.2 Register initialization	64
10.3 Diagnostic and Reset considerations	64
10.4 Power-off considerations	65
10.4.1 Emergency unload	65
10.4.2 Required power-off sequence	65
10.5 Sector Addressing Mode	65
10.5.1 Logical CHS Addressing Mode	66
10.5.2 LBA Addressing Mode	66
10.6 Power management features	66
10.6.1 Power mode	67
10.6.2 Power management commands	67
10.6.3 Standby/Sleep command completion time	67
10.6.4 Standby timer	67
10.6.5 Status	67
10.6.6 Interface capability for power modes	68
10.6.7 Initial Power Mode at Power On	68
10.7 Advanced Power Management (ABLE-3) feature	68
10.7.1 Performance Idle Mode	69
10.7.2 Active Idle Mode	69
10.7.3 Low Power Idle Mode	69
10.7.4 Transition time	69
10.8 S.M.A.R.T. Function	69
10.8.1 Attributes	70
10.8.2 Attribute values	70
10.8.3 Attribute thresholds	70
10.8.4 Threshold exceeded condition	70
10.8.5 S.M.A.R.T. commands	70
10.8.6 S.M.A.R.T. operation with power management modes	70
10.9 Security Mode Feature Set	70
10.9.1 Security mode	71
10.9.2 Security level	71
10.9.3 Password	71
10.9.4 Master Password Revision Code	71
10.9.5 Command table	75
10.10 Protected Area Function	76
10.10.1 Example for operation (In LBA Mode)	76
10.10.2 Set Max security extension commands	77
10.11 Seek Overlap	78
10.12 Write Cache function	79
10.13 Reassign Function	79
10.13.1 Auto Reassign Function	80
10.14 48-bit Address Feature Set	81
10.15 Software Setting Preservation Feature Set	81
10.15.1 Preserved software settings	82
11.0 Command protocol	83
11.1 Data In commands	83
11.2 Data Out Commands	84
11.3 Non-data commands	85
11.4 DMA data in commands	85
12.0 Command descriptions	87
12.1 Check Power Mode (E5h/98h)	91
12.2 Device Configuration Overlay (B1h)	92
12.2.1 DEVICE CONFIGURATION RESTORE (subcommand C0h)	92
12.2.2 DEVICE CONFIGURATION FREEZE LOCK (subcommand C1h)	92
12.2.3 DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY (subcommand C2h)	93
12.2.4 DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET (subcommand C3h)	93
12.3 Execute Device Diagnostic (90h)	96
12.4 Flush Cache (E7h)	97
12.5 Flush Cache EXT (EAh)	98
12.6 Format Track (50h: vendor specific)	99
12.7 Format Unit (F7h: vendor specific)	100
12.8 Identify Device (ECh)	101
12.9 Idle (E3h/97h)	111
12.10 Idle Immediate (E1h/95h)	112
12.11 Initialize Device Parameters (91h)	113
12.12 Read Buffer (E4h)	114
12.13 Read DMA (C8h/C9h)	115
12.14 Read DMA EXT (25h)	117
12.15 Read Log Ext (2Fh)	119
12.15.1 General purpose log Directory	120
12.15.2 Extended comprehensive SMART error log	121
12.15.3 Error Log version	121
12.15.4 Extended Self-test log sector	123
12.16 Read Long (22h/23h)	125
12.17 Read Multiple (C4h)	127
12.18 Read Multiple EXT (29h)	129
12.19 Read Native Max ADDRESS (F8h)	130
12.20 Read Native Max ADDRESS EXT (27h)	131
12.21 Read Sectors (20h/21h)	132
12.22 Read Sector(s) EXT (24h)	133
12.23 Read Verify Sectors (40h/41h)	135
12.24 Ready Verify Sector(s) EXT (42h)	137
12.25 Recalibrate (1xh)	139
12.26 Security Disable Password (F6h)	140
12.27 Security Erase Unit (F3h)	141
12.28 Security Freeze Lock (F5h)	143
12.29 Security Set Password (F1h)	144
12.30 Security Unlock (F2h)	146
12.31 Seek (7xh)	147
12.32 Sense Condition (F0h: vendor specific)	148
12.33 Set Features (EFh)	149
12.34 Set Max ADDRESS (F9h)	151
12.35 Set Max ADDRESS EXT (37h)	153
12.36 Set Multiple (C6h)	155
12.37 Sleep (E6h/99h)	156
12.38 S.M.A.R.T. Function Set (B0h)	157
12.38.1 S.M.A.R.T. Function Subcommands	158
12.38.2 Device Attribute Data Structure	163
12.38.3 Device Attribute Thresholds data structure	168
12.38.4 S.M.A.R.T Log Directory	169
12.38.5 S.M.A.R.T. error log sector	170
12.38.6 Self-test log data structure	172
12.38.7 Selective self-test log data structure	172
12.38.8 Error reporting	174
12.39 Standby (E2h/96h)	175
12.40 Standby Immediate (E0h/94h)	176
12.41 Write Buffer (E8h)	177
12.42 Write DMA (CAh/CBh)	178
12.43 Write DMA EXT (35h)	180
12.44 Write Log Ext (3Fh)	182
12.45 Write Long (32h/33h)	183
12.46 Write Multiple (C5h)	185
12.47 Write Multiple EXT (39h)	186
12.48 Write Sectors (30h/31h)	188
12.49 Write Sectors(s) EXT (34h)	190
12.50 Write Verify (3Ch: vendor specific)	191
13.0 Timings	193
14.0 Appendix	195
14.1 Commands Support Coverage	195
14.2 SET FEATURES Commands Support Coverage	197

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Travelstar 5K100 (Serial ATA) Hard Disk Drive Specification

10.4

Power-off considerations

Load/Unload is a functional mechanism of the HDD. It is controlled by the drive microcode. Specifically, unloading

of the heads is invoked by the commands:

UL = unload

Comp. = complete

Load/unload is also invoked as one of the idle modes of the drive.

The specified start/stop life of the product assumes that load/unload is operated normally, NOT in emergency mode.

10.4.1

Emergency unload

When HDD power is interrupted while the heads are still loaded, the microcode cannot operate and the normal 5V

power is unavailable to unload the heads. In this case, normal unload is not possible, so the heads are unloaded by

routing the back-EMF of the spinning motor to the voice coil. The actuator velocity is greater than the normal case,

and the unload process is inherently less controllable without a normal seek current profile.

Emergency unload is intended to be invoked in rare situations. Because this operation is inherently uncontrolled, it

is more mechanically stressful than a normal unload.

A single emergency unload operation is more stressful than 100 normal unloads. Use of emergency unload reduces

the start/stop life of the HDD at a rate at least 100X faster than that of normal unload, and may damage the HDD.

10.4.2

Required power-off sequence

Problems can occur on most HDDs when power is removed at an arbitrary time. For example:

•

Data loss from the write buffer

•

If the drive is writing a sector, a partially written sector with an incorrect ECC block results. The sector

contents are destroyed and reading that sector results in a hard error.

•

Heads possibly land in the data zone instead of the landing zone, depending on the design of the HDD.

You may then turn off the HDD in the following order:

•

Issue Standby Immediate or sleep command.

•

Wait until COMMAND COMPLETE STATUS is returned. (It may take up to 350ms in typical case).

•

Terminate power to HDD.

This power-down sequence should be followed for entry into any system power-down state, or system suspend

state, or system hibernation state. In a robustly designed system, emergency unload is limited to rare scenarios such

as battery removal during operation.

10.5

Sector Addressing Mode

All addressing of data sectors recorded on the device's media is by a logical sector address. The logical CHS address

for HTS5410XXG9SA00 is different from the actual physical CHS location of the data sector on the disk media.

Command

Response

Standby

UL -> Comp.

Standby immediate

UL -> Comp.

Sleep

UL -> Comp.