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Adaptec 44300 User Guide - Page 66

Selecting the Best RAID Level, storage space

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Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 66 Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an array with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can create two mirrored drive segments of 250 GB, for a total of 500 GB for the array, as shown in the following figure. Disk Drive 1 250 GB Drive Segment Size (Smallest Disk Drive) Disk Drive 2 250 GB Disk Drive 3 400 GB Disk Drive 4 400 GB Disk Drives in Logical Drive Disk Drive 1 1 3 ... 499 Disk Drive 2 2 500 4 ... Disk Drive 3 Disk Drive 4 1 499 3 ... Not Used Unused Space: 150 GB 2 500 4 ... Not Used Unused Space: 150 GB RAID 10 Logical Drive = 500 GB Selecting the Best RAID Level Use this table to select the RAID levels that are most appropriate for the logical drives on your storage space, based on the number of available disk drives and your requirements for performance and reliability. RAID Level RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 10 Redundancy No Yes Yes Disk Drive Usage 100% 50% 50% Read Write Built-in Performance Performance Hot Spare www www No ww ww No ww ww No Minimum Disk Drives 2 2 4 Disk drive usage, read performance, and write performance depend on the number of drives in the logical drive. In general, the more drives, the better the performance.

Section	Page
Contents	6
About This Guide	11
What You Need to Know Before You Begin	12
Terminology Used in this Guide	12
Conventions Used in This Guide	12
How to Find More Information	12
About Your HostRAID Controller	14
HostRAID Controller Features	15
Array Level Features	15
About the Adaptec 58300 Controller	16
About the Adaptec 48300 Controller	17
About the Adaptec 44300 Controller	18
About the Adaptec 1430SA Controller	19
About the Adaptec 1420SA Controller	20
About the Adaptec 1220SA Controller	21
About the Adaptec 1225SA Controller	22
Kit Contents and System Requirements	23
Kit Contents	24
System Requirements	24
Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives	25
Before You Begin	26
Installing the HostRAID Controller	26
Selecting Disk Drives	27
Selecting SAS Cables	27
Selecting SATA Cables	29
Connecting Disk Drives to SAS HostRAID Controllers	29
Connecting Directly to the HostRAID Controller	30
Connecting to a Backplane	30
Installing the SAS HostRAID Controller to a SAS Expander	31
Connecting Disk Drives to SATA HostRAID Controllers	32
Checking Your Controller and Devices	32
Setting the Boot Controller	32
Next Steps	33
Getting Started	34
Choosing a RAID Level	35
Choosing Installation Options	35
Basic Installation Steps	35
Installing with an Operating System	35
Installing with an Operating System On a Bootable Disk Drive or Array	35
Installing on an Existing Operating System	36
Creating a Bootable Array	37
Creating an Array	38
Creating an Array with the ACU	38
Creating an Array with Adaptec Storage Manager	38
Making Your Array Bootable	40
Installing the Driver and an Operating System	41
Before You Begin	42
Creating a Driver Disk	42
Installing with Windows	42
Installing with Red Hat Linux	43
Installing with SUSE Linux	43
Installing with NetWare	44
Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System	45
Before You Begin	46
Creating a Driver Disk or an Array	46
Installing on Windows XP or Windows 2003	46
Installing on Windows Vista	47
Installing on Red Hat or SUSE Linux	47
Installing on NetWare	47
Managing Your Storage Space	49
About Adaptec Storage Manager	50
Installing Adaptec Storage Manager	50
About the HRCONF Command Line Utility	50
About the ARC Utility	51
About the Adaptec Flash Utility	51
Which Utility Should I Use?	51
Solving Problems	52
Troubleshooting Checklist	53
Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure	53
Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare	53
Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare	53
Failure in Multiple Arrays Simultaneously	54
Disk Drive Failure in a RAID 0 Array	54
Multiple Failures in the Same Array	54
Resetting the Controller	54
Introduction to SAS	56
Terminology Used in This Appendix	57
What is SAS?	57
How Do SAS Devices Communicate?	58
What’s a Phy?	58
What’s a SAS Port?	58
What’s a SAS Address?	59
What’s a SAS Connector?	59
What do SAS Cables Look Like?	59
How are Disk Drives Identified in SAS?	59
What are the SAS Connection Options?	60
Direct-Attach Connections	60
Backplane Connections	60
SAS Expander Connections	60
How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI?	61
Understanding RAID	63
RAID Technology Overview	64
Understanding Drive Segments	64
Stripe-Unit Size	64
RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays)	64
RAID 1 Arrays	65
RAID 10 Arrays	65
Selecting the Best RAID Level	66
Using the ARC Utility	67
Introduction to the ARC Utility	68
Running the ARC Utility	68
Creating and Managing Arrays	68
Creating a New Array	68
Managing Arrays	70
Adding/Deleting Hot Spares	71
Managing Bootable Arrays and Devices	72
Configuring Disk Drives	72
ATAPI Support	72
Using SerialSelect	72
SerialSelect Options	73
Using SATASelect	74
SATASelect Options	75
Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives	75
Locating Disk Drives	76
Identifying Disk Drives	76
Viewing the Event Log	77
Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS	78
Introduction	79
System Requirements	79
Compatibility Information	79
Before You Begin	79
Obtaining the Firmware	79
Creating the Firmware Kit On Floppy Disks	80
Running the AFU	80
Running the Menu-Based AFU	80
Running the AFU from the Command Line	81
AFU Commands	81
HELP	81
LIST	82
SAVE	82
UPDATE	83
VERIFY	83
VERSION	84
Updating Flash Using AFU Command Line	84
HostRAID Controller LED and I2C Connector Reference	86
Adaptec 58300 Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification	87
Adaptec 48300 Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification	87
Adaptec 44300 Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification	88
Adaptec 1430SA Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification	89
Adaptec 1420SA Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification	90
Safety Information	92
Electrostatic Discharge(ESD)	92
Technical Specifications	93
Environmental Specifications	94
DC Power Requirements	94
Current Requirements	94
Glossary	95