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Appendix A. Partitions and file systems, Hard disk partitions, File systems

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Appendix A. Partitions and file systems A.1 Hard disk partitions The mechanism that allows you to install several operating systems on a single PC or to carve up a single physical disk drive into multiple "logical" disk drives is called partitioning. Partitioning is performed by special applications. In MS-DOS and Windows, these are FDISK and Disk Administrator. Partitioning programs perform the following: • create a primary partition • create an extended partition that can be split into several logical disks • set an active partition (applied to a single primary partition only) Information about partitions on a hard disk is stored in a special disk area - in the 1st sector of cylinder 0, head 0, which is called the partition table. This sector is called the master boot record, or MBR. A physical hard disk might contain up to four partitions. This limit is forced by the partition table that is suitable for four strings only. However, this does not mean you can have only four operating systems on your PC! Applications called disk managers support far more operating systems on disks. A.2 A.2.1 File systems An operating system gives the user the ability to work with data by supporting a certain type of file system on a partition. All file systems are made of structures that are necessary to store and manage data. These structures are usually composed of operating system boot sectors, folders and files. File systems perform the following basic functions: • track occupied and free disk space (and bad sectors, if any) • support folders and file names • track physical location of files on disks Different operating systems use different file systems. Some operating systems are able to work with only one file system, while others can use several of them. Here are some of the most widely used file systems: FAT16 The FAT16 file system is widely used by DOS (DR-DOS, MS-DOS, PC-DOS, PTS-DOS, etc.), Windows 98/Me, and Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista operating systems and is supported by most other systems. The main features of FAT16 are the file allocation table (FAT) and clusters. FAT is the core of the file system. To increase data safety, it is possible to have several copies of the FAT (there are usually two of them) on a single disk. A cluster is a minimum data storage unit in the FAT16 file system. One cluster contains a fixed 114 Copyright (c) 2000-2009 Acronis. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2009 Seagate Technology LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Section	Page
Chapter 1. Introduction	7
1.1 What is Seagate BlackArmor® Backup?	7
1.2 Advantages	7
1.3 System requirements and supported media	8
1.3.1 Minimum system requirements	8
1.3.2 Supported storage media	9
1.3.3 Supported operating systems	9
1.3.4 Supported file systems	9
1.4 License policy	9
1.5 Technical support	10
Chapter 2. Seagate BlackArmor Backup installation and startup	12
2.1 Installing Seagate BlackArmor Backup	12
2.1.1 Installing Seagate BlackArmor Backup	12
2.2 Extracting Seagate BlackArmor Backup	13
2.3 Running Seagate BlackArmor Backup	13
2.4 Removing Seagate BlackArmor Backup	13
Chapter 3. General information	14
3.1 The difference between file archives and disk/partition images	14
3.2 Full, incremental and differential backups	14
3.3 BlackArmor Backup Secure Zone	15
3.4 Viewing disk and partition information	15
3.5 Try&Decide	16
3.6 BlackArmor DriveCleanser, File Shredder, and System Clean-up	16
3.7 Support for Zip format	16
Chapter 4. Getting to know Seagate BlackArmor Backup	18
4.1 BlackArmor One-Click Protection	18
4.2 Program workspace	20
Chapter 5. Creating backup archives	24
5.1 Selecting what data to back up	24
5.2 Performing backup	25
5.2.1 Selecting data for backup	25
5.2.2 Selecting the target archive location	27
5.2.3 Scheduling	28
5.2.4 Backup method	29
5.2.5 Source files exclusion	30
5.2.6 Selecting the backup options	31
5.2.7 Setting automatic consolidation	32
5.2.8 Providing a comment	33
5.2.9 The operation summary and the backup process	33
5.3 Fine-tuning your backups	33
5.3.1 Archive protection	33
5.3.2 Source files exclusion	34
5.3.3 Pre/post commands	34
5.3.4 Compression level	34
5.3.5 Backup performance	35
5.3.6 Archive splitting	36
5.3.7 File-level security settings	36
5.3.8 Error handling	36
5.3.9 Additional settings	37
5.3.10 Backup reserve copy settings	37
5.3.11 Creating a custom data category for backups	38
5.4 Making reserve copies of your backups	39
Chapter 6. Restoring backup data	40
6.1 Restore under Windows or boot from CD?	40
6.1.1 Network settings in rescue mode	40
6.2 Restoring files and folders from file archives	40
6.3 Restoring disks/partitions or files from images	44
6.3.1 Starting the Restore Wizard	44
6.3.2 Archive selection	44
6.3.3 Restoration method selection	45
6.3.4 Selecting a disk/partition to restore	46
6.3.5 Selecting a target disk/partition	47
6.3.6 Changing the restored partition type	47
6.3.7 Changing the restored partition size and location	48
6.3.8 Assigning a letter to the restored partition	48
6.3.9 Setting restore options	48
6.3.10 Restoration summary and executing restoration	49
6.4 Setting restore options	49
6.4.1 Files to preserve during restoration	49
6.4.2 Pre/post commands	49
6.4.3 Restoration priority	50
6.4.4 File-level security settings	50
6.4.5 Additional settings	50
Chapter 7. Try&Decide	51
7.1 Using Try&Decide	54
7.1.2. Try&Decide options	54
7.2 Try&Decide usage examples	54
Chapter 8. Scheduling tasks	57
8.1 Creating scheduled tasks	57
8.1.1 Setting up once only execution	58
8.1.2 Setting up upon event execution	58
8.1.3 Setting up daily execution	59
8.1.4 Setting up weekly execution	60
8.1.5 Setting up monthly execution	60
8.2 Managing scheduled tasks	61
Chapter 9. Managing BlackArmor Backup Secure Zone	62
9.1 Creating BlackArmor Backup Secure Zone	62
9.2 Resizing BlackArmor Backup Secure Zone	64
9.3 Changing password for BlackArmor Backup Secure Zone	65
9.4 Deleting BlackArmor Backup Secure Zone	66
Chapter 10. Creating bootable media	67
Chapter 11. Other operations	70
11.1 Validating backup archives	70
11.2 Operation results notification	72
11.2.1 Email notification	72
11.2.2 WinPopup notification	73
11.3 Viewing Tasks and Logs	74
11.4 Consolidating backups	76
11.5 Removing backup archives	79
Chapter 12. Exploring archives and mounting images	81
12.1 Searching	81
12.2 Google Desktop and Windows Search integration	83
12.3 Mounting an image	90
12.4 Unmounting an image	92
Chapter 13. Transferring the system to a new disk	94
13.1 General information	94
13.2 Security	95
13.3 Executing transfers	95
13.3.1 Selecting Clone mode	95
13.3.2 Selecting source disk	95
13.3.3 Selecting destination disk	96
13.3.4 Partitioned destination disk	97
13.3.5 Selecting partition transfer method	97
13.3.6 Cloning with manual partitioning	98
13.3.7 Cloning summary	100
Chapter 14. Adding a new hard disk	101
14.1 Selecting a hard disk	101
14.2 Creating new partitions	101
14.3 Disk add summary	102
Chapter 15. Security and Privacy Tools	104
15.1 Using File Shredder	104
15.2 BlackArmor DriveCleanser	105
15.3 Creating custom algorithms of data destruction	108
15.4 System Clean-up	109
15.5 System Clean-up Wizard settings	110
15.5.1 \	110
15.5.2 \	110
15.5.3 \	111
15.5.4 \	112
15.5.5 \	112
15.5.6 \	113
15.6 Cleaning up separate system components	113
Appendix A. Partitions and file systems	114
Appendix B. Hard disks and BIOS setup	117
B.1 Installing hard disks in computers	117
B.1.1 Installing a hard disk, general scheme	117
B.1.2 Motherboard sockets, IDE cable, power cable	118
B.1.3 Configuring hard disk drives, jumpers	118
B.2 BIOS	119
B.2.1 Setup utility	119
B.2.2 Standard CMOS setup menu	120
B.2.3 Arranging boot sequence, advanced CMOS setup menu	121
B.2.4 Hard disk initialization errors	122
B.3 Installing a SATA hard drive	123
B.3.1 Steps for installing a new internal SATA drive.	123
Appendix C. Hard Disk Wiping methods	125
C.1 Information wiping methods’ functioning principles	125
C.2 Information wiping methods used by Seagate BlackArmor Backup	126

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Appendix A.

Partitions and file systems

A.1

Hard disk partitions

The mechanism that allows you to install several operating systems on a single PC

or to carve up a single physical disk drive into multiple “logical” disk drives is called

partitioning

Partitioning is performed by special applications. In MS-DOS and Windows, these

are FDISK and Disk Administrator.

Partitioning programs perform the following:

•

create a primary partition

•

create an extended partition that can be split into several logical disks

•

set an active partition (applied to a single primary partition only)

Information about partitions on a hard disk is stored in a special disk area – in the 1

sector

of cylinder 0, head 0, which is called the partition table. This sector is called the master

boot record, or MBR.

A physical hard disk might contain up to four partitions. This limit is forced by the partition

table that is suitable for four strings only. However, this does not mean you can have only

four operating systems on your PC! Applications called disk managers support far more

operating systems on disks.

A.2

File systems

An operating system gives the user the ability to work with data by supporting a

certain type of

file system

on a partition.

All file systems are made of structures that are necessary to store and manage

data. These structures are usually composed of operating system boot sectors,

folders and files. File systems perform the following basic functions:

•

track occupied and free disk space (and bad sectors, if any)

•

support folders and file names

•

track physical location of files on disks

Different operating systems use different file systems. Some operating systems are

able to work with only one file system, while others can use several of them. Here

are some of the most widely used file systems:

A.2.1

FAT16

The FAT16 file system is widely used by DOS (DR-DOS, MS-DOS, PC-DOS,

PTS-DOS, etc.), Windows 98/Me, and Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista operating systems

and is supported by most other systems.

The main features of FAT16 are the file allocation table (FAT) and clusters. FAT is

the core of the file system. To increase data safety, it is possible to have several

copies of the FAT (there are usually two of them) on a single disk. A cluster is a

minimum data storage unit in the FAT16 file system. One cluster contains a fixed

114